Prospective Teachers’ Perceptions of Barriers to Technology Integration in Education

Abstract

This study examined the thoughts of preservice teachers about technology integration and collected their ideas about possible barriers to technology integration in education. With this aim, the participants were asked two key questions which are (1) “What does ‘Technology Integration in Education’ mean to you?” and (2) “What might be the possible barriers to technology integration in education?”. A total of 76 preservice teachers, who took the course “Integrating Technology in Education” during their Elementary Teacher Education program took part in the study. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis method in this qualitative study. As a result of the study, it was revealed that preservice teachers have critical perceptions related to technology integration, such as effective use of technology, inclusion of technology in the course curriculum, increasing engagement, visualizing the course content, working with administrators to integrate technology, and being able to teach with technology that cannot be taught beforehand. As for the external and internal barriers, the participants commented that lack of funding/budget, lack of equipment, lack of ability, and time are major barriers to technology integration in education. Unlike the other studies in the relevant literature, preservice teachers stated parents and security as barriers to integrating technology in education.

Keywords

• Technology itegration,Technology use in education,Prospective teachers,Barriers to technology use,Descriptive analysis

Kaynakça

1. Abbitt, J. T. (2011). An investigation of the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs about technology integration and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) among preservice teachers. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 27(4), 134-143.
2. Akkaya, R. (2016). Research on the development of middle school mathematics pre-service teachers’ perceptions regarding the use of technology in teaching mathematics. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 12(4), 861-879.
3. Alkhawaldeh, N. I. & Menchaca, M. (2014). Barriers to utilizing ICT in education in Jordan. International Journal on e-Learning, 13(2), 127-155. Aslan, A. & Zhu, C. (2015). Pre-service teachers’ perceptions of ICT integration in teacher education in Turkey. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 14(3), 97-110.
4. Belanger, F. & Crossler, R. E. (2011). Privacy in the digital age: A review of information privacy research in information systems. MIS Quarterly, 35(4). 1017-1041.
5. Bhasin, B. (2012). Integration of information and communication technologies in enhancing teaching and learning. Contemporary Educational Technology, 3(2), 130-140.
6. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. (2012). Innovation in education: Technology & effective teaching in the U.S. Seattle, WA: Author.
7. Blocher, J. M., Armfield, S. W., Sujo-Montes, L., Tucker, G., & Willis, E. (2011). Contextually based professional development. Computers in the Schools, 28, 158-169.
8. Coleman, P. (2015). Middle school mathematics teachers' perspective of technology integration: A qualitative case study (Unpublished dissertation). College of Education, Walden University, Minnesota, United States.

