Evrensel Temel Gelir Deneyi ve Projelerinin Değerlendirilmesine Teorik Bir Bakış

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 154 - 185, 15.07.2021

Hikmet Gülçin Beken

Öz

Evrensel temel gelir, bireylere koşulsuz, sürekli ve düzenli şekilde ödenen nakit desteği ifade etmektedir. Evrensel temel gelirin uygulanmasına yönelik en önemli endişe nasıl finanse edileceğine ilişkin olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Pek çok ülke evrensel temel gelir projelerini belirli dönemler için hayata geçirmekte ve işgücü piyasaları başta olmak üzere yoksulluk ve eşitsizlik üzerindeki etkisini ölçmeye çalışmaktadır. İsviçre’de yapılan referandum ile reddedilen temel gelir kendisine İran, Alaska, Kanada ve Finlandiya gibi ülkelerde uygulama alanı bulmuştur. Bireylerin harcama alışkanlıklarından, işgücüne katılım oranlarına ve beşerî sermaye oluşumuna kadar pek çok alanı etkileyici sonuçlarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Çalışmada bu ülkelerde uygulanan temel gelirin özelliklerine ve sosyo-ekonomik anlamda ortaya çıkardığı sonuçlara yer verilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

evrensel temel gelir projeleri, işgücü piyasaları, refah devletleri

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