The Role of Physical Activity on Psychological Well-Being and Inclination to Ethical Values

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 114 - 126

Serdar Alemdağ , Muhammet Erhan Taşkin

https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1552622

Öz

The aim of the study is to examine the role of pre-service teachers' participation in physical activity on psychological well-being and inclination to ethical values. The sample group of the research consisted of 606 pre-service teachers of Trabzon University in the 2021-2022 academic year. Data collection tools consist of “Personal Information Form”, “Exercise Stages of Change Questionnaire”, “Psychological Well-Being Scale” and “The Scale of the inclination to Ethical Values”. In the research, which was designed with a quantitative research approach, the survey method was used. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation tests and Kruskal Wallis test were used as statistical methods in the evaluation of the data. As a result of the research it is seen that there is a significant difference between the passive, preparation and active phases of the exercise behavior change of the prospective teachers, and "inclination to ethical values" and "psychological well-being". In addition, it was found that the prospective teachers in the active phase of exercise behavior had higher psychological well-being scores, and the prospective teachers in the passive phase had lower predisposition to ethical values. Based on these results, it is recommended that pre-service teachers participate in physical activities so that the concepts of psychological well-being and inclination to ethical values, which are necessary for them to be well-equipped teachers, can be positively affected.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Exercise, Ethics, Psychology, Sport, Well-being

Etik Beyan

The ethical approval for the research was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Trabzon University on 09.03.2021 with the approval number 'E-81614018-000-234'. It is declared that scientific and ethical principles have been followed while carrying out and writing this study and that all the sources used have been properly cited.

Fiziksel Aktivitenin Psikolojik İyi Oluş ve Etik Değerlere Yatkınlık Üzerindeki Rolü

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının fiziksel aktiviteye katılımının psikolojik iyi oluş ve etik değerlere yatkınlık üzerindeki rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Trabzon Üniversitesi spor bilimleri fakültesi (N=157) ve eğitim fakültesinde (N=449) öğrenim gören toplam 606 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Öğretmen adayları basit rasgele örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak seçilmişlerdir. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak, “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Egzersiz Davranışı Değişim Basamakları Ölçeği”, “Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği” ve “Etik Değerlere Yatkınlık Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Nicel araştırma yaklaşımıyla tasarlanan araştırmada tarama yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, betimsel istatistikler, t testi, ANOVA, korelasyon testleri ve Kruskal Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda; öğretmen adaylarının egzersiz davranışı değişim basamaklarının pasif, hazırlık ve aktif evresi ile “etik değerlere yatkınlık” ve “psikolojik iyi oluş” arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca egzersiz davranışının aktif evresinde olan öğretmen adaylarının daha yüksek psikolojik iyi oluş puanlarına sahip oldukları ve pasif evredeki öğretmen adaylarının ise etik değerlere yatkınlık puanlarının daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlardan hareketle, araştırmaya katılan öğretmen adaylarının, donanımlı bir öğretmen olmaları için gerekli olan psikolojik iyi oluş ve etik değerlere yatkınlık kavramlarının olumlu yönde etkilenebilmesi için öğretmen adaylarının fiziksel aktivitelere katılmaları önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Egzersiz, Etik, İyi oluş, Psikoloji, Spor

Etik Beyan

Araştırma ile ilgili etik izinler Trabzon Üniversitesi araştırma etik kurulu tarafından 09.03.2021 tarihinde "E-81614018-000-234" numarasıyla alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın yürütülmesi ve yazılması sırasında bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve kullanılan tüm kaynakların doğru bir şekilde atıfta bulunulduğu beyan edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

