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Trump Çağı Türk dış politikası: istisna mı uzun vadeli bir değişimin habercisi mi?

Yıl 2020, , 249 - 270, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.38154/cjas.50

Öz

Bu makale, 2016-2020 dönemi Türk dış politikasını ele almakta ve bu dönemde artan dış politika aktivizmini koşullayan sistemsel ve ülke içi faktörleri incelemektedir. Makale bu konudaki mevcut literatüre birbiriyle bağlantılı şu iki gözlemle katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır: 2016-2020 dönemi Türk dış politikası sistemsel seviyede ve Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri bağlamında değerlendirildiğinde, Trump istisnası sebep değil sonuçtur ve Türk dış politikasındaki yeni yönelimin önemli bir motivasyonu Türkiye’de yönetici seçkinlerin değişen yapısı ve iç ilişkileridir. Bu motivasyon, 15 Temmuz 2016 darbe girişimi sonrası Türk devlet aklına hakim olan yeni keşfedilmiş asabiyye olarak tanımlanabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Al Jazeera Turk. 2016. “Erdoğan: Eğer Misak-ı Milli Diye Bir Derdimiz Varsa...,” 2016. http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/erdogan-eger-misak-i-milli-diye-bir-derdimiz-varsa.
  • Aydın, Cemil. 2017. The Idea of the Muslim World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Aydın, Cemil. 2020. “İslam Dünyası Miti.” Perspektif. 2020. https://www.perspektif.online/islam-dunyasi-miti/.
  • Bagdonas, Azuolas. 2012. “The Geopolitics of Support for Turkey’s EU Accession: A View from Lithuania.” Insight Turkey 14 (3): 177–92.
  • Barnett, Michael N. 2019. “The End of a Liberal International Order That Never Existed.” The Global. 2019.
  • Dahlman, Carl. 2004. “Turkey’s Accession to the European Union: The Geopolitics of Enlargement.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 45 (8): 553–74. https://doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.45.8.553.
  • Dean, Alex. 2017. “The Strange Calm of Greek-Turkish Relations.” Prospect Magazine. 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180222055956/https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/world/the-strange-calm-of-greek-turkish-relations.
  • Donelli, Federico. 2017. “Features, Aims and Limits of Turkey’s Humanitarian Diplomacy.” Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 11 (3): 59–83.
  • Donelli, Federico, and Ariel Gonzalez-Levaggi. 2019. “Becoming Global Actor: The Turkish Agenda for the Global South.” SSRN Electronic Journal 1 (2): 93–115. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3462255.
  • Fukuyama, Francis. 1989. “Tarihin Sonu Mu?” National Interest, no. Yaz. https://panel.kku.edu.tr/Content/sosyoloji/Gelisim/Francis_Fukuyama-The_End_of_History.pdf.
  • Gazete Duvar. 2020. “ABD’nin Eski Suriye Temsilcisi Jeffrey: Erdoğan Ona Dişlerinizi Gösterene Dek Geri Adım Atmaz.” Gazete Duvar. 2020. https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/abdnin-eski-suriye-temsilcisi-jeffrey-erdogan-ona-dislerinizi-gosterene-dek-geri-adim-atmaz-haber-1506925.
  • Haldun, İbn-i. 2004. Mukaddime. Vol. 1. Yeni Şafak. http://library1.nida.ac.th/termpaper6/sd/2554/19755.pdf.
  • Hess, Maximilian. 2020. “The Realist Victory in Nagorno Karabakh.” Foreign Policy Research Institute. 2020.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Hürriyet. 2002. “Dışişleri Bakanı Cem: AB Iki Büyük Hedeften Biri.” Hürriyet. 2002. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/disisleri-bakani-cem-ab-iki-buyuk-hedeften-biri-70786.
  • Ikenberry, G. John. 2002. “America’s Imperial Ambition.” Foreign Affairs 81 (5): 44. https://doi.org/10.2307/20033268.
  • Ikenberry, G. John. 2013. “The Liberal International Order and Its Discontents.” In After Liberalism?, 91–102. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137303769_6.
