Sporda İmgeleme Becerisi Ölçeği'nin (SİBÖ) Türk Kültüründe Psikometrik Özellikleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 455 - 467, 31.12.2023

Ebru Araç Ilgar , Gözde Sırgancı , Bekir Bariş Cihan

https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1273911

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Spor İmgeleme Becerisi Ölçeği'nin (SİBÖ) Türk kültürüne uyarlanmasıdır. Veriler, 315 üniversite öğrencisinden çevrimiçi anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. SİBÖ yapı gecerligi doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilmiştir. SİBÖ’ nün beş faktörlü yapısı, uyum indekslerine (χ2 /(df)= 171.171/ (80) =2.14, p<.001; RMSEA (%90 CI) = 0.062[0.049, 0.075, CFit p =0.058; TLI = 0.934; CFI = 0.950; SRMR = 0.038) dayalı olarak yapıyı yüksek bir uyum düzeyinde doğrulamaktadır. İkinci dereceden doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, spor imgeleme becerisinin beş alt boyuttan oluştuğunu göstermektedir (χ2 /(df)= 180.156/ (85) =2.25, p<.001; RMSEA (%90 CI) = 0.062 [0.049), 0.074], 0.062, CFit p = 0.062; TLI = 0.935; CFI = 0.947; SRMR = 0.039). SİBÖ cinsiyet gruplarında ölçme değişmezliği test edilmiş ve metrik değişmezlik sağlanmıştır. Faktör yüklerinin 0.5'in üzerinde: ortalama çıkarılan varyans değerlerinin 0.5 civarında ve birleşik güvenirliğin 0,7'nin üzerinde olması yakınsak geçerliğin sağlandığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca ölçeğin ve tüm alt boyutlarının Cronbach alfa değerleri 0.7'nin üzerindedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre SİBÖ, Türk kültürlerinde spor imgeleme becerisini ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spor imgeleme becerisi ölçeği, Geçerlilik, Güvenilirlik, Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi

Psychometric Properties of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) in Turkish Culture

Öz

This study aims to adapt the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ) to Turkish culture. The data was collected via an online questionnaire from 315 university students. To test SIAQ construct validity, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. The five-factor construct of the SIAQ ensures model data fit based on the fit indices (χ2 /(df)= 171.171/ (80) =2.14, p<.001; RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.062[0.049, 0.075], CFit p =0.058; TLI = 0.934; CFI = 0.950; SRMR = 0.038). As a result, the five-factor model confirms the construct at a high level of agreement. Second-order CFI results show that the sport imagery ability consists of five sub-constructs is well supported (χ2 /(df)= 180.156/ (85) =2.25, p<.001; RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.062 [0.049, 0.074], 0.062, CFit p =0.062; TLI = 0.935; CFI = 0.947; SRMR = 0.039). SIAQ determined measurement invariance in gender groups, and metric invariance was provided. Due to factor loadings being over 0.5 and AVEs being around 0.5, and CRs being over 0.7, convergent validity is provided. In addition, the Cronbach alpha values of the scale and all subdimensions were over 0.7. According to the results, SIAQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring sport imagery ability in Turkish culture.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sport imagery ability questionnaire, Validity, Reliability, Confirmatory factor analysis