9. Cullen, T. A. & Greene, B. A. (2011). Preservice teachers’ beliefs, attitudes, and motivation about technology integration. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 45(1), 29-47.
10. Dinc, E. (2017). Differentiated learning environment – A classroom for quadratic equation, function, and graphs. In D. G. Sampson, J. M. Spector, D. Ifenthaler, & P. Isaias (Eds.), CELDA 2017 Cognition and exploratory learning in digital age (pp. 237-240). Algarve, Portugal: International Association for Development of the Information Society. Retrieved on 20 May 2019 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED579395.pdf
11. Drake, J. R. (2016). Asking for Facebook logins: An egoist privacy. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(3), 429-441.
12. Drent, M. & Meelissen, M. (2008). Which factors obstruct or stimulate teacher educators to use ICT innovatively? Computers & Education, 51, 187-199.
13. Duhaney, D. C. (2001). Teacher education: preparing teachers to integrate technology. International Journal of Instructional Media, 28(1), 23-30.
14. Ertmer, P. A. (1999). Addressing first- and second-order barriers to change: Strategies for technology integration. Educational Technology Research and Development, 47(4), 47-61.
15. Ertmer, P. A. (2005). Teacher pedagogical beliefs: The final frontier in our quest for technology integration? Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), 25­39.
16. Ertmer, P. A. & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2013). Removing obstacles to the pedagogical changes required by Jonassen’s vision of authentic technology-enabled learning. Computers & Education, 64, 175-182.
17. Ertmer, P., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A., Sadik, O., Sendurur, E., & Sendurur, P. (2012). Teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship. Computers & Education, 59(2), 423-435.
18. Foster, J., Kelley, P., Pritz, S., & Hodes, C. (2011). CTE's focus on continuous improvement. Techniques: Connecting Education and Careers (J1), 86(4), 28-31.
19. Goktas, Y., Yildirim, S., & Yildirim, Z. (2009). Main barriers and possible enablers of ICTs integration into preservice teacher education programs. Educational Technology & Society, 12(1), 193-204.
20. Gray, L., Thomas, N., & Lewis, L. (2010). Educational Technology in U.S. Public Schools: Fall 2008. U.S. Department of Education, NCES 2010-034.
21. Grunwald Associates LLC. (2013). Living and learning with mobile devices: What parents think about mobile devices for early childhood and K-12 learning. Retrieved on 20 May 2019 from http://www.grunwald.com/pdfs/Grunwald%20Mobile%20Study%20public% 20report.pdf
22. Gulek, J. C. & Demirtas, H. (2005). Learning with technology: The impact of laptop use on student achievement. Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment, 3(2). Retrieved on 20 May 2019 from http://www.jtla.org
23. Harris, W. J. & Smith, L. (2004). Laptop use by seventh grade students with disabilities: Perceptions of special education teachers. Orono, ME: Maine Education Policy Research Institute, University of Maine Office.
24. Hechter, R. P. & Vermette, L. A. (2013). Technology integration in K-12 science classrooms: An analysis of barriers and implications. Themes in Science and Technology Education, 6(2), 73-90.
25. Hennessy, S., Ruthven, K., & Brindley, S. (2007). Teacher perspectives on integrating ICT into subject teaching: Commitment, constraints, caution, and change. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 37, 155-192.
26. Hur, J. W., Shannon, D., & Wolf, S. (2016). An investigation of relationships between internal and external factors affecting technology integration in classrooms. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 32(3), 105-114.
27. Islam, M. S. & Gronlund, A. (2016). An international literature review of 1: 1 computing in schools. Journal of Educational Change, 17(2), 191-222.
28. Kay, R., Knaack, L., & Petrarca, D. (2009). Exploring teachers’ perceptions of web-based learning tools. Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 5(1), 27-50.
29. Keengwe, J., Onchwari, G., & Wachira, P. (2008). Computer technology integration and student learning: barriers and promise. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 17(6), 560-565.
30. Kilinc, E., Tarman, B., & Aydin, H. (2018). Examining Turkish social studies teachers’ beliefs about barriers to technology integration. TechTrends, 62, 221-223.
31. Kim, C., Kim, M. K., Lee, C., Spector, J. M., & DeMeester, K. (2013). Teacher beliefs and technology integration. Teaching & Teacher Education, 29, 76-85.
32. Kimmons, R. & Hall, C. (2016). Toward a broader understanding of teacher technology integration beliefs and values. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 24(3), 309-335.
33. Koh, J. H. L. & Frick, T. W. (2009). Instructor and student classroom interactions during technology skills instruction for facilitating preservice teachers' computer self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 40(2), 211-228.
34. Kopcha, T. J. (2012). Teachers’ perceptions of the barriers to technology integration and practices with technology under situated professional development. Computers & Education, 59(4), 1109-1121.
