Patara ve Ksanthos Vadisi’nin Harry John Johnson’un 1856’sergilenen İki “Caprice” Eserinde Yankısı: “Hierapolis, Asia Minor...” ve “Sardis...”

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8, 725 - 762, 30.06.2020

T. Michael P. Duggan

https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS.202037

Öz

Harry John Johnson’ın 1843-1844 arasında 4 ay süren ve çoğunlukla Likya’da bulunduğu gezisinin 1859 yılında Londra’da sergilenen apokaliptik resimlerinde görülen peyzajların kaynağı olduğu anlaşılıyor. Bunlardan İncil’den alıntılarla isimlendirdiği ikisi, Hierapolis Küçük Asya, “Kenti balabana verip bataklığa çevireceğim, ve, Sardis, “Yaşıyorsun diye ad yapmışsın ama ölüsün”. Hindistan’da İngiliz yönetimine karşı gerçekleşen ayaklanma sonlanmadan önce sergilenmişti. Resimlerin orjinal isimleri zaman içinde değiştirilmiştir. Hierapolis, Yunanistan olarak verilmiş, bir diğer resim Macri 1844 yanlışlıkla Mukri olarak okunmuştur. Fethiye Hasan Paşa Camii’ni konu alan iki ayrı resim ise Johnson’un Likya gezisinde görüp kaydettiği imgeleri 1844’de 18 yaşında Londra’ya dönüşünden 1884’de ölümüne kadar geçen süre içinde de resmetmeye devam ettiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Likya, Patara, Harry John Johnson, Kıyamet, Hristiyan Capriccio

AN ECHO OF PATARA AND THE XANTHUS VALLEY REFLECTED IN TWO WORKS OF CAPRICE BY HARRY JOHNSON, ENTITLED, ‘HIERAPOLIS, ASIA MINOR…’ AND, ‘SARDIS…’ EXHIBITED IN 1859

Öz

Harry John Johnson’s 4 months spent largely in Lycia in 1843-44 seem to have provided the source for the landscapes in his apocalyptic paintings exhibited in London in 1859 entitled: ‘Hierapolis, Asia Minor. “I will make it a possession for the bittern, and pools of water”’, and, ‘Sardis, Thou Hast A Name That Thou Livest, And Art Dead’ — Rev. iii. I.’ Both exhibited before the Indian Mutiny ended. Some corrections are made to the titles that have subsequently been given to his paintings, not least, that Hierapolis is not in Greece but in Asia Minor, and that Macri is today Fethiye in ancient Lycia in southwestern Turkey, and is not Mukri in Turkmenistan. Two previously unidentified depictions of the 1791 Hassan Pasha mosque in Fethiye are noted, together with further evidence to show he remained involved reworking the images he saw and recorded in Lycia from his return to London in 1844 aged 18, over the course of the next forty years, until his death in 1884.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lycia, Patara, Harry Johnson, Apocalypse, Christian Capriccio