• Al Kadri, H., & Widiawati, W. (2020). Strategic planning in developing the quality of educators and education personnel. Indonesian Research Journal in Education, 4(2), 324-346. https://doi.org/10.22437/irje.v4i2.9410
• Alemdag, C., Alemdag, S., & Ozkara, A. B. (2016). Physical activity as a determinant of subjective happiness. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 4(103), 2-10. https://doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v4i103.66
• Ashdown-Franks, G., Sabiston, C. M., & Stubbs, B. (2019). The Evidence for physical activity in the management of major mental illnesses: A Concise overview to inform busy clinicians’ practice and guide policy. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 32(5), 375-380. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000526
• Asif, T., Guangming, O., Haider, M. A., Colomer, J., Kayani, S., & Âmin, N. U. (2020). Moral education for sustainable development: Comparison of university teachers’ perceptions in China and Pakistan. Sustainability, 12(7), Article 3014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12073014
• Ateş, N. (2012). Work ethics and values in teaching. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, 3(6), 3-18. Bardach, L., Klassen, R. M., & Perry, N. E. (2022). Teachers’ psychological characteristics: Do they matter for teacher effectiveness, teachers’ well-being, retention, and interpersonal relations? An integrative review. Educational Psychology Review, 34(1), 259-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09614-9
• Barlı, Ö., Bilgili, B., Çelik, S., & Bayrakçeken, S. (2005). Primary school teachers' motivation: An investigation of differences and problems. Journal of Graduate School of Social Sciences, 5(1), 39-417.
• Başar, S. (2018). The effect of regular exercise on depression, happiness and well-being. Inonu University Journal of Physical Education and Sports Science, 5(3), 25-34.
• Bleazby, J. (2020). Fostering moral understanding, moral inquiry and moral habits through philosophy in schools: A Deweyian analysis of Australia’s Ethical Understanding curriculum. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 52(1), 84-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2019.1650116
• Bojanowska, A., & Urbańska, B. (2021). Individual values and well‐being: The Moderating role of personality traits. International Journal of Psychology, 56(5), 698-709. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12751
• Bondár, R. Z., Di Fronso, S., Bortoli, L., Robazza, C., Metsios, G. S., & Bertollo, M. (2020). The Effects of physical activity or sport‐based interventions on psychological factors in adults with intellectual disabilities: A Systematic review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64(2), 69-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12699
• Brown, K. W., & Kasser, T. (2005). Are psychological and ecological well-being compatible? The Role of values, mindfulness, and lifestyle. Social Indicators Research, 74(2), 349-368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-004-8207-8
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2024). Scientific research methods (35th ed.). Pegem Academy.
• Cantaş, C., & Kavas, E. (2015). The effects of the secondary school teachers’ trust to their assocıatıon on their motivation: the application of Afyonkarahisar province. The Journal of International Social Research, 8(41), 920-933
• Carraça, E. V., Encantado, J., Battista, F., Beaulieu, K., Blundell, J. E., Busetto, L., ... & Oppert, J. M. (2021). Effect of exercise training on psychological outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity: A Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity Reviews, 22(S4), Article e13261. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13261
• Cengiz, C., Aşçı, F. H., & İnce, M. L. (2010). Exercise stages of change questionnaire": Its reliability and validity. Turkish Clinics Journal of Sports Sci, 2(1), 32-37.
• Corcoran, R. P., & O'Flaherty, J. (2022). Social and emotional learning in teacher preparation: Pre-service teacher well-being. Teaching and Teacher Education, 110, 103563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103563
• Coşkun, N. (2016). The views of students of faculty of education and faculty members regarding teaching professional ethics values: hidden curriculum while gaining professional ethics values. Doctoral dissertation. Adnan Menderes University, Institute of Social Sciences, Aydın.
• Demirer, İ., & Erol, S. (2020). The relationships between university students’ physical activity levels, insomnia and psychological well-being. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 11(3), 201- 211. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2020.46547
• Demirtaş, S. (2016). The relationship between school administrators' psychological well-being and organizational citizenship behaviors. Master's Thesis. Mevlana University, Institute of Social Sciences, Konya.
• Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., & Oishi, S. (2009). New measures of well-being. Springer.
• Dikmen, C. (2019). An examination of the relationship between psychological well- being and social problem solving skills of university students. Master's thesis. Çanakkale 18 March University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Çanakkale.
• Dirsa, A., Anggreni BP, S., Diananseri, C., & Setiawan, I. (2022). Teacher Role as professional educator in school environment. International Journal of Science Education and Cultural Studies, 1(1), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.58291/ijsecs.v1i1.25
• Elmas, L., Yüceant, M., Ünlü H., & Bahadır, Z. (2021). Investigation of the relationship between physical activity and psychological well-being levels of university students. Sportive, 4(1), 1-17.
• Granero-Jiménez, J., López-Rodríguez, M. M., Dobarrio-Sanz, I., & Cortés-Rodríguez, A. E. (2022). Influence of physical exercise on psychological well-being of young adults: A Quantitative study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(7), Article 4282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074282
• İşgüden, B. & Çabuk, A. (2006). Professional ethics and effects of professional ethics on business life. Balıkesir University Social Studies Journal, 9(16), 59-86.
• Johnson, C. (1984). Asistant club, coach: Coaching theory manual. British Amateur Athletic Board.
• Karasar, N. (2005). Scientific research method (15th. ed.). Nobel Publications.
• Kasap, E. Z., Ağzıtemiz, F., & Ünal, G. (2021). Cognitive, mental and social benefits of interacting with nature: A systematic review. Journal of Happiness and Health, 1(1), 16-27.
• Kaur, S. (2015). Moral values in education. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(3), 21-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/Joh.46733
• Kaya, İ. (2015). The study of validity and reliability: The inclination to ethical values. International Journal of Social Research, 8(41), 968-974. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20154115078
