Biological Effects of Copper Nanoparticles Synthesized with Myrtus communis L. Extract on Galleria mellonella L. Larvae

Öz

Copper sulfate nanoparticles (CuSO₄ NPs) exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial and fungicidal activity, particularly thanks to Cu2+ ions. Due to recent global problems, green synthesis (biosynthesis) is frequently preferred due to its environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. This approach aimed to green synthesis of CuSO4 (copper sulfate) nanoparticles using the fruit extract of Myrtus communis L. In this study, the effects on the immune system were determined by examining total hemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity in larvae of G. mellonella, a model organism similar to mammals. In phenoloxidase activity studies conducted on Myrtus communis L., a decrease was observed in the extract and 500 ppm concentrations compared to the control group. The 500 ppm group was found to be statistically significant compared to the control and extract groups. These findings suggest that the phenoloxidase enzyme system was suppressed, which may have weakened the defense mechanism related to melanin production. Therefore, the significant decrease observed in the 500 ppm group may have an immunosuppressive or toxic effect on Galleria mellonella L. larvae. When the total hemocyte count of Myrtus communis L. was examined, a decrease was detected at the extract and 500 ppm levels compared to the control group, and this decrease was found to be statistically significant. This decrease in total hemocyte count suggests that copper nanoparticles obtained from Myrtus communis L. may have a detrimental effect on hemolymph cells, potentially weakening the immune system. It is thought that nanoparticles may have a negative effect on the organism's cellular defenses and, at high concentrations, may reduce the immune response.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biochemical activity
• Galleria mellonella L
• Copper sulfate Nanoparticle
• Green Synthesis
• Myrtus communis L.

Myrtus communis L. Ekstresi ile Sentezlenen Bakır Nanopartiküllerin Galleria mellonella L. Larvaları Üzerindeki Biyolojik Etkileri

Öz

Bakır sülfat nanopartikülleri (CuSO₄ NP'leri), özellikle Cu2+ iyonları sayesinde geniş spektrumlu antimikrobiyal ve fungisit etki gösterir. Son zamanlardaki, küresel sorunlar nedeniyle, çevre dostu ve uygun maliyetli olmasıyla yeşil sentez (biyosentez) sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımla, Myrtus communis L. bitkisinin meyve özütü kullanılarak CuSO4 (bakır sülfat) nanopartiküllerinin yeşil sentezi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, memeli canlılara benzerlik gösteren model organizma G. mellonella larvalarında Total hemosit sayımı ve fenoloksidaz aktivitesi incelenmesi sonucunda bağışıklık sistemi üzerine olan etkisi belirlenmiştir. Myrtus communis L. bitkisi üzerinde yapılan fenoloksidaz aktivitesi çalışmalarında, kontrol grubuna göre ekstre ve 500 ppm konsantrasyonunda azalma gözlenmiştir. 500 ppm grubunun kontrol ve ekstre gruplarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu bulgular, fenoloksidaz enzim sisteminin baskılandığını ve bunun da melanin üretimiyle ilgili savunma mekanizmasını zayıflatmış olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu nedenle, 500 ppm grubunda gözlenen anlamlı azalmanın Galleria mellonella L. larvaları üzerinde immünosüpresif veya toksik bir etkisi olabilir. Myrtus communis L. bitkisinin toplam hemosit sayısı incelendiğinde, ekstrakt ve 500 ppm seviyelerinde kontrol grubuna kıyasla bir azalma tespit edilmiş ve bu azalmanın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Toplam hemosit sayısındaki bu azalma, Myrtus communis L.'den elde edilen bakır nanopartiküllerinin hemolenf hücreleri üzerinde zararlı bir etkiye sahip olabileceğini ve potansiyel olarak bağışıklık sistemini zayıflatabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Nanopartiküllerin organizmanın hücresel savunmaları üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olabileceği ve yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bağışıklık yanıtını azaltabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Biyokimyasal aktivite
• Galleria mellonella L.
• Bakır sülfat Nanopartikülü
• Yeşil Sentez
• Myrtus communis L.

Kaynakça

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