Blockchain ve Kripto Paralar Üzerine Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz (2020–2025)
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 85 - 101, 16.12.2025
Hassan Alali
,
Mohammed Ferdos Mohammed Assi
Öz
Bu çalışma, 2020–2025 döneminde blockchain ve kripto paralar üzerine yayımlanan literatürü bibliyometrik yöntemlerle inceleyerek yayın eğilimlerini, önde gelen yazar ve dergileri, anahtar kavram kümelerini ve iş birliği ağlarını bütüncül olarak haritalamaktadır. Veri seti Google Scholar’dan Publish or Perish ile derlenmiş, yinelenen kayıtlar ayıklandıktan sonra R (bibliometrix/biblioshiny) ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, literatürün finansal-ekonomik, teknik-güvenlik ve yönetsel-inovatif eksenlerde yoğunlaştığını; 2020–2021’de temel teknolojik/kavramsal konuların, 2022–2025’te ise dijital dönüşüm, yapay zekâ entegrasyonu, DeFi ve NFT gibi uygulama-odaklı temaların öne çıktığını göstermektedir. Eş-yazarlık ve ülkeler arası iş birliği ağları, alanın çok merkezli fakat parçalı bir yapıda ilerlediğine işaret ederken; anahtar kelime eş-ortaklık, tematik harita ve tematik evrim analizleri kavramsal çekirdeğin konsolide olurken yeni alt alanlara genişlediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, güncel eğilimlerin sentezini sunarak ilerideki araştırmalar için yöntemsel ve içeriksel bir çerçeve sağlamaktadır.
Etik Beyan
Bu makale insan veya hayvan denekleriyle ilgili herhangi bir çalışma içermemektedir. Çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde tüm bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulmuştur.
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde yönlendirmeleri ve değerli katkıları için Sn. Ahmet Albayrak’a teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
-
Abdin, Z. (2024). Empowering the hydrogen economy: The transformative potential of blockchain technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 200, Article 114572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114572
-
Adamyk, B., Benson, V., Adamyk, O., & Liashenko, O. (2025). Risk management in DeFi: Analyses of the Innovative tools and platforms for tracking DeFi transactions. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(1), Article 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18010038
-
Ahmed, A. A., & Alabi, O. O. (2024). Secure and scalable blockchain-based federated learning for cryptocurrency fraud detection: A systematic review. IEEE Access, 12, 102219–102241. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3429205
-
Altalhan, M., Algarni, A., & Turki-Hadj Alouane, M. (2025). Imbalanced data problem in machine learning: A review. IEEE Access, 13, 13686–13699. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3531662
-
An, J., Mikhaylov, A., & Chang, T. (2024). Relationship between the popularity of a platform and the price of NFT assets. Finance Research Letters, 61, Article 105057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105057
-
Arenal, A., Armuna, C., Ramos, S., Feijoo, C., & Aguado, J. M. (2024). Digital transformation, blockchain, and the music industry: A review from the perspective of performers’ collective management organizations. Telecommunications Policy, 48(8), Article 102817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2024.102817
-
Atree, M. K., & Tripathy, N. (2025). Cryptocurrency research: Bibliometric review and content analysis. International Review of Economics & Finance, 98, Article 103940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.103940
-
Auer, R., Haslhofer, B., Kitzler, S., Saggese, P., & Victor, F. (2024). The technology of decentralized finance (DeFi). Digital Finance, 6(1), 55–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42521-023-00088-8
-
Barua, S., Golder, U., Chowdhury, R. S., & Sharmeen, K. (2025). Implications of NFT as a sustainable fintech innovation for sustainable development and entrepreneurship. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 4(2), Article 100099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stae.2025.100099
-
Bertomeu, J., Martin, X., & Sall, I. (2024). Measuring DeFi risk. Finance Research Letters, 63, Article 105321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105321
-
Bouteska, A., Abedin, M. Z., Hajek, P., & Yuan, K. (2024). Cryptocurrency price forecasting: A comparative analysis of ensemble learning and deep learning methods. International Review of Financial Analysis, 92, Article 103055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.103055
-
Chen, Q., Srivastava, G., Parizi, R. M., Aloqaily, M., & Ridhawi, I. Al. (2020). An incentive-aware blockchain-based solution for internet of fake media things. Information Processing and Management, 57(6), Article 102370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102370
-