• Kleiber, D. A., & Roberts, G. G. (1981). The Effects of sport experience in the development of social character: An Exploratory investigation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 3(2), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1123/jps.3.3.114
• Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Gilford press.
• Li, C., Chen, J. H., Liu, X. H., & Ren, S. Q. (2021). Can physical exercise improve the residents' health? Frontiers in Public Health, 9, Article 707292. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.707292
• Macniven, R., Canuto, K., Wilson, R., Bauman, A., & Evans, J. (2019). The Impact of physical activity and sport on social outcomes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: A Systematic scoping review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(11), 1232-1242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.06.017
• Mahindru, A., Patil, P., & Agrawal, V. (2023). Role of physical activity on mental health and well-being: A Review. Cureus, 15(1), 2-7. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33475
• Mahon, N. E., Yarcheski, A., & Yarcheski, T. J. (2005). Happiness as related to gender and health in early adolescents. Clinical Nursing Research, 14(2), 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773804271936
• Malm, C., Jakobsson, J., & Isaksson, A. (2019). Physical activity and sports—real health benefits: A Review with insight into the public health of Sweden. Sports, 7(5), Article 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050127
• Marcus, B. H., & Lewis, B. A. (2003). Physical activity and the stages of motivational readiness for change model. President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 4(1), 1-8.
• McAuley, E., Blissmer, B., Marquez, D. X., Jerome, G. J., Kramer, A. F., & Katula, J. (2000). Social relations, physical activity, and well-being in older adults. Preventive Medicine, 31(5), 608-617. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0740
• Ministary of National Education Republic of Turkiye (2017). General competencies for teaching profession. Directorate General for Teacher Training and Development.
• Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00298.x
• Nicolucci, A., Haxhi, J., D’Errico, V., Sacchetti, M., Orlando, G., Cardelli, P., ... & Pugliese, G. (2022). Effect of a behavioural intervention for adoption and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle on psychological well-being and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes: The IDES_2 randomized clinical trial. Sports Medicine, 52(3), 643-654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01556-0
• Pietilä, A. M., Nurmi, S. M., Halkoaho, A., & Kyngäs, H. (2020). Qualitative research: Ethical considerations. In: Kyngäs, H., Mikkonen, K., & Kääriäinen, M. (ed.). The application of content analysis in nursing science research, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30199-6_6
• Ponizovskiy, V., Grigoryan, L., Kühnen, U., & Boehnke, K. (2019). Social construction of the value–behavior relation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 934. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00934
• Rodriguez-Ayllon, M., Cadenas-Sánchez, C., Estévez-López, F., Muñoz, N. E., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Migueles, J. H., ... & Esteban-Cornejo, I. (2019). Role of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the mental health of preschoolers, children and adolescents: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 49(9), 1383-1410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5
• Rudd, A. (2005). Which character should sport develop? The Physical educator, 62(4), 205-212.
• Saqib, Z. A., Dai, J., Menhas, R., Mahmood, S., Karim, M., Sang, X., & Weng, Y. (2020). Physical activity is a medicine for non-communicable diseases: A Survey study regarding the perception of physical activity impact on health wellbeing. Risk management and healthcare policy, 13, 2949-2962. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S280339
• Sarıgül, F., & Kana, F. (2018). Determining Turkish language teachers’ tendency towards ethical values. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 15(4), 961-970. http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sssj.468
• Shahidi, S. H., Stewart Williams, J., & Hassani, F. (2020). Physical activity during COVID-19 quarantine. Acta Paediatrica, 109(10), 2147-2148. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15420
• Shaturaev, J. (2021). Financing and management of islamic (Madrasah) education in Indonesia. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Zarządzanie, 42, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.17512/znpcz.2021.2.05
• Singh, B., Olds, T., Curtis, R., Dumuid, D., Virgara, R., Watson, A., ... & Maher, C. (2023). Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: An overview of systematic reviews. British journal of sports medicine, 57(18), 1203-1209. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106195
• Surur, M., Wibawa, R. P., Jaya, F., Suparto, A. A., Harefa, D., Faidi, A., ... & Purwanto, A. (2020). Effect of education operational cost on the education quality with the school productivity as moderating variable. Psychology and Education, 57(9), 1196-1205. https://doi.org/10.17762/pae.v57i9.445
• Telef, B. B. (2013). The Adaptation of Psychological Well-Being into Turkish: A Validity and Reliability Study. Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Education, 28(3), 374-384.
• Telef, B. B., Uzman, E., & Ergün, E. (2013). Examine The Relation Between Psychological Well-Being and Values in Teacher Candidates. Electronic Turkish Studies, 8(12), 1297-1307. https://doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.5699
• Temel, A., Kangalgil, M., Mamak, H., Emre, T., & Aydın, E. (2022). Ethical values of teachers: Differentiation according to regular physical activity. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 10(3), 363-383. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.1133255
• Yalçın, H., & Korkmaz, M. E. (2013). Preschool teachers' conditions of motivation. International Journal of Social Research, 6(26), 602-609.
• Yavuz, Ü., & İlhan, E. L. (2023). Doing Sports and Psychological Well-Being: University Students Profile. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 28(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1117950
• Zakaria, Z., Don, Y., & Yaakob, M. F. M. (2021). Teachers' well-Being from the social psychological perspective. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 641-647. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i2.21115
• Zhao, X., Tong, S., & Yang, Y. (2022). The Correlation between quality of life and positive psychological resources in cancer patients: A Meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 13, Article 883157. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883157