A Study on the Perceived Media Literacy Level of Preparatory Year Students in a University Setting

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 416 - 429, 17.10.2019

Duygu İspinar Akcayoglu , Gokce Dislen Daggol

https://doi.org/10.30935/cet.634195

Öz

Media literacy is defined as the ability to encode and decode the
symbols transmitted via media and to synthesize, analyze and produce mediated
messages. Media literacy raises questions about the impact of media and
technology, which has the potential to increase individuals’ awareness about
the effects of media on daily life. The aim of media literacy is to help
students become competent, critical and literate in media forms because they
need to interpret what they see or hear and prevent the interpretation from
controlling them. Therefore, perceptions of students about their media literacy
is a topic that requires attention at various education levels. The present
study aimed to identify preparatory year program students’ self-perceptions
about media literacy and to explore whether they benefited from mass media in
learning a foreign language, English in this context. Data were collected using
Media Literacy Level Determination Scale developed by Karatas (2008). Open-ended
questions that aimed to reveal students’ perceptions of media literacy were
asked with a view to supporting the data obtained from the scale. Both
data collection tools also aimed to find out the factors associated with media
literacy. The findings of the study are believed to open a perspective for the
stakeholders in language teaching process by providing insight into the
university students’ stance towards media literacy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Media literacy, EFL students, Higher education, Preparatory school