35. Lei, J. & Zhao, Y. (2008). One-to-one computing: What does it bring to schools? Journal of Educational Computing Research, 39(2), 97-122.
36. Lowther, D. L., Inan, F. A., Strahl, J. D., & Ross, S. M. (2008). Does technology integration “work” when key barriers are removed? Educational Media International, 45(3), 195- 213.
37. Miranda. H. P. & Russell, M. (2012). Understanding factors associated with teacher-directed student use of technology in elementary classrooms: A structural equation modeling approach. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(4), 652-666.
38. Mishra, P. & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017.
39. Moore-Hayes, C. (2011). Technology integration preparedness and its influence on teacher-efficacy. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 37(3). Retrieved on 20 May 2019 from https://www.cjlt.ca/index.php/cjlt/article/view/26351/19533
40. Morgan, P. & Ritter, S. (2002). An experimental study of the effects of Cognitive Tutor® Algebra I on student knowledge and attitude. (Available from Carnegie Learning, Inc., 1200 Penn Avenue, Suite 150, Pittsburgh, PA 15222)
41. National Research Council. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school (Expanded Edition). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
42. Nikolopoulou, K. & Gialamas, V. (2015). Barriers to the integration of computers in early childhood settings: Teachers’ perceptions. Education and Information Technologies, 20(2), 285-301.
43. Ozdemir, M. (2010). Nitel veri analizi: Sosyal bilimlerde yontembilim sorunsali uzerine bir calisma. Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 323-343.
44. Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
45. Pennington, R. G. (2010). Computer-assisted instruction for teaching academic skills to students with autism spectrum disorders: A review of the literature. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 25(4), 239-248.
46. Prasojo, L. D., Habibi, A., Yaakob, M. F. M., Mukminin, A., Haswindy, S., & Sofwan, M. (2019). An explanatory sequential study on Indonesian principals’ perceptions on ICT integration barriers. The Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 17(1), 1-10.
47. Rehmat, A. P. & Bailey, J. M. (2014). Technology integration in a science classroom: Preservice teachers’ perceptions. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 23(6), 744-755.
48. Reigeluth, C. & Joseph, R. (2002). Beyond technology integration: the case for technology transformation. Educational Technology, 42(4), 9­16.
49. Rowan, B., Correnti, R., & Miller, R. (2002). What large-scale survey research tells us about teacher effects on student achievement: Insights from the prospects study of elementary schools. Teachers College Record, 104(8), 1525-1567.
50. Saine, P. (2012). iPods, iPads, and the Smartboard: Transforming literacy instruction and student learning. New England Reading Association Journal, 47(2), 74–79.
51. Scalise, K. (2016). Student collaboration and school educational technology: technology integration practices in the classroom. Journal on School Educational Technology, 11(4), 53-63.
52. Scott, P. & Mouza, C. (2007). The impact of professional development on teacher learning, practice, and leadership skills: A study on the integration of technology in the teaching of writing. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 37(3), 229-266.
53. Shaltry, C., Henriksen, D., Wu, M. L., & Dickson, W. P. (2013). Teaching pre-service teachers to integrate technology: Situated learning with online portfolios, classroom websites, and Facebook. TechTrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 57(3), 20-25.
54. Sheninger, E. (2014). Digital leadership: Changing paradigms for changing times. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin & Ontario Principal’s Council.
55. Smith, H. J., Dinev, T., & Xu, H. (2011). Information privacy research: An interdisciplinary review. MIS Quarterly, 35(4), 989-1015.
56. Stutzman, F., Gross, R., & Acquisti, A. (2013). Silent listeners: The evaluation of privacy and disclosure on Facebook. Journal of Privacy and Confidentiality, 4(2), 7-41.
57. U.S. Department of Education. (2017). Reimagining the role of technology in education: 2017 National Education Technology Plan update. Washington, DC. The author.
58. Vatanartiran, S. & Karadeniz, S. (2015). A needs analysis for technology integration plan: challenges and needs of teachers. Contemporary Educational Technology, 6(3), 206-220.
59. Wong, G. K. W. (2015). Understanding technology acceptance in pre-service teachers of primary mathematics in Hong Kong. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31(6), 713-735.
60. Wood, E., Specht, J., Willoughby, T., & Mueller, M. (2008). Integrating computer technology in early childhood education environments: issues raised by early childhood educators. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 54(2), 210–226.
61. Yildirim, A. & Simsek, H. (2005). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel arastirma yontemleri (5th Edition). Ankara: Seckin.
62. Zehra, R. & Bilwani, A. (2016). Perceptions of teachers regarding technology integration in classroom: A comparative analysis of elite and mediocre schools. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 3(1), 1-29.