Fair Play’e Yönelik Davranışlar Sporda Saldırganlık ve Öfkeyi Azaltır mı?

Yıl 2024, , 161 - 184, 31.07.2024

Yasemin Yalçın , Özge Kahraman

https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1425181

Cited By: 1

Öz

Sporcu öğrencilerin fair play’e yönelik davranışları ile sporda saldırganlık ve öfke düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelendiği çalışmanın örneklem grubunu 2021-2022 Eğitim-Öğretim yılında Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 140’ı kadın, 193’ü erkek toplam 333 sporcu öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Hem tarama (betimsel) hem de ilişkisel modelin kullanıldığı çalışmanın amacı, sporcu öğrencilerinin fair playe yönelik davranışları ile sporda saldırganlık ve öfke düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Veri toplamak için Çok Boyutlu Sportmenlik Yönelimi Ölçeği (MSOS–25) ile Sporda Saldırganlık ve Öfke Ölçeği (SSÖÖ) kullanılmıştır. Veriler katılımcılardan 2022 yılı Nisan ayında yüzyüze formlar aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde ölçüm araçlarının iç-tutarlılıklarının incelemesi için Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Katılımcıların çeşitli demografik özelliklerine göre Çok Boyutlu Sportmenlik Yönelimi Ölçeği ile Sporda Saldırganlık ve Öfke Ölçeği düzeylerini değerlendirmek için t-testi ve ANOVA testleri uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca ölçekler arasındaki ilişki seviyesi pearson korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin parametrik testlerin ön şartlarını sağlayıp sağlamadığına ise Skewness ve Kurtosis (verilerin normal dağılım durumu) değerleri ve Levene (varyans eşitliği) testi sonuçları incelenerek karar verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda sporcu öğrencilerin Çok Boyutlu Sportmenlik Yönelimi düzeyleri ile Sporda Saldırganlık ve Öfke düzeyleri arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Buna göre sporcu öğrencilerin fair playe yönelik davranışları arttıkça sporda saldırganlık ve öfke düzeylerinin düştüğü söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fair play, Spor, Sportmenlik, Öfke, Saldırganlık

Do Fair Play Behaviors Reduce Aggression and Anger in Sport?

Öz

The sample group of the study, which examined the relationship between the fair play behaviors of student athletes and their levels of aggression and anger in sports, consisted of a total of 333 student athletes, 140 female and 193 male, studying at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Faculty of Sports Sciences in the 2021-2022 academic year. The aim of the study, in which both screening (descriptive) and correlational models were used, was to examine the relationship between student athletes' fair play behaviors and their levels of aggression and anger in sports. The Multidimensional Scale of Sportsmanship Orientation (MSOS-25) and the Scale of Aggression and Anger in Sport (CAAS) were used to collect data. The data were collected from the participants through face-to-face forms in April 2022. In the analysis of the data obtained in the study, Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated to examine the internal consistency of the measurement tools. According to the various demographic characteristics of the participants, t-test and ANOVA tests were applied to evaluate the levels of the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale and the Aggression and Anger in Sport Scale. In addition, the level of relationship between the scales was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Whether the data met the prerequisites of parametric tests was decided by examining the Skewness and Kurtosis (normal distribution of data) values and Levene (equality of variance) test results. As a result of the research, it was seen that there was a significant negative relationship between the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation levels of student athletes and the levels of Aggression and Anger in Sports. Accordingly, it can be said that as the fair play behaviors of student athletes increase, their levels of aggression and anger in sports decrease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fair play, Sport, Sportsmanship, Anger, Aggression