Kaynakça

• PECS 1976 Eds. Stillwell, Richard. MacDonald, William L. McAlister, Marian Holland, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J. 1976. Anon. 1824 Anon. The modern traveller, a popular description geographical, historical, and topographical of the various countries of the globe, Syria and Asia Minor, Vol. 2, London, 1824.
• Anon. 1880 Anon. A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries of the British Museum, London, 1880.
• Academy 1885 The Academy and Literature, Vol. 27, London, 1885.
• Anon. 1906 Anon. Bristol Art Gallery, Third Loan Exhibition, Catalogue of the collection of Water-Colour Paintings of the British School Illustrating the Rise and Progress of the Art, Selected from the National Gallery of British Art at the Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, and Lent by the Board of Education. Also other Works on Loan from Private Collections, Bristol, 1906.
• Architect 1876 The Architect: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Art, Civil Engineering and Building, Vol. XVI July-Dec. 1876, London, Oct. 14th, 1876, 233.
• Art 1859 The Art Journal London, March Ist, 1859.
• Art 1867 The Art Journal London, March Ist, 1867.
• Art 1869 The Art Journal London, June Ist,1869.
• Athenaeum 1862 The Athenaeum: A Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music, and the Drama, No. 1790, Feb. 15th 1862.
• Athenaeum 1885 The Athenaeum: A Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music, and the Drama, No. 2989, Feb. 7th 1885.
• BA 1885 The British Architect: A Journal of Architecture and the Accessory Arts 23 (1885).
• Bentley 1859 Eds. C. Dickens, W. H. Ainsworth, A. R. Smith, Bentley’s Miscellany 45 (1859).
• British 1885 The British Architect: A Journal of Architecture and the Accessory Arts 23 (1885).
• Catalogue 1867 Catalogue of Paintings Drawings, Statuary etc. of the Art Department in the Great Central Fair Held in Logan Square, June 1864, for the Benefit of the U. S. Sanitary Commission, Phildelphia, 1867.
• Cornhill 1880 The Cornhill Magazine 42 (1880).
• Dublin 1895a The Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Political Journal 53 (1859).
• Dublin 1895b The Dublin University Magazine: A Literary and Political Journal 54 (1859).
• Exhib. 1880 The Burlington Fine Arts Club. Exhibition of Drawings in Water Colours by Artists Born in or Subsequent to 1800, and now Deceased, Or who, born previous to that date, have died since the Exhibition of the Club in 1871, Illustrative of the Progress and Development of that Branch of the Fine Arts in Great Britain, Printed for The Burlington Fine Arts Club, London 1880.
• ILN 1865 The Illustrated London News 46 (1865).
• ILN 1867 The Illustrated London News 50 Feb. 16th (1867).
• ILN 1870 The Illustrated London News 43 April 30th (1870).
• Literary 1859 The Literary Gazette 33, New Series, Feb. 12th (1859).
• Penny 1846 Supplement to the The Penny Cyclopædia of The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. London 1846.
• Public 1863 Public Opinion 73/vol. III February 14th (1863).
• Saturday Review 1870 Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art 30 December 31st (1870).
• Statham 1885 H. H. Statham, The Builder, An Illustrated Weekly Magazine for the Architect, Engineer, Archaeologist, Constructor, Sanitary Reformer, and Art-Lover; January to June. Vol. 48 (1885).
• Ackerman 1991 G. M. Ackerman, Les orientalistes de l'école britannique, Trad. Y. Thoraval, Les Orientalistes, Tome 9, ISSN 0297-9802 www.acr-edition.com, 1991.
• Allan 1843 J. H. Allan, A Pictorial Tour in the Mediterranean: Including Malta, Dalmatia, Turkey, Asia Minor, Grecian Archipelago, Egypt, Nubia, Greece, Ionian Islands, Sicily, Italy and Spain. London 1843.
• Allom – Walsh 1839 T. Allom – R. Walsh, Constantinople and the Scenery of the Seven Churches of Asia Minor. London 1839.
• Ballantine 1866 J. Ballantine, The Life of David Roberts, R.A.: Compiled from His Journals and Other Sources. Edinburgh 1866.
• Chandler 1825 R. Chandler, Travels in Asia Minor, and Greece. Ed. N. Revett, Vol. I. Oxford 1825.
• Cockerell 1860 C. R. Cockerell, The temples of Jupiter Panhellenius at Aegina and of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae near Phigaleia in Arcadia: to which is add a memoir of the systems of proportion employed in the original design of these structures. London 1860.
