The Effect of Different Running Treadmill Exercises on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Rats Muscle Tissue

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 115 - 124, 30.06.2018

Rahime Taş Recep Soslu Murat Taş Murat Akyüz Fazile Nur Ekinci Akdemir

Öz

Aim of this
study was planned to determine the effect of treadmill exercises made on
different occasions on the oxidative stress parameters on the rat muscle
tissue. In the present study, 32 Male Albino Wistar rats weighing 280-350 grams
were used. Rats were administered a treadmill exercise protocol for 13 weeks,
short (15 minutes, n:8), modarate (30 minutes, n:8) and long time (60 minutes,
n:8) for five days. For each biochemical study, superoxide dismutase activity
(SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione (GSH) levels from each
supernatant were measured in duplicate in each rat muscle tissue by ELISA kits,
respectively. Results from the experiments were given as mean±standard
deviation, and P values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
The significance level difference between groups was determined using the
one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and post-hoctests using the
"LSD" technique. The control group consisted of 23,07 ± 3,38 (U/mg
protein), 15 min group (19,82 ± 4,77 U/mg protein) and 30,88 ± 4,18 (U/Running
was determined as SOD value of 60 min 22.15 ± 3.85 (U/mg protein). The control
group consisted of 0,43 ± 0,6 (nmol/mg protein), 15 minutes group with 0,35 ±
0,3 (nmol/mg protein), 30 minutes 0,23 ±
0,6^ab
(nmol/mg protein), Running 60 min 0,24 ± 0,1 (nmol / mg protein), GSH value.
The control group consisted of 0.19 ± 0.02 (nmol/mg protein), 15 min group of
running 0.12 ± 0.03 (nmol/mg protein), running 30 min 0.14 ± 0.01 (nmol/mg
protein), Running was 0,14 ± 0,01 (nmol/mg protein), GSH valuefor 60 min. As a
result, it was determined that treadmill exercise performed at different times
had a positive effect on the oxidative stress parameters occurring in rat
muscle. It may be suggested that the antioxidant supplementation taken with the
exercises made at different times may be more
effective on muscle tissue. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Exercise, Antioxidant, Free Radical

Farklı sürelerdeki koşu bandı egzersizinin sıçan kas dokusundaki oksidatif stres parametreleri üzerine etkisi

Öz

Bu
çalışmanın amacı; farklı sürelerde yapılan koşu bandı egzersizlerinin sıçan kas
dokusu üzerinde meydana gelen oksidatif stres parametrelerine etkisini
belirlemektir. Sunulan çalışmada ağırlıkları 280-350 gram olan Albino Wistar
cinsi 32 adet erkek sıçan kullanılmıştır. Sıçanlara, 13 hafta boyunca koşu
bandı egzersiz protokolü, kısa (15 dakika, n:8), orta (30 dakika, n:8) ve
yüksek (60 dakika, n:8) düzeyde, beş gün arasında uygulanmıştır. Biyokimyasal
çalışmalar için her süpernatanttan süperoksit dismutaz aktivitesi (SOD), malondialdehit
(MDA) seviyeleri ve glutatyon (GSH) seviyeleri sırasıyla ELISA kitleriyle her
bir rat kas dokusu ikişer tekrarlamalı olarak ölçülmüştür. Deneylerden elde
edilen sonuçlar ortalama ± standart sapma olarak verildi ve 0.05'in altındaki P
değerleri, istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Gruplar arası
farkın önemlilik derecesi tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) testi ile ve
post-hoc testlerinden “LSD” tekniği kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Kontrol grubu
23,07±3,38 (U/mg protein), Koşu 15 dk. grubu 19,82±4,77 (U/mg protein), Koşu 30
dk. 20,88±4,18 (U/mg protein) Koşu 60 dk. 22,15±3,85 (U/mg protein) SOD değeri
olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kontrol grubu 0,43±0,6 (nmol/mg protein), Koşu 15 dk.
grubu 0,35±0,3 (nmol/mg protein), Koşu 30 dk. 0,23±0,6^ab (nmol/mg protein),
Koşu 60 dk. 0,24±0,1(nmol/mg protein), GSH değeri olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Kontrol grubu 0,19±0,02 (nmol/mg protein), Koşu 15 dk. grubu 0,12±0,03 (nmol/mg
protein), Koşu 30 dk. 0,14±0,01 (nmol/mg protein), Koşu 60 dk. 0,14±0,01 (nmol/mg
protein), GSH değeri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak farklı sürelerde
yapılan koşu bandı egzersizi sıçan kas dokusunda meydana gelen oksidatif stres
parametreleri üzerinde pozitif etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Farklı
sürelerde yapılan egzersizler ile birlikte alınan antioksidan desteğinin kas
dokusu üzerinde daha etkili olabileceği önerilebilir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Egzersiz, Antioksidan, Serbest Radikal