Kaynakça

• Acet, M. (2005). Aggression and violence in sport. Morpa. [Turkish]
• Afyon, Y., & Metin, S. (2015). The examıne of the aggressıveness level of super amateur football players in Mugla. Journal of Sports and Performance Researches, 6(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.05537. [Turkish]
• Atasoy, B., & Öztürk-Kuter, F. (2005). Globalization and sports. Journal of Uludağ Unıversity Faculty of Education, 18(1), 11-22. [Turkish]
• Balçıkanlı, G. S., & Yıldıran, İ. (2011). Sportspersonship orientation and empathic dispositions of professional soccer players. Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 9(2), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000199. [Turkish]
• Baykan, E. (2018). Determination of continuous anger levels and examination of related factors between y and z generations taekwondo athletes. Master Thesis, Yozgat Bozok University, Graduate School of Health Sciences,Yozgat. [Turkish]
• Bishop, P. (2017). Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Activity Applications: Exercise Science, Physical Education, Coaching, Athletic Training & Health. Routledge.
• Bozkurt, B. (2017). Evaluation of the anger controls of the individual and team sportsmen in the young categories. Yüksek lisans tezi. Haliç University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, İstanbul. [Turkish]
• Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2001). Quantitative data analysis with SPSS release 10 for Windows. Routledge Press.
• Cin, H., Yılmaz, B. H., & Ektirici, A. (2022). The Investigation of anger and aggression perception of athletes in terms of various variables. CBU Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 17(2), 230-243. https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1141428. [Turkish]
• Cresswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research., (2nd Edt.). Pearson Education.
• Çetinöz, F., Yurtcu, E., & Üstgörül, Y. E. (2020). Investigation of the sportsmanship levels of university students. Inonu University, Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 7(3), 1-13. [Turkish]
• Dervent, F. (2007). Determination of aggresiveness level of high school students according to their sport participation level. Master Thesis, Gazi University, Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Ankara. [Turkish]
• Dilek, A. N., & İmamoğlu, O. (2020). Investigation of continuous anger-anger expression style status in sports education students. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies, 6(2), 566-575. [Turkish]
• Doğan, O. (2007). Sport psychology. Nobel. [Turkish]
• Efek, E., & Yiğiter, K. (2022). Sport, stress and sportsmanship. Yalova University Journal of Social Sciences, 12(1), 109-130. [Turkish]
• Eitzen, D. S. (2006). Fair and foul: Beyond the myths and paradoxes of sport. Rowman & Littlefield.
• Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
• Gedik, M. R. (2023). The Aggression and anger levels of martial athletes: An Example of Yalova. Yalova University Journal of Sports Sciences, 2(2), 29-35. [Turkish]
• George. D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A Simple guide and reference. (10. Baskı.). Pearson.
• Gül, C., & Bingöl, Ş. (2022). Examination of sportsmanship perception of sports high school students. Hakkari Review, 6(2), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.31457/hr.1164803. [Turkish]
• Güllü, S. (2018). A Reseach on coach-athlete relationship and sportsmanship orientation of the athletes. Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 16(4), 190-204. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.482295. [Turkish]
• Güngör, N. B., Kurtipek, S., & Yenel, F. (2022). A Study on athlete students with a focus on self-esteem and sportsmanship orientation. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 5(2), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.55142/jogser.1189526. [Turkish]
• Gürbüz, B., Kural, S., & Özbek, O. (2019). Competitive aggressiveness and anger scale: Validity and reliability study. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 206-217. [Turkish]
• Gürpınar, G., & Kurşun, S. (2013). Sportspersonship orientations of basketball and soccer players Mediterranean Journal of Humanities, III (1), 171-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.13114/MJH/20131660. [Turkish]
• Güvendi, B., & Keskin, B. (2020). Examination of competitive aggression and anger behaviors according to the perception of unethical behavior of athletes from their coaches. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Science, 5(2), 134-145. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.718565. [Turkish]
• Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2006). The new man and people. Evrim. [Turkish]
• Karakuzulu, E. (2018). Anayzing the aggression level of athletes who do martial arts and defense sports and also the ones who do other personel sport. Master Thesis, Gaziantep University Graduate School of Health Science. [Turkish]
• Karasar, N. (2008). Scientific research method. Nobel. [Turkish]
• Keating, J. W. (1964). Sportsmanship as a moral category. Ethics, 75(1), 25-35.
• Kılcıgil, E. (1998). Social environment sports relations (Theory and an Application on Elite Athletes). Bağırgan. [Turkish]
• Koçyiğit, M., & Özel, G. (2018). The Relationship between socialization and empathy tendency in the context of recreational activities: a research on university students. The Journal of Turkish Sport Science, 1(2), 49-57. [Turkish]
• Kotan, R. (2004). Profesyonel futbol takım taraftarlarının fair play anlayışları üzerine bir araştırma (Trabzon İl Örneği). Master Thesis, Gazi University, Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Ankara. [Turkish]
• Loland, S., & McNamee, M. (2000). Fair play and the ethos of sports: An Eclectic philosophical framework. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, 27(1), 63-80.
