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Reflections of History on Literature: The impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle"

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 179 - 192, 01.04.2009

Öz

The age of Enlightenment is the time of revolutions and the rise of the bourgeois. The two important
revolutions of the 18th century are the American Revolution (1776) and the French Revolution (1789) which
had a great influence on world history with the new ideas of equality, brotherhood and emancipation. These
democratic ideals became a triggering force in the forging of nation-states of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The American revolution was an idea and a political action against British colonialism. This important
historical event became a topic for Washington Irving, who is regarded as the first American writer to achieve
international fame. Although Irving’s mother was English-born and his father a Scottish descendant, it is
clear that he was infuenced by the American Revolution as he blended German folktales with the spirit of
the revolution. His famous story “Rip Van Winkle” (1819) sketches the funny adventure of Rip who had
lived during the revolution. One day Rip falls a sleep and wakes up to a very different America after the
revolution. As Benjamin Franklin becomes the hero of the Revolution, the slow and easy going Rip celebrates
the counter-hero of America. In this paper, the focus of interest will be on how the American revolution
started and the impact it had on Washington Irving’s work. 

Kaynakça

  • APPLEBY, Joyce, Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s, New York and London: New York University Press, 1984.
  • BAILYN, Bernard, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992.
  • BAYM, Nina (gn ed.) The Norton Anthology of American Literature, American Literature 1820-1865, Vol. B, New York.London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. (Quotations from the story will be indicated only by page numbers.)
  • BUSHMAN, Richard L., From Puritan to Yankee, Character and the Social Order in Connecticut, 1690-1765, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1980.
  • GOHDES, Clarence (ed), Essays on American Literature in Honor of Jay B. Hubbel, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1967.
  • HAZARD, Lucy Lockwood, The Frontier in American Literature, New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc., 1961.
  • HEDGES, William L., Washington Irving: An American Study, 1802-1832, The Goucher College Series, Baltimore: The John Hopkins Press, 1965.
  • MASUR, Louis P. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Boston. New York: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
  • McCUSTER, John J. & Menard, Russell R., The Economy of British America, 1607-1789, Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991. For more information on mercantalism and navigation acts please see pages 35-51.
  • PARENTI, Michael, Democracy for the Few, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980.
  • PAUL, Sherman, Six Classic American Writers. An Introduction, Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis, 1970.
  • PICKERING, Jean and Kehde, Suzanne, Narratives of Nostalgia, Gender and Nationalism, MacMillan Press Ltd., 1997.
  • RUBIN, Louis D. Jr. (ed), The Comic Imagination in American Literature, Forum Series, Voice of America, 1982.
  • TOCQUELLEVILLE, Alexis de, Democracy in America, New York: Vintage Classics, 1990.
  • WEINSTEIN, Allen, Conflicts in America, A History of Domestic Confrontations, Voice of America, Forum Series, 1980.
  • WOOD, Gordon, S., The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787, New York. London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993.

Reflections of History on Literature: The impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle”

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 179 - 192, 01.04.2009

Öz

Aydınlanma Çağı dünya tarihi açısından, devrimlerin patlak verdiği ve burjuva sınıfının yükseldiği önemli zamanlardandır.18. yüzyılın iki önemli devrimi, dünyada eşitlik, kardeşlik ve özgürlük gibi yeni düşüncelerin öne çıktığı için tarihte önemli bir yeri olan Amerikan Devrimi (1776) ile Fransız Devrimidir (1789). Devrimlerin ortaya attığı demokratik idealler, 19. ve 20. yüzyıllarda kurulmakta olan başka ulus-devletler için tetikleyici bir güç olmuştur. Amerikan devrimi, İngiliz kolonyalizmine karşı bir siyasal eylem ve özgürlükler konusunda önlenemez bir dürtü olarak ortaya çıkar. Bu önemli tarihsel olay, ün kazanan ilk Amerikalı olarak kabul edilen Washinton Irving’in eserlerine konu olmuştur. Irving’in annesinin İngiliz doğumlu, babasının da İskoç kökenli olmasına rağmen, yazarın Alman halk hikayeleriyle harmanladığı öyküsündeki dönem ruhundan anlaşılacağı üzere, Amerikan devriminden çok etkilendiğini açıktır. Yazarın önemli hikayesi “Rip Van Winkle” (1819), Devrim öncesinde yaşadığı yıllarda, günlerden bir gün ormanda uyuyakalıp uyandığında Devrim sonrasında yaşamakta olduğunu ve aradan yirmi yılın geçtiğini keşfeden Rip’in komik hikayesini anlatır. Uyuşuk ve kılıbık Rip, Devrim kahramanı Benjamin Franklin’in alternatifidir. Bu makalede, Amerikan devriminin nasıl ve hangi koşullarda başladığı ile devrimin Washington Irving’in eserleri üzerindeki etkisi üzerinde odaklanılacaktır