Kaynakça

• Akdemir, F.N.E., Gülçin, İ., Karagöz, B., & Soslu, R. (2016). Quercetin protects rat skeletal muscle from ischemia reperfusion injury. Journal Of Enzyme İnhibition And Medicinal Chemistry, 31(2), 162-166.
• Childs, A., Jacobs, C., Kaminski, T., Halliwell, B. & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2001). Supplementation with vitamin C and N-acetyl-cysteine increases oxidative stress in humans after an acute muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 31, 745-53.
• Clarkson, P.M. (1995). Antioxidants and physical performance. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 35, 131-41.
• Cotman, C.W., & Berchtold, N.C. (2002). Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. Trend Neuroscience, 25, 295–301.
• Cotman, C.W., & Engesser-Cesar, C. (2002). Exercise enhances and protects brain function. Exercise Sport Science Review, 30, 75–79.
• Çolakoğlu, S., Çolakoğlu, M., Kırkalı, M., Örmen, M., & Akan, P. (1999). E vitamini desteğinin submaksimal egzersizde oksidan stres ve dayanıklılık üzerine etkileri. Beden Eğitimi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3).
• Davies, K.J.A., Qumtanılha, A.T., Brooks, G.A., & Packer, L. (1982). Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise. Biochemical, Biophysical Research Communications, 107, 1198- 1205.
• Dixon, C.B., Robertson, R.J., Goss, F.L., Timmer, J.M., Nagle, E., & Evans, R.W. (2003). Effect of resistance training status on free radical production and muscle damage following acute exercise. Medical Science Sports Exercise, 35, 157.
• Elosua, R., Molina, L., Fito, M., Arquer, A., Sanchez-Quesada, J.L., & Covas, M.I. (2003). Response of oxidative stress biomarkers to a 16-week aerobic physical activity program, and to acute physical activity, in healthy young men and women. Atherosclerosis, 167, 327-34.
• Gackowski, D., Speina, E., Zielinska, M., Kowalewski, J., Rozalski, R., & Siomek, A. (2003). Products of oxidative DNA damage and repair as possible biomarkers of susceptibility to lung cancer. Cancer Research, 63(16), 4899–902.
• Gohil, K., Rothfuss, L., Lang, J., & Packer, L. (1987). Effect of exercise training on tissue vitamin E and ubiquinone content. Journal of Applied Physiology, 63, 1638-41.
• Gül, M., Demircan, B., Taysi, S., Oztasan, N., Gumustekin, K., & Sıktar, E. (2006). Effects of endurance training and acute exhaustive exercise on antioxidant defense mechanisms in rat heart. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 43, 239-45.
• Gündüz, F., Şentürk, Ü.K., Kuru, O., Aktekin, B., & Aktekin, M.R. (2004). The effect of one year´s swimming exercise on oxidant stress and antioxidant capacity in aged rats. Physiology Research, 53, 171-176.
• Hellsten, Y., Sjödin, B., Richter, E.A., & Bangsbo, J. (1998). Urate uptake and lowered ATP levels in human muscle after high-intensity intermittent exercise. American Journal of Physiology, 274, 600-6.
• Hellsten, Y., Svensson, M., Sjödin, B., Smith, S., Christensen, A., & Richter E.A. (2001). Allantoin formation and urate and glutathione exchange in human muscle during submaximal exercise. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 31, 1313-22.
• Herholz, K., Buskies, W., Rist, M., Pawlik, G., Hollmann, W., & Heiss, W.D. (1987). Regional Cerebral Blood Flow on Man At Rest And During Exercise. Journal of Neurology, 234, 9.
• Hollmann, W., Fischer, H., De Meirleir, K., Herzog, H., Herholz, K., & Feinendegen, L.E. (1994). The Brain: Regional Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism And Psyche During Ergometer Exercise. Fitness And Health: International Proceedings And Consensus Statement, 490–500.
• Husain, K. (2003). Interaction of exercise training and chronic NOS inhibition on blood pressure, heart rate, NO and antioxidants in plasma of rats. Pathophysiology, 10, 47-56.
• Ide, K., Horn, A., & Secher, N.H. (1999). Cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87, 1604–1608.
• Inal, M., Akyüz, F., Turgut, A., & Getsfrid, W.M. (2001). Effect of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism on free radical generation swimmers. Medical Science Sports Exercise, 33, 564-7.
• Ji, L.L., Dillon, D., & Wu, E. (1990). Alteration of antioxidant enzymes with aging in rat skeletal muscle and liver. American Journal of Physiology, 258, 918-23.
• Ji, L.L. & Fu, R. (1992). Responses of glutathione system and antioxidant enzymes to exhaustive exercise and hydroperoxide. Journal Applied Physiology, 72, 549-54.
