Nörofinansta Anksiyeteyi Yeniden Düşünmek: Diyalektik Bir Çerçeve

Öz

Bu makale, anksiyeteyi nörofinansta yalnızca bir yanlılık ya da patoloji kaynağı olarak değil, belirsizlik altında finansal yargıyı destekleyebilen düzenleyici bir sinyal olarak ele alarak yeniden değerlendirmektedir. Psikanalitik teori, duygulanımsal sinirbilim, bilişsel psikoloji ve davranışsal finanstan hareketle çalışma; anksiyete, tehdit beklentisi, kayıp işleme, muğlaklık, ödül–ceza öğrenmesi, dikkat ve dürtü kontrolü üzerine literatürü seçici ve yapılandırılmış bir anlatı incelemesi yoluyla sentezlemektedir. Çalışmanın çıkış noktası, Freud’un anksiyeteyi bir tehlike sinyali olarak kavramsallaştırmasıdır; bu kavrayış, amigdala–prefrontal düzenleme, otonom uyarılma, teyakkuz ve risk ile belirsizlik altında karar verme üzerine çağdaş bulgularla genişletilmektedir. Makalenin temel argümanı, anksiyetenin diyalektik bir yapıya sahip olduğudur. Orantılı ve düzenlenmiş olduğunda anksiyete; dikkat, erken kayıp tespitini, ihtiyatlı risk değerlendirmesini, eylemi erteleyebilme kapasitesini ve disiplinli portföy takibini güçlendirebilir. Aşırı etkinleştiğinde ise aynı sinyal; tehdide saplanma, bilişsel daralma, kayıplardan asimetrik öğrenme, aşırı likidite tercihi, panik satış ve tepkisel karar verme biçimleri üretebilir. Bu nedenle makale, anksiyetenin adaptif düzenleme ile maladaptif düzensizleşme arasında işlediği gerilim-temelli bir çerçeve önermektedir. Bu çerçeve, anksiyeteyi ne yalnızca klinik bir bozukluğa ne de basit bir bilişsel yanlılığa indirger; bireysel duygulanımsal kalibrasyon ile daha geniş finansal davranış örüntüleri arasında bağlantı kurar. Makale, anksiyetenin finansal karar alma süreçlerinde hem istikrar sağlayıcı hem de istikrarsızlaştırıcı bir güç olarak nasıl işleyebileceğini göstererek nörofinans literatürüne katkı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nörofinans
• Anksiyete
• Karar verme
• Belirsizlik
• Biliş

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma herhangi bir kurum, kuruluş veya fon tarafından desteklenmemiştir. Araştırmanın tüm süreçleri yazar tarafından bağımsız olarak yürütülmüştür.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuştur. Araştırma sürecinde herhangi bir etik ihlalde bulunulmamış, çalışma tamamen özgün biçimde tarafımca hazırlanmıştır. İnsan veya hayvan denek gerektiren bir araştırma olmadığı için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Rethinking Anxiety in Neurofinance: A Dialectical Framework

Öz

The article reconsiders anxiety in neurofinance by treating it not only as a source of bias or pathology but also as a regulatory signal that may support financial judgment under uncertainty. Drawing on psychoanalytic theory, affective neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and behavioral finance, the study develops a selective and structured narrative review of the literature on anxiety, threat anticipation, loss processing, ambiguity, reward–punishment learning, attention, and impulse control. Its starting point is Freud’s concept of anxiety as a danger signal, which is extended through contemporary evidence on amygdala–prefrontal regulation, autonomic arousal, vigilance, and decision-making under risk and ambiguity. The central argument is that anxiety has a dialectical structure. When proportionate and regulated, it may enhance vigilance, early loss detection, cautious risk evaluation, delayed action, and disciplined portfolio monitoring. When overactivated, the same signal may produce threat fixation, cognitive narrowing, asymmetrical learning from losses, excessive liquidity preference, panic selling, and reactive decision-making. The article therefore proposes a tension-based framework in which anxiety operates between adaptive regulation and maladaptive dysregulation. This framework connects individual affective calibration to broader financial behavior without reducing anxiety to either a clinical disorder or a simple cognitive bias. The article contributes to neurofinance by showing how anxiety may function as both a stabilizing and destabilizing force in financial decision-making.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Neurofinance
• Anxiety
• Decision-making
• Ambiguity
• Cognition

Destekleyen Kurum

This study received no financial support from any institution, organization, or funding body. All stages of the research were conducted independently by the author.

Etik Beyan

This study adheres to the principles of scientific research and publication ethics. No ethical misconduct was involved in the research process, and the work was prepared entirely by the author. As the study does not involve human or animal subjects, ethical committee approval was not required.

Kaynakça

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