FOREIGN POLICY AND CONSPIRACY THEORIES: THE ROLE OF CONSPIRATORIAL NARRATIVES ON EUROPEAN POPULIST MOVEMENTS AND PARTIES

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 62 - 73

Umut Yukaruç

https://doi.org/10.69851/car.1594470

Öz

The relationship between conspiracy theories and politics is becoming an increasingly prominent topic in the academic literature. In the context of the post-truth era, which is characterised by the proliferation of information that challenges the veracity of established concepts such as manipulation and disinformation, it is evident that conspiracy theories are being disseminated with greater frequency and attracting a wider audience. The present study focuses on the relationship between conspiracy theories and foreign policy. In recent years, conspiracy theories have been employed and disseminated by numerous populist movements and parties, particularly within the context of populist politics. This study focuses on European populist movements and parties which frequently employ conspiracy theories, such as Great Replacement and Eurabia, centred on migrants. Accordingly, this study analyses the discourses of these movements and parties. It begins by defining conspiracy theories, subsequently adopting a historical perspective to demonstrate that such theories have existed since antiquity. Secondly, the UK's Brexit decision is analysed to illustrate the link between foreign policy and conspiracy theories. Finally, the discourses and decisions of populist movements and parties in opposition and in power in Europe are analysed to understand the relationship between foreign policy and conspiracy theories.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Conspiracy Theories, Foreign Policy, Migration, Populism

DIŞ POLİTİKA VE KOMPLO TEORİLERİ: KOMPLOCU ANLATILARIN AVRUPA POPÜLİST HAREKETLERİ VE PARTİLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ROLÜ

Öz

Komplo teorileri ve siyaset arasındaki ilişki, akademik literatürde giderek daha fazla öne çıkan bir konu haline gelmektedir. Manipülasyon ve dezenformasyon gibi yerleşik kavramların doğruluğuna meydan okuyan bilgilerin çoğalmasıyla karakterize edilen hakikat sonrası dönem bağlamında, komplo teorilerinin daha sık yayıldığı ve daha geniş bir kitleyi cezbettiği açıktır. Bu çalışma komplo teorileri ve dış politika arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanmaktadır. Özellikle popülist siyasette sıklıkla kullanılan komplo teorileri, son on yılda çok sayıda popülist hareket ve parti tarafından kullanılmış ve popülerleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın odak noktası, Büyük Yer Değiştirme ve Eurabia gibi göçmenleri merkeze alan komplo teorilerini sıklıkla kullanan Avrupalı popülist hareketler ve partilerdir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, bu hareketlerin ve partilerin söylemlerini analiz etmektedir. Bu çalışma ilk olarak, komplo teorilerini tanımlayarak başlamaktadır. Ardından, tarihsel bir perspektif benimseyerek bu tür teorilerin antik çağlardan beri var olduğunu göstermektedir. İkinci olarak, dış politika ve komplo teorileri arasındaki bağlantıyı göstermek için Birleşik Krallık'ın Brexit kararı analiz edilmektedir. Son olarak, dış politika ve komplo teorileri arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak için Avrupa'da muhalefette ve iktidarda olan popülist hareketlerin ve partilerin komplocu söylemleri ve bu söylemlerin sebep olduğu kararları incelenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Komplo Teorileri, Dış Politika, Göç, Popülizm

Kaynakça

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