  • Ikenberry, G. John. 2018. “The End of Liberal International Order?” International Affairs 94 (1): 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241.
  • JFQ Forum. 1995. “The Greater Middle East.” Joint Force Quarterly, no. Autumn.
  • Kaplan, Robert D. 2018. The Return of Marco Polo’s World: War, Strategy, and American Interests in the Twenty-First Century. Random House.
  • Macshane, Denis. 2020. “Turkey Is the Biggest Threat to Europe Today, and the Greeks Need Our Help.” Independent, 2020.
  • Mayer, Sebastian. 2011. “Embedded Politics, Growing Informalization? How NATO and the EU Transform Provision of External Security.” Contemporary Security Policy 32 (2): 308–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2011.590356.
  • McFaul, Michael. 2004. “The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World.” In After the Collapse of Communism, 9:58–95. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511751769.003.
  • Minchev, Ognyan. 2006. “The Case of Turkey in the EU.” IRIS Strategic Papers Collection.
  • Nye, Joseph S. 2005. Yumuşak Güç. Elips Kitap.
  • Orsi, Roberto. 2014. “Order and Change in Global Politics: Assessing the ‘Return of Geopolitics.’”
  • Özdoğan, Mücahit. 2019. “Realizm Ne Neorealizm Bağlamında Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Güvenlik Anlayışının Değerlendirilmesi.” Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi 8 (1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.562934.
  • Phillips, David L. 2005. Unsilencing the Past: Track-Two Diplomacy and Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation. Berghahn Books.
  • Pierini, Marc. 2020. “How Far Can Turkey Challenge NATO and the EU in 2020?” https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Pierini_Turkey.pdf.
  • Rose, Gideon. 1998. “Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy.” World Politics 51 (1): 144–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100007814.
  • Schweller, Randall L. 1998. Deadly Imbalances: Tripolarity and Hitler’s Strategy of World Conquest. Columbia University Press.
  • Šiška, Martin. 2020. “To What Extent Is Turkey a Direct Threat to Europe.” Czech Army & Defence Magazine, 2020.
  • Snyder, Jack. 2009. “One World, Rival Theories.” Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/26/one-world-rival-theories/.
  • Szuba, Jared. 2020. “Outgoing Syria Envoy Reflects on Turkey, the Kurds and What Everyone Got Wrong.” Al-Monitor. 2020. https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/12/trump-syria-envoy-jeffrey-mideast-policy-turkey-erdogan.html.
  • TC Dışişleri Bakanlığı AB Başkanlığı. 2020. “Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinin Tarihçesi.” TC Dışişleri Bakanlığı Resmi Web Sitesi. 2020. https://www.ab.gov.tr/turkiye-ab-iliskilerinin-tarihcesi_111.html.
  • Techau, Jan. 2019. “Why the EU Can’t Do Security and Defence.” Euobserver. 2019. https://euobserver.com/opinion/146369.
  • Theophylactou, Demetrios A. 2012. “Geopolitics, Turkey’s EU Accession Course and Cyprus: Power Balances and ‘Soft Power’ Calculations.” Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea 12 (1): 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2012.662346.
  • Trofimov, Yaroslav, and Laurence Norman. 2020. “European Unity Is Tested by Threats From Russia, Turkey.” The Wall Street Journal, 2020. https://www.wsj.com/articles/european-unity-is-tested-by-threats-from-russia-turkey-11604316401.
  • Yılmaz, Eren Alper, and Ahmet Akbulut. 2016. “Küreselleşme Sürecinde Ulus-Devletin Rolü Ulus-Devletler Güçleniyor Mu? The Role Of The Natıon-States In Globalization Process Do The Nation States Gain Power?” Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 (16): 71. https://doi.org/10.20875/sb.47221.
  • Zakaria, Fareed. 1998. From Wealth to Power. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzcz5bq.