Fan, S., Yecies, B., Zhou, Z. I., & Shen, J. (2024). Challenges and opportunities for the Web 3.0 metaverse turn in education. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 17, 1935–1950. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2024.3385505
-
Fang, X., Ma, Q., Liu, Z., & Wu, J. (2024). Landscape sustainability and land sustainability: A bibliometric analysis. Land Use Policy, 147, Article 107374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107374
-
Hassan, W., & Duarte, A. E. (2024). Bibliometric analysis: A few suggestions. Current Problems in Cardiology, 49(8), Article 102640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102640
-
Hawashin, D., Nemer, M., Gebreab, S. A., Salah, K., Jayaraman, R., Khan, M. K., & Damiani, E. (2024). Blockchain applications in UAV industry: Review, opportunities, and challenges. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 230, Article 103932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103932
-
Kekül, H., Ergen, B., & Arslan, H. (2023). Estimating vulnerability metrics with word embedding and multiclass classification methods. International Journal of Information Security, 23, 247-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-023-00734-7
-
Kianpour, M., Kowalski, S. J., & Øverby, H. (2021). Systematically understanding cybersecurity economics: A survey. Sustainability, 13(24), Article 13677. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413677
-
Maksoud, N., AlJassmi, H., Ali, L., & Masoud, A. R. (2025). Applications of large language models and generative AI in transportation: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 34, Article 101699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101699
-
Morar, C. D., & Popescu, D. E. (2024). A survey of blockchain applicability, challenges, and key threats. Computers, 13(9), Article 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13090223
-
Natarajan, T., Pragha, P., Dhalmahapatra, K., & Raghavan, D. R. V. (2025). Exploring tourist’s metaverse experience using destination spatial presence quality & perceived augmentation: Metaverse exploration, physical expedition (MEPE). Current Issues in Tourism, 28(14), 2343–2365. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2024.2372652
-
Passas, I. (2024). Bibliometric analysis: The main steps. Encyclopedia, 4(2), 1014–1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020065
-
Qin, M., Shao, X., Hu, C., & Su, C. W. (2025). Can gold hedge against uncertainty in the cryptocurrency and energy markets? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 214, Article 124050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124050
-
Radanliev, P. (2023). Review and comparison of US, EU, and UK regulations on cyber risk/security of the current blockchain technologies: Viewpoint from 2023. The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, 17, 105-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12626-023-00139-x
-
Ressi, D., Romanello, R., Piazza, C., & Rossi, S. (2024). AI-enhanced blockchain technology: A review of advancements and opportunities. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 225, Article 103858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103858
-
Toufaily, E., & Zalan, T. (2024). In blockchain we trust? Demystifying the “trust” mechanism in blockchain ecosystems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 206, Article 123574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123574
A Bibliometric Analysis of Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies (2020–2025)
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 85 - 101, 16.12.2025
Hassan Alali
,
Mohammed Ferdos Mohammed Assi
Öz
This paper maps the 2020–2025 scholarly landscape on blockchain and cryptocurrencies using bibliometric methods. Data were harvested from Google Scholar via Publish or Perish, de-duplicated, and analyzed in R (bibliometrix/biblioshiny). Results show a tripartite structure—financial-economic, technical-security, and managerial-innovative—while topics shift from foundational/technological themes (2020–2021) to application- and future-oriented areas (2022–2025), including digital transformation, AI integration, DeFi, and NFTs. Co-authorship and cross-country collaboration networks reveal a polycentric yet fragmented field; keyword co-occurrence, thematic mapping, and thematic evolution indicate consolidation around core concepts alongside diversification into emerging niches. The study synthesizes recent trends and offers a methodological/content roadmap for future research.
Etik Beyan
This article does not involve any studies with human or animal subjects. All scientific and ethical principles were adhered to during the preparation of the study.
Teşekkür
We would like to thank Mr. Ahmet Albayrak for his guidance and valuable contributions during the preparation of this study.