• Maxwell, J. P., & Moores, E. (2007). The development of a short scale measuring aggressiveness and anger in competitive athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(2), 179-193.
• Mowlaie, M., Besharat, M., Pourbohlool, S., & Azizi, L. (2011). The Mediation effects of self-confidence and sport self-efficacy on the relationship between dimensions of anger and anger control with sport performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 138 – 142.
• Özdamar, K. (2002). Statistical data analysis with package programs-1. (4. Edition). Kaan. [Turkish]
• Pehlivan, Z., Konukman, F. (2004). Sport in schools for improving the concept; Fair-play. Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 2(2), 49-53 https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000028. [Turkish]
• Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., & Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making sense of factor analysis: the use of factor analysis for instrument development in health care research. Sage.
• Sakallı, N. (2001). Social impacts: Who influences whom and how. İmge. [Turkish]
• Sezen-Balçıkanlı, G. (2010). The Turkish adaptation of multidimensıonal sportspersonship orientation scale-msos: a reliabibiliy and validity study. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,15(1),1-10. [Turkish]
• Shields, D. L., LaVoi, N. M., Bredemeier, D. L., & Power, F. C. (2007). Predictors of poor sportpersonship in youth sports: Personal attitudes and social influences. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29, 747–762.
• Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2010). Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A Study of relations. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), 1059-1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.11.001.
• Şahin, M. (1997). Sports ethics and problems. Evrensel. [Turkish]
• Şahin, M. (2022). Examination of physical activity and emotional status of university students. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS, 8(2), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1093887 [Turkish]
• Şahin, M. O., & Yıldırım, A. (2023). Investigation of hockey athletes' sportsmaning levels. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 17(1), 26-35. [Turkish]
• Şahinler, Y., & Ulukan, M. (2020). Investigation of aggression levels of university students doing sports. International Sport Science Student Studies, 2(1), 16-24. [Turkish]
• Şavran, G. T. (Ed). (2009). Research methods and techniques in sociology. Anadolu University Publishing. [Turkish]
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th Ed.). Pearson Education.
• Tanrıverdi, H. (2012). Sports ethics and violence. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 5(8),1071-1093. [Turkish]
• Teke, E. (2018). An investigtion of the effect of athletes' personality traits on fair-play behaviors. Master Thesis, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Muğla. [Turkish]
• Tiryaki, G. (1981). Doping. 19 Mayıs Youth and Sports Academy graduation thesis. [Turkish]
• Tiryaki, Ş. (2000). Sport psychology, concepts, theories and practice. Eylül. [Turkish]
• Topan, A. (2011). Examination of the relationship between club experience and the understanding of fair play of secondary education students who participate in interscholastic soccer matches. Master Thesis, Gazi University, Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Ankara. [Turkish]
• Tsai, E., & Fung, L. (2005). Sportspersonship in youth basketball and volleyball players. Athletic Insight, 7(2), 37-46
• Tutkun, E., Çobanoğlu-Güner, B., Ağaoğlu, S. A., & Soslu, R. (2010). Evaluation of aggression levels of individuals partıcıpatıng in team and individual sports. Journal of Sports and Performance Researches, 1(1), 23-29. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.30525 [Turkish]
• Türk Dil Kurumu. (t.y.). Spor. Current Turkish dictionary. https://sozluk.gov.tr/ Access Date: 22.04.2022.
• Türkçapar, Ü., & Yasul, Y. (2021). Analysis of Individual and Team Sports Students in Unıversity School Teams According to Different Variables. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 10(3), 1923-1931. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.891966 [Turkish]
• Uluç, E. A. (2022). Examination of the effect of sports character on aggression and anger in Karate athletes. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 11(4), 1559-1568. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1181544. [Turkish]
• Ulukan, H., Ulukan, M., & Esenkaya, A. (2021). Investigation sportsman behaviors and attitudes towards sports of athletes. Bilge International Journal of Social Research, 5(2), 169-180. [Turkish]
• Vallerand, R., Briere, N. M., Blanchard, C., & Provencher, P. (1997). Development and validation of the multidimensional sportspersonship orientations scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 19(2), 197-206.
• Yalçın, Y. G., Tek, T., & Çetin, M. Ç. (2020). Examine the sportsmanship orientation of university students who play sports as amateurs. The Journal of Turkish Sport Science, 3(1), 29-34. [Turkish]
• Yazar, A. M., Süleymanoğulları, M., & Bayraktar, G. (2022). Sportspersonship orientations of karate kumite athletes. International Sport Science Student Studies, 4(2), 51-59. [Turkish]
• Yetim A. (2005). Sociology and sport. Morpa. [Turkish]
• Yıldıran, İ. (2004). Fair play: Concept, view in Turkey and improvıng perspectives. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 9(4), 3-16. [Turkish]
• Yıldıran, İ. (2005). The role of physıcal education in fair play Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences,10(1), 3-16. [Turkish]
• Yücel, S., Atalay, A., & Gürkan, A. (2015). Factors affecting violence and aggression in sports. International Journal of Psychiatry and Psychological Researches, 2(2), 28-90. [Turkish]