Turkish foreign policy during the Trump Era: an exception or a precursor for a long-term change?

Yıl 2020, , 249 - 270, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.38154/cjas.50

Öz

This article discusses the 2016-2020 period Turkish foreign policy and explores the systemic and domestic factors conditioning the foreign policy activism of this period. The aim of the article is to contribute to the existing literature with two interrelated observations: that the characterizing factors of the 2016-2020 period Turkish foreign policy are, on the international level, the covert United States approval which has been falsely attributed to the Trump exception, and on the domestic level, the newly found asabiyyah that has captured the senses of the Turkish state after the failed coup attempt of 15 July 2016.

Kaynakça

  • Al Jazeera Turk. 2016. “Erdoğan: Eğer Misak-ı Milli Diye Bir Derdimiz Varsa...,” 2016. http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/erdogan-eger-misak-i-milli-diye-bir-derdimiz-varsa.
  • Aydın, Cemil. 2017. The Idea of the Muslim World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Aydın, Cemil. 2020. “İslam Dünyası Miti.” Perspektif. 2020. https://www.perspektif.online/islam-dunyasi-miti/.
  • Bagdonas, Azuolas. 2012. “The Geopolitics of Support for Turkey’s EU Accession: A View from Lithuania.” Insight Turkey 14 (3): 177–92.
  • Barnett, Michael N. 2019. “The End of a Liberal International Order That Never Existed.” The Global. 2019.
  • Dahlman, Carl. 2004. “Turkey’s Accession to the European Union: The Geopolitics of Enlargement.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 45 (8): 553–74. https://doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.45.8.553.
  • Dean, Alex. 2017. “The Strange Calm of Greek-Turkish Relations.” Prospect Magazine. 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180222055956/https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/world/the-strange-calm-of-greek-turkish-relations.
  • Donelli, Federico. 2017. “Features, Aims and Limits of Turkey’s Humanitarian Diplomacy.” Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 11 (3): 59–83.
  • Donelli, Federico, and Ariel Gonzalez-Levaggi. 2019. “Becoming Global Actor: The Turkish Agenda for the Global South.” SSRN Electronic Journal 1 (2): 93–115. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3462255.
  • Fukuyama, Francis. 1989. “Tarihin Sonu Mu?” National Interest, no. Yaz. https://panel.kku.edu.tr/Content/sosyoloji/Gelisim/Francis_Fukuyama-The_End_of_History.pdf.
  • Gazete Duvar. 2020. “ABD’nin Eski Suriye Temsilcisi Jeffrey: Erdoğan Ona Dişlerinizi Gösterene Dek Geri Adım Atmaz.” Gazete Duvar. 2020. https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/abdnin-eski-suriye-temsilcisi-jeffrey-erdogan-ona-dislerinizi-gosterene-dek-geri-adim-atmaz-haber-1506925.
  • Haldun, İbn-i. 2004. Mukaddime. Vol. 1. Yeni Şafak. http://library1.nida.ac.th/termpaper6/sd/2554/19755.pdf.
  • Hess, Maximilian. 2020. “The Realist Victory in Nagorno Karabakh.” Foreign Policy Research Institute. 2020.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. 1996. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Hürriyet. 2002. “Dışişleri Bakanı Cem: AB Iki Büyük Hedeften Biri.” Hürriyet. 2002. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/disisleri-bakani-cem-ab-iki-buyuk-hedeften-biri-70786.
  • Ikenberry, G. John. 2002. “America’s Imperial Ambition.” Foreign Affairs 81 (5): 44. https://doi.org/10.2307/20033268.
  • Ikenberry, G. John. 2013. “The Liberal International Order and Its Discontents.” In After Liberalism?, 91–102. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137303769_6.
  • Ikenberry, G. John. 2018. “The End of Liberal International Order?” International Affairs 94 (1): 7–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix241.
  • JFQ Forum. 1995. “The Greater Middle East.” Joint Force Quarterly, no. Autumn.
  • Kaplan, Robert D. 2018. The Return of Marco Polo’s World: War, Strategy, and American Interests in the Twenty-First Century. Random House.