Kaynakça
-
Abdin, Z. (2024). Empowering the hydrogen economy: The transformative potential of blockchain technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 200, Article 114572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114572
-
Adamyk, B., Benson, V., Adamyk, O., & Liashenko, O. (2025). Risk management in DeFi: Analyses of the Innovative tools and platforms for tracking DeFi transactions. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(1), Article 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18010038
-
Ahmed, A. A., & Alabi, O. O. (2024). Secure and scalable blockchain-based federated learning for cryptocurrency fraud detection: A systematic review. IEEE Access, 12, 102219–102241. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3429205
-
Altalhan, M., Algarni, A., & Turki-Hadj Alouane, M. (2025). Imbalanced data problem in machine learning: A review. IEEE Access, 13, 13686–13699. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3531662
-
An, J., Mikhaylov, A., & Chang, T. (2024). Relationship between the popularity of a platform and the price of NFT assets. Finance Research Letters, 61, Article 105057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105057
-
Arenal, A., Armuna, C., Ramos, S., Feijoo, C., & Aguado, J. M. (2024). Digital transformation, blockchain, and the music industry: A review from the perspective of performers’ collective management organizations. Telecommunications Policy, 48(8), Article 102817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2024.102817
-
Atree, M. K., & Tripathy, N. (2025). Cryptocurrency research: Bibliometric review and content analysis. International Review of Economics & Finance, 98, Article 103940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.103940
-
Auer, R., Haslhofer, B., Kitzler, S., Saggese, P., & Victor, F. (2024). The technology of decentralized finance (DeFi). Digital Finance, 6(1), 55–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42521-023-00088-8
-
Barua, S., Golder, U., Chowdhury, R. S., & Sharmeen, K. (2025). Implications of NFT as a sustainable fintech innovation for sustainable development and entrepreneurship. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 4(2), Article 100099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stae.2025.100099
-
Bertomeu, J., Martin, X., & Sall, I. (2024). Measuring DeFi risk. Finance Research Letters, 63, Article 105321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105321
-
Bouteska, A., Abedin, M. Z., Hajek, P., & Yuan, K. (2024). Cryptocurrency price forecasting: A comparative analysis of ensemble learning and deep learning methods. International Review of Financial Analysis, 92, Article 103055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.103055
-
Chen, Q., Srivastava, G., Parizi, R. M., Aloqaily, M., & Ridhawi, I. Al. (2020). An incentive-aware blockchain-based solution for internet of fake media things. Information Processing and Management, 57(6), Article 102370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102370
-
Fan, S., Yecies, B., Zhou, Z. I., & Shen, J. (2024). Challenges and opportunities for the Web 3.0 metaverse turn in education. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 17, 1935–1950. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2024.3385505
-
Fang, X., Ma, Q., Liu, Z., & Wu, J. (2024). Landscape sustainability and land sustainability: A bibliometric analysis. Land Use Policy, 147, Article 107374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107374
-
Hassan, W., & Duarte, A. E. (2024). Bibliometric analysis: A few suggestions. Current Problems in Cardiology, 49(8), Article 102640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102640
-
Hawashin, D., Nemer, M., Gebreab, S. A., Salah, K., Jayaraman, R., Khan, M. K., & Damiani, E. (2024). Blockchain applications in UAV industry: Review, opportunities, and challenges. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 230, Article 103932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103932
-
Kekül, H., Ergen, B., & Arslan, H. (2023). Estimating vulnerability metrics with word embedding and multiclass classification methods. International Journal of Information Security, 23, 247-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-023-00734-7
-
Kianpour, M., Kowalski, S. J., & Øverby, H. (2021). Systematically understanding cybersecurity economics: A survey. Sustainability, 13(24), Article 13677. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413677
-
Maksoud, N., AlJassmi, H., Ali, L., & Masoud, A. R. (2025). Applications of large language models and generative AI in transportation: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 34, Article 101699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.101699
-
Morar, C. D., & Popescu, D. E. (2024). A survey of blockchain applicability, challenges, and key threats. Computers, 13(9), Article 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13090223
-
Natarajan, T., Pragha, P., Dhalmahapatra, K., & Raghavan, D. R. V. (2025). Exploring tourist’s metaverse experience using destination spatial presence quality & perceived augmentation: Metaverse exploration, physical expedition (MEPE). Current Issues in Tourism, 28(14), 2343–2365. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2024.2372652
-
Passas, I. (2024). Bibliometric analysis: The main steps. Encyclopedia, 4(2), 1014–1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020065
-
Qin, M., Shao, X., Hu, C., & Su, C. W. (2025). Can gold hedge against uncertainty in the cryptocurrency and energy markets? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 214, Article 124050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124050
-
Radanliev, P. (2023). Review and comparison of US, EU, and UK regulations on cyber risk/security of the current blockchain technologies: Viewpoint from 2023. The Review of Socionetwork Strategies, 17, 105-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12626-023-00139-x
-
Ressi, D., Romanello, R., Piazza, C., & Rossi, S. (2024). AI-enhanced blockchain technology: A review of advancements and opportunities. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 225, Article 103858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2024.103858
-
Toufaily, E., & Zalan, T. (2024). In blockchain we trust? Demystifying the “trust” mechanism in blockchain ecosystems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 206, Article 123574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123574