Yaşlı Nüfusta Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeylerinin Ölçülmesine Yönelik Modeller Üzerine Bir Derleme: Türkiye Örneği

Öz

Yaşlı yetişkinlerde fiziksel aktiviteyi (FA) etkili bir şekilde ölçmek, yaşlanan nüfusun günlük yaşam aktivitelerine ve boş zaman FA'sına katılımlarına göre FA kategorilerine sınıflandırılmasını sağlar. Ayrıca, FA alışkanlıklarındaki değişikliklerin izlenmesini, yaşlı bireylere göre uyarlanmış FA müdahalelerinin değerlendirilmesini, FA ile sağlık sonuçları arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesini ve bu ilişkilerin doz-cevap ilişkileri açısından nicelleştirilmesini kolaylaştırır. Türkiye Yaşlı Profili Araştırması'na (2024) göre, düzenli olarak FA, egzersiz veya spor yapan 65 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin oranı %18,3'tür. Ancak, Türkiye'de yaşlı yetişkinlerin FA'ya katılımı ve ilgili parametreler hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. İnceleme sonucumuz Türkiye'de yaşlı nüfusta FA ile ilgili parametreler arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen büyük ölçekli bir nüfus çalışmasının yürütülmediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmayla literatürdeki Türkiye’deki yaşlı nüfusta FA düzeylerinin ölçülmesine yönelik kullanılan modellerle ilgili kaynak eksikliğinin giderilmesine yönelik bir katkı sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bunun için Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarından yararlanılarak geleneksel bir derleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu derleme çalışmasında ilgili literatür sentezlenerek, öncelikle yaşlılığın tanımı ve FA’nın önemi, Türkiye’deki yaşlı popülasyonu ve FA düzeylerinin istatistikleri, yaşlılarda FA ölçüm modelleri, Türk yaşlı popülasyonunda ve dünyada gerçekleştirilen FA belirleme çalışma örneklerine ilişkin başlıklara yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın Türkiye'deki yaşlı yetişkinlerde FA önerilerini karşılama ile sosyo-demografik faktörler, yaşam tarzı faktörleri ve kronik durumlar arasındaki korelasyonları araştırmayı amaçlayan çalışmalara katkı sunması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşlanma
• Egzersiz
• Sağlık sonuçları
• El kavrama kuvveti
• 6 dk yürüme testi

A Review of Models for Measuring Physical Activity Levels in the Elderly Population: The Case of Türkiye

Öz

Accurate measurement of physical activity (PA) in older adults enables classification of the aging population into PA categories based on participation in daily activities and leisure-time PA. It also facilitates monitoring changes in PA habits, evaluating PA interventions tailored to older individuals, identifying relationships between PA and health outcomes, and quantifying these associations in terms of dose-response relationships. According to the Turkey Elderly Profile Survey (2024), individuals aged 65 and above who regularly engage in PA, exercise, or sports is 18.3%. However, little is known about the participation of older adults in PA and related parameters in Türkiye. Our review revealed no large-scale population studies conducted in Türkiye examining the relationship between PA and related parameters in the elderly population. This study aims to address the lack of literature on models for measuring PA levels among the elderly population in Turkey. For this purpose, a traditional (narrative) review study was conducted using the Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Google Scholar databases. This review synthesizes relevant literature, focusing on the definition of aging and the importance of PA, statistics on the Turkish elderly population and PA levels, PA measurement models in the elderly, and examples of PA studies conducted in the Turkish elderly population and globally. This study is expected to contribute to research on the associations between meeting PA recommendations and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, as well as chronic conditions, among older adults in Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aging
• Exercise
• Health outcomes
• Handgrip strength
• 6-minute walk test

Kaynakça

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