  • Macshane, Denis. 2020. “Turkey Is the Biggest Threat to Europe Today, and the Greeks Need Our Help.” Independent, 2020.
  • Mayer, Sebastian. 2011. “Embedded Politics, Growing Informalization? How NATO and the EU Transform Provision of External Security.” Contemporary Security Policy 32 (2): 308–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2011.590356.
  • McFaul, Michael. 2004. “The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World.” In After the Collapse of Communism, 9:58–95. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511751769.003.
  • Minchev, Ognyan. 2006. “The Case of Turkey in the EU.” IRIS Strategic Papers Collection.
  • Nye, Joseph S. 2005. Yumuşak Güç. Elips Kitap.
  • Orsi, Roberto. 2014. “Order and Change in Global Politics: Assessing the ‘Return of Geopolitics.’”
  • Özdoğan, Mücahit. 2019. “Realizm Ne Neorealizm Bağlamında Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Güvenlik Anlayışının Değerlendirilmesi.” Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi 8 (1): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.562934.
  • Phillips, David L. 2005. Unsilencing the Past: Track-Two Diplomacy and Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation. Berghahn Books.
  • Pierini, Marc. 2020. “How Far Can Turkey Challenge NATO and the EU in 2020?” https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Pierini_Turkey.pdf.
  • Rose, Gideon. 1998. “Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy.” World Politics 51 (1): 144–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100007814.
  • Schweller, Randall L. 1998. Deadly Imbalances: Tripolarity and Hitler’s Strategy of World Conquest. Columbia University Press.
  • Šiška, Martin. 2020. “To What Extent Is Turkey a Direct Threat to Europe.” Czech Army & Defence Magazine, 2020.
  • Snyder, Jack. 2009. “One World, Rival Theories.” Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/26/one-world-rival-theories/.
  • Szuba, Jared. 2020. “Outgoing Syria Envoy Reflects on Turkey, the Kurds and What Everyone Got Wrong.” Al-Monitor. 2020. https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/12/trump-syria-envoy-jeffrey-mideast-policy-turkey-erdogan.html.
  • TC Dışişleri Bakanlığı AB Başkanlığı. 2020. “Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinin Tarihçesi.” TC Dışişleri Bakanlığı Resmi Web Sitesi. 2020. https://www.ab.gov.tr/turkiye-ab-iliskilerinin-tarihcesi_111.html.
  • Techau, Jan. 2019. “Why the EU Can’t Do Security and Defence.” Euobserver. 2019. https://euobserver.com/opinion/146369.
  • Theophylactou, Demetrios A. 2012. “Geopolitics, Turkey’s EU Accession Course and Cyprus: Power Balances and ‘Soft Power’ Calculations.” Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea 12 (1): 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2012.662346.
  • Trofimov, Yaroslav, and Laurence Norman. 2020. “European Unity Is Tested by Threats From Russia, Turkey.” The Wall Street Journal, 2020. https://www.wsj.com/articles/european-unity-is-tested-by-threats-from-russia-turkey-11604316401.
  • Yılmaz, Eren Alper, and Ahmet Akbulut. 2016. “Küreselleşme Sürecinde Ulus-Devletin Rolü Ulus-Devletler Güçleniyor Mu? The Role Of The Natıon-States In Globalization Process Do The Nation States Gain Power?” Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 (16): 71. https://doi.org/10.20875/sb.47221.
  • Zakaria, Fareed. 1998. From Wealth to Power. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvzcz5bq.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi, Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Görüş yazıları
Yazarlar

Serap Güneş Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8344-0981

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Güneş, Serap. “Trump Çağı Türk dış politikası: Istisna Mı Uzun Vadeli Bir değişimin Habercisi Mi?”. Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies 2, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 249-70. https://doi.org/10.38154/cjas.50.