• Dalrymple 2006 W. Dalrymple, The Last Mughal: The Fall of a Dynasty, Delhi, 1857. London 2006.
• Duggan 2017 T. M. P. Duggan, “19th century Ottoman Lycia, British travellers’ record of the Cingans-Zincani, the Yurook-Yourooks and Turcomen nomads, on Leeches, Erroneous Titles and Dates”. Cedrus V (2017) 463-530.
• Elliott 1838 C. B. Elliott, Travels in the three great empires of Austria, Russia, and Turkey, Vol. 2. London 1838.
• Ellis – Roe 2008 A. Ellis – S. Roe, Oil paintings in public ownership in Birmingham, Public Catalogue Foundation. 2008.
• Fellows 1839 C. Fellows, A Journal Written During an Excursion in Asia Minor 1838. London 1839.
• Fellows 1847 C. Fellows, Lycia, Caria, Lydia, illustrated by Mr. George Scharf with descriptive letter press by Sir Charles Fellows. London 1847.
• Graves 1884 A. Graves, A Dictionary of Artists who have exhibited works in the principal London exhibitions of oil paintings from 1760-1880. London 1884.
• Graves 1906 A. Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts; a complete dictionary of contributors and their work from its foundation in 1769 to 1904, Compiled with the sanction of the President and Council of the Royal Academy, Harral-Lawranson, Vol. IV. London 1906.
• Graves 1908 A. Graves, The British Institution, 1806-1867; a complete dictionary; a complete dictionary of contributors and their work from the foundation of the institution, 1806-1867. London 1908.
• Greenacre – Stoddard 1991 F. Greenacre – S. Stoddard, W. J. Müller 1812-1845. Exhibition Catalogue, Bristol 1991.
• Hardie 1967 M. Hardie, Watercolour Painting in Britain, Vol. II. New York 1967.
• Holme 1906 J. Clark, The Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours. Ed. C. Holme. London 1906.
• Horne 1836 T. H. Horne, Landscape Illustrations of the Bible, Vol. II. London 1836.
• James II, 1897 R. N. James, Painters and their Works: A Dictionary of Great Artists, Not now alive, their Names, Lives and the prices paid for their works at Auctions, Vol. II. London 1897.
• Lambourne – Hamilton 1980 L. Lambourne – J. Hamilton, British watercolours in the Victoria and Albert Museum: an illustrated summary catalogue of the national collection. Sotheby Parke Bernet 1980.
• MacFarland 1832 C. MacFarland, The Seven Apocalyptic Churches. London 1832.
• Peck 1857 J. Peck, Catalogue of the art treasures of the United Kingdom: collected at Manchester in 1857. London 1857.
• Redford 1904 A. G. Redford, Art Sales: History of Sales of Pictures and Other Works of Art. With Notices of the Collections Sold, Names of Owners, Titles of Pictures, Prices and Purchasers, Arranged Under the Artists of the Different Schools in Order of Date. Including the Purchases and Prices of Pictures for the National Gallery, Vol. 2. London 1904.
• Redgrave 1866 R. & S. Redgrave, A century of painters of the English school; with critical notices of their works, and an account of the progress of art in England, Vol. 2. London 1866.
• Rosenmüller 1841 E. F. C. Rosenmüller, The Biblical Geography of Asia Minor, Phoenicia, and Arabia. Trans. Rev. N. Morren, Thomas Clark. Edinburgh 1841.
• Solly 1875 N. N. Solly, Memoir of the Life of William James Müller, a Native of Bristol, Landscape and Figure Painter, with Original Letters, an Account of his Travels and his Principle Works. London 1875.
• Solly 1875b N. N. Solly, Memoir of the Life of David Cox. London 1875.
• Spratt – Forbes 1847 T. A. B. Spratt - E. Forbes, Travels in Lycia, Milyas, and the Cibyratis, in Company with the Late Rev. E. T. Daniell, Vol. I. London 1847.
• Tromans 2008 N. Tromans (Ed.), The Lure of the East: British Orientalist Painting. Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation, Pera Museum. İstanbul 2008.
• Wallis – Chamberlain 1892 W. Wallis – A. B. Chamberlain, Illustrated catalogue (with descriptive notes) of the permanent collection of paintings in oil and water-colours, and the collection of statuary, and the pictures at Aston hall. Birmingham 1892.
• Wilcox – Newall 1992 S. Wilcox – C. Newall, Victorian Landscape Watercolors, Yale Center for British Art, Cleveland Museum of Art, Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery. New York 1992.
• Wood et al. 2008 C. Wood, C. Newall, M. Richardson, Dictionary of Victorian Painters, Part I, Historical Survey and Plates, Antique Collectors' Club Dictionary of British Art, Vol. 4. 2008.