Kaynakça

  • APPLEBY, Joyce, Capitalism and a New Social Order: The Republican Vision of the 1790s, New York and London: New York University Press, 1984.
  • BAILYN, Bernard, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992.
  • BAYM, Nina (gn ed.) The Norton Anthology of American Literature, American Literature 1820-1865, Vol. B, New York.London: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. (Quotations from the story will be indicated only by page numbers.)
  • BUSHMAN, Richard L., From Puritan to Yankee, Character and the Social Order in Connecticut, 1690-1765, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1980.
  • GOHDES, Clarence (ed), Essays on American Literature in Honor of Jay B. Hubbel, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1967.
  • HAZARD, Lucy Lockwood, The Frontier in American Literature, New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc., 1961.
  • HEDGES, William L., Washington Irving: An American Study, 1802-1832, The Goucher College Series, Baltimore: The John Hopkins Press, 1965.
  • MASUR, Louis P. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Boston. New York: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press, 1993.
  • McCUSTER, John J. & Menard, Russell R., The Economy of British America, 1607-1789, Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991. For more information on mercantalism and navigation acts please see pages 35-51.
  • PARENTI, Michael, Democracy for the Few, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1980.
  • PAUL, Sherman, Six Classic American Writers. An Introduction, Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis, 1970.
  • PICKERING, Jean and Kehde, Suzanne, Narratives of Nostalgia, Gender and Nationalism, MacMillan Press Ltd., 1997.
  • RUBIN, Louis D. Jr. (ed), The Comic Imagination in American Literature, Forum Series, Voice of America, 1982.
  • TOCQUELLEVILLE, Alexis de, Democracy in America, New York: Vintage Classics, 1990.
  • WEINSTEIN, Allen, Conflicts in America, A History of Domestic Confrontations, Voice of America, Forum Series, 1980.
  • WOOD, Gordon, S., The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787, New York. London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993.
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

A. Didem Uslu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Uslu, A. D. (2009). Reflections of History on Literature: The impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s "Rip Van Winkle". Cankaya University Journal of Science and Engineering, 12(2), 179-192.
AMA Uslu AD. Reflections of History on Literature: The impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s "Rip Van Winkle". CUJSE. Nisan 2009;12(2):179-192.
Chicago Uslu, A. Didem. “Reflections of History on Literature: The Impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s ‘Rip Van Winkle’”. Cankaya University Journal of Science and Engineering 12, sy. 2 (Nisan 2009): 179-92.
EndNote Uslu AD (01 Nisan 2009) Reflections of History on Literature: The impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s "Rip Van Winkle". Cankaya University Journal of Science and Engineering 12 2 179–192.
IEEE A. D. Uslu, “Reflections of History on Literature: The impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s ‘Rip Van Winkle’”, CUJSE, c. 12, sy. 2, ss. 179–192, 2009.
ISNAD Uslu, A. Didem. “Reflections of History on Literature: The Impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s ‘Rip Van Winkle’”. Cankaya University Journal of Science and Engineering 12/2 (Nisan 2009), 179-192.
JAMA Uslu AD. Reflections of History on Literature: The impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s "Rip Van Winkle". CUJSE. 2009;12:179–192.
MLA Uslu, A. Didem. “Reflections of History on Literature: The Impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s ‘Rip Van Winkle’”. Cankaya University Journal of Science and Engineering, c. 12, sy. 2, 2009, ss. 179-92.
Vancouver Uslu AD. Reflections of History on Literature: The impact of American Revolution and Benjamin Franklin on Washington Irving’s "Rip Van Winkle". CUJSE. 2009;12(2):179-92.