Kaynakça

• Abma, C.L., Fry, M.D., Li, Y., & Relyea, G. (2002). Differences in imagery content and imagery ability between high and low confident track and field athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(2), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200252907743
• Alpar, R. (2011). Çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık.
• Baddeley, A. D., & Andrade, J. (2000). Working memory and the vividness of imagery. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 129 (1), 126-145. Retrieved From: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0096-3445.129.1.126
• Brown, T. (2006). CFA with equality constraints, multiple groups, and mean structures. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Press.
• Chou, C. P., & Bentler, PM. (1995). Estimation and tests in structural equation modeling. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. Sage.
• Cumming, J., & Hall, C. (2002). Deliberate imagery practice: The Development of imagery skills in competitive athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(2), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102317200846
• Cumming, J., & Ramsey, R. (2009). Imagery interventions in sport. In S. D. Mellalieu, & S. Hanton (Eds.), Advances in applied sport psychology: A Review (pp. 5-36). Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2619.2322
• Cumming, J., & Williams, S. E. (2012). The role of imagery in performance. In S. M. Murphy (Ed.), Oxford library of psychology. The Oxford handbook of sport and performance psychology (pp. 213-232). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199731763.013.0011
• Feltz, D. C., & Riessinger, C. A. (1990). Effects of in vivo imagery and performance feedback on self-efficacy and muscular endurance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12, 132-143. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.12.2.132
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
• Gammage, K. L., Hall, C. R., & Rodgers, W. M. (2000). More about exercise imagery. The Sport Psychologist, 14(4), 348-359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.14.4.348
• Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt M. (2014). A Primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE
• Hall, C. R. (2001). Imagery in Sport and Exercise. In: Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology: (2nd Ed.). RN. Singer, HA. Hausenblas (Eds.). John Willy Sons.
• Hall, C. R., Buckolz, E., & Fishburne, G. (1992). Imagery and the acquisition of motor skills. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 17(1), 19-27.
• Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Evaluating model fit: A Synthesis of the structural equation modelling literature. In 7th European Conference on research methodology for business and management studies (pp. 195-200). Dublin, Technological University.
• İkizler, C., & Karagözoğlu, C. (1997). Sporda Başarının Psikolojisi (3. Baskı). Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım.
• Kızıldağ, E., & Tiryaki, M. (2012). Sporda imgeleme envanterinin türk sporcular için uyarlanması. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), 13-23. Retrieved From: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sbd/issue/16376/171339
• Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A Practical approach to design and evaluation. Sage Publications.
• Konter, E. (1999). Uygulamalı spor psikolojisinde zihinsel antrenman. İmgeleme ve doruk performans. Nobel.
• Liu, C. K. (1999). The effect of group imagery training on special skills for volleyball, asian-elite level athletes; A Case study. The Sport Psychologist, 5(2), 67-75. Retrieved From: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/intjourexerpsyc/issue/51561/670060
• MacIntyre, T., & Moran, A. P. (2007). A Qualitative investigation of meta-imagery processes and imagery direction among elite athletes. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 2(1), 1-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1932-0191.1022
• Martin, K. A., Moritz, S. E., & Hall, C. (1999). Imagery use in sport: A Literature review and applied model. The Sport Psychologist, 13(3), 245-268. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.13.3.245
• Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation, (3rd ed.). Taylor & Francis.
• Morris, T., Spittle, M., & Watt, AP. (2005). Imagery in sport. Human Kinetics.
• Murphy, S., Nordin, S., & Cumming, J. (2008). Imagery in sport, exercise, and dance. In T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (pp. 297-324). Human Kinetics.
• Nordin, S. M., & Cumming, J. (2008). Types and functions of athletes’ imagery: Testing predictions from the applied model of imagery use by examining effectiveness. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(2), 189-206. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/1612197X.2008.9671861
• Özdal, M., Akcan, F., Abakay, U., & Dağlıoğlu, Ö. (2013). Video destekli zihinsel antrenman programının futbolda şut becerisi üzerine etkisi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 40-46. Retrieved From: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/omuspd/issue/20456/217843
• Riordan, C. M., Vandenberg, R. J. (1994). A central question in cross-cultural research: Do employees of different cultures interpret work-related measures in an equivalent manner?. Journal of Management, 20(3), 643-671. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/0149-2063(94)90007-8
• Salmon, J., Hall, C., & Halsam, I. R. (1994) The Use of Imagery by Soccer Players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 6, 116-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209408406469
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Test of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8 (2), 23-74.
• Simon, J. (2000) Doing imagery in the field. In Doing sport psychology, M B. Andersen (Ed). Human Kinetics.
• Simonsmeier, B. A., & Buecker, S. (2017). Interrelations of imagery use, imagery ability, and performance in young athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2016.1187686
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. Person Education Inc.
• Taylor, J., & Wilson, G. (2005). Applying sport psychology: Four perspectives. Human Kinetics.
• Van Gyn, G. H., Wenger, H. A., & Gaul, C. A. (1990). Imagery as a method of enhancing transfer from training to performance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 12(4), 366–375. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.12.4.366
• Weigand, D. A., Thomas, S., Barrow, M. A., Hemmings, B., & Walley, M. (2007). Elite and novice athletes‟ imagery use in open and closed sports, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 93-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10413200601102912
• Weinberg, R. (2008). Does imagery work? Effects on performance and mental skills. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 3(1), 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1932-0191.1025
• Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2003). Foundation of sport and exercise psychology. (3th ed), Human Kinetics.
• Williams, S. E., Cumming, J. (2011). Measuring athlete imagery ability: The sport imagery ability questionnaire. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33(3), 416-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.33.3.416
• Williams, S. E., Cooley, S. J., Newell, E., Weibull, F., & Cumming, J. (2013). Seeing the difference: Developing effective imagery scripts for athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 4(2), 109-121. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/21520704.2013.781560