• Ji, L.L., & Mitchell, E.W. (1994). Effects of Adriamycin on heart mitochondrial function in rested and exercised rats. Biochemical Pharmacology, 47, 877-85.
• Kıyıcı, F., & Kishalı, N.F. (2010). Alp disiplini kayakçılarında sürat egzersizleri sonrası kan antioksidan düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Atatürk Üüniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12 (1), 1-9.
• Kirana, R., Subramanyamb, M.V.V., & Asha, D.S. (2004). Swim exercise training and adaptations in the antioxidant defense system of myocardium of old rats: Relationship To Swim İntensity And Duration Comparative. Biochemistry And Physiology Part B, 137, 187–196.
• Kretzschmar, M., Müller, D., Hübscher, J., Marin, E. & Klinger, W. (1991). Influence of aging, training and acute, physical exercise on plasma glutathione and lipid peroxides in man. Inernationalt Journal of Sports Medicine, 12, 218-22.
• Leaf, D.A., Kleinman, M.T., Hamilton, M., & Barstow, T.J. (1997). The effect of exercise intensity on lipid peroxidation. Medicine and Science Sports Exercise, 29, 1036-9.
• Marzatico, F., Pansarasa, O., Bertorelli, L., Somenzini, L., & Della Valle, G. (1997). Blood free radical antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxides following long-distance and lactacidemic performances in highly trained aerobic and sprint athletes. Journal Sports Medicine Physical Fitness, 37, 235-9.
• Mena, P., Maynar, M., Gutierrez, J.M., Maynar, J., Timon, J., & Campillo, J.E. (1991). Erythrocyte free radical scavenger enzymes in bicycle professional racers. Adaptation to training. Inernationalt Journal of Sports Medicine, 12, 563-6.
• Ohno, H., Yahata, T., Sato, Y., Yamamura, K., & Taniguchi, N. (1988). Physical training and fasting erythrocyte activities of free radical scavenging enzyme systems in sedentary men. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 57, 173-6.
• Ortenblad, N., Madsen, K., & Djurhuus, M.S. (1997). Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation after short-term maximal exercise in trained and untrained humans. American Journal of Physiology, 272, 1258-63.
• Paz-Elizur, T., Krupsky, M., Blumenstein, S., Elinger, D., Schechtman, E., & Livneh, Z. (2003). DNA repair activity for oxidative damage and risk of lung cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 95, 1312–1316.
• Powers, S.K. & Lennon, S.L. (1999). Analysis Of Cellular Response To Free Radicals Focus On Exercise And Skeletal Muscle. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 58, 1025-1033.
• Quindry, J.C., Stone, W.L., King, J., & Broeder, C.E. (2003). The effects of acute exercise on neutrophils and plasma oxidative stress. Medical Science Sports Exercise, 35, 1139-45.
• Rico, H., Gervas, J., Hernandez, E.R., Seco, C., Villa, L.F., Revilla, M., & Sanchez-Atrio, A. (1999). Effects of alprazolam supplementation on vertebral and femoral bone mass in rats onstrenuous treadmill training exercise. Calcified Tissue Research, 65(2), 139-42.
• Rokizki, L., Logemann, E., Huber, G., Keck, E., & Keul, J. (1994). Alpha-Tocopherol supplementation in racing cyclists during extreme endurance training. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 4(3), 253–64.
• Soslu, R. (2014). Penisilin ile Deneysel Epilepsi Oluşturulan Sıçan Beyin Dokusuna Yüzme Egzersizi ve Üzüm Çekirdeği Ekstresinin Oksidatif Stres Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü/ Doktora Tezi.
• Svensson, M.B., Ekblom, B., Cotgreave, I.A., Norman, B., Sjöberg, B., Ekblom, O., Sjödin, B., & Sjödin, A. (2002). Adaptive stress response of glutathione and uric acid metabolism in man following controlled exercise and diet. Acta Physiological Scandinavica, 176, 43-56.
• Taş, M., Soslu, R., & Kıyıcı, F. (2018). The Effect Of Sıx Weeks Sprınt Traınıng On Serum Antıoxıdant Levels In Soccer Players. European Journal Of Physical Education And Sport Science, 4, 1.
• Tauler, P., Aguilo, A., Gimeno, I., Guix, P., Tur, J.A., & Pons, A. (2004). Different effects of exercise tests on the antioxidant enzyme activities in lymphocytes and neutrophils. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 5, 479-84.
• Thompson, D., Williams, C., Garcia-Roves, P., McGregor, S.J., McArdle, F., & Jackson,M.J. (2003). Post-exercise vitamin C supplementation and recovery from demanding exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 89, 393-400.