Kaynakça

• Abdullah, U. & Rahman, I. F. (2017). The correlation between students’ habit in watching movie and listening skill. ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal), 3(1), 97-106.
• Albay, A. A. M. (2016). Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice: The Use of Films in Language Learning. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 2(3), 13-18.
• Almarabeh, T., Majdalawi, Y. K., & Mohammad, H. (2016). Internet usage, challenges, and attitudes among university students: Case study of the University of Jordan. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 9(12), 577. doi: 10.4236/jsea.2016.912039.
• Aufderheide, P. (1992). Aspen media literacy conference report-part II: Proceedings and next steps. Queenstown: Center for Media Literacy. Retrieved on 10 February 2019 from http://www. medialit. org/reading-room/aspen-media-literacy-conferencereport-part-ii.
• Aufderheide, P., & Firestone, C. M. (1993). Media literacy: A report from the leadership conference on media literacy. Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, Communications and Society Program
• Aydin, S. (2007). Attitudes of EFL learners towards the Internet. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 6(3), 18-26.
• Ayyad, K. (2011). Internet usage vs traditional media usage among university students in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 4(1), 41-61. doi: 10.1386/jammr.4.1.41_1
• Bahrani, T. (2015). Implications of News Segments and Movies for Enhancing Listening Comprehension of Language Learners. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 3(12), 87-96.
• Bashir, S., Mahmood, K., & Shafique, F. (2016). Internet use among university students: a survey in University of the Punjab, Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Information Management & Libraries (PJIM&L), 9(1).
• Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. NursingPlus Open, 2, 8-14.
• Birman, B. F., Kirshstein, R. J., Levin, D. A., Matheson, N., & Stephens, M. (1997). The effectiveness of using technology in K-12 education: A preliminary framework and review. Washington, D.C.: American Institutes for Research.
• Brown, S. K. (2010). Popular films in the EFL classroom: Study of methodology. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 3, 45-54. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.01.
• Burke Johnson, R., Onwueegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Towards a Definition of Mixed Methods Research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689806298224
• Castells, M. (Ed.). (2004). The network society: A cross-cultural perspective. Northampton, MA: Edward Edgar.
• Cela, E. (2017). Movies and their effects in the process of learning a second language. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development, 4(4), 5-17.
• Chong, D. H. (2001). The practical considerations of the Internet in the EFL classroom. The Journal of Multimedia-Assisted Language Learning, 3(2), 9-35.
• Colás Bravo, M. P., Conde Jiménez, J., & González Ramírez, T. (2016). Spanish Teachers’ Perception of Their Own and Their Students’ Digital Competencies In M. P. C. Bravo, J. C. Jimenez, and T. G. Ramirez (Eds.), Beliefs and behaviors in education and culture: Cultural determinants and education (pp.42-53). Bucuresti, Rumania: Pro Universitaira.
• Creswell, John W., and Vicki L. Plano Clark (2007). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Dao, T. N. (2014). Using internet resources for extensive reading in an EFL context. Hawaii Pacific University TESOL Working Paper Series, 12, 72-95.
• Deal, D., Flores-Koulish, S., & Sears, J. (2010). Media literacy teacher talk: Interpretation, value, and implementation. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 1(2), 121-131.
• Devi, C. B., & Roy, N. R. (2012). Internet use among university students: a case study of Assam University Silchar. Pratidhwani-A Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 183-202.
• Duncan, B. (2006). Media literacy: Essential survival skills for the new millennium. School Libraries in Canada, 25(4), 31-34.
• Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107-115. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
• Garrison, R & Kanuka H 2004, Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. Internet and Higher Education, 7, 95-105.
• Ghatty, S. L. (2014). Assessing students’ learning outcomes, self-efficacy and attitudes toward the integration of virtual science laboratory in general physics (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA.
• Heyvaert, M., Maes, B., & Onghena, P. (2013). Mixed methods research synthesis: definition, framework, and potential. Quality & Quantity, 47(2), 659-676. doi:10.1007/s11135-011-9538-6
• Hobbs, R. (2007). Reading the media: Media literacy in high school English. New York: Teachers College Pres.
• Hossain, M. A. & Rahman, M. H. (2017). Comparative study of internet usage among university students: A study of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 13(34). doi: 10.19044/esj.2017.v13n34p134.
• Islam, M. N. (2011). Independent English learning through the Internet. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 2(5), 1080-1085. doi:10.4304/jltr.2.5.1080-1085.
• Jenkins, H., Clinton, K., Purushotma, R., Robinson, A., & Weigel, M. (2009). Confronting the challenges of participatory culture: Media education for the 21st century. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press
• Johnson, A. (2016). Ethnic Media and Changes in Technology: A Secondary Study (Undergraduate honors thesis). University at Albany, SUNY, New York.
• Kabooha, R. H. (2016). Using movies in EFL classrooms: A study conducted at the English Language Institute (ELI), King Abdul-Aziz University. English Language Teaching, 9(3), 248. doi: 10.5539/elt.v9n3p248.
• Kellner, D. & Share, J. (2005). Toward critical media literacy: Core concepts, debates, organizations, and policy. Discourse: Studies in The Cultural Politics of Education, 26(3), 369-386.
• Khan, A. (2015). Using films in the ESL classroom to improve communication skills of non-native learners. ELT Voices, 5(4), 46-52.
• Koltay, T. (2011). The media and the literacies: Media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 211-221.
• Loeschner, I. (2016). Understanding peripheral work connectivity–power and contested spaces in digital workplaces (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)).
• Malerba, M. L. (2011). Social networking in second language learning. In Proceedings of PLE Conference (pp. 1-6). Retrieved on 10 February 2019 from https://www.researchgate. net/publication/277852844_Social_Networking_in_Second_Language_Learning
• Marsick, V.J. & Watkins, K.E. (2001). Informal and incidental learning. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 89, 25-34.
• Martinsson, J. (2009). The role of media literacy in the governance reform agenda. CommGap Discussion Papers. World Bank.
• Meyers, E. M., Erickson, I., & Small, R. V. (2013). Digital literacy and informal learning environments: an introduction. Learning, media and technology, 38(4), 355-367.
• Morris, C., & Chikwa, G. (2014). Screencasts: How effective are they and how do students engage with them? Active Learning in Higher Education, 15(1), 25-37.
• Mraz, M. & Heron, A. H. (2003). Media literacy, popular culture, and the transfer of higher order thinking abilities. Middle School Journal, 34(3), 51-56.
• Park, S. & Burford, S. (2013). A longitudinal study on the uses of mobile tablet devices and changes in digital media literacy of young adults. Educational Media International, 50(4), 266-280, doi: 10.1080/09523987.2013.862365
• Schilder, E. (2013). Theoretical Underpinnings of Media literacy from Communication and Learning Theory. Journal on Images and Culture, 2013(2), 1-14.
• Schmidt, H. (2012). Media literacy education at the university level. Journal of Effective Teaching, 12(1), 64-77.
• Simons, M., Meeus, W., & T'Sas, J. (2017). Measuring Media Literacy for Media Education: Development of a Questionnaire for Teachers' Competencies. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 9(1), 99-115.
• Slavíková, L. (2014). Use of Media in the EFL Classrooms at Secondary Schools in the 21st Century (Diploma thesis). Charles University, Prague.
• Tafani, V. (2009). Teaching English through mass media. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 2(1), 81-95.
• Thorne, S. L. & Reinhardt, J. (2008). Bridging activities, new media literacies, and advanced foreign language proficiency. Calico Journal, 25(3), 558.
• Tuncay, H. (2014). An Integrated Skills Approach Using Feature Movies in EFL at Tertiary Level. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 13(1), 56-63.
• Wood, G. (2004). Academic original sin: Plagiarism, the Internet, and librarians. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 30(3), 237-242.
• Yalcin, N. (2013). Using movies in language classrooms as means of understanding cultural diversity. Epiphany, 6(1), 259-271.
• Yanar, M. O., & Tutunis, B. (2016). The impact of mass media tools on EFL students’speaking skills. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching, 3(1), 2-24.