ABD’nin Çin’i tanımayı reddetmesi (1949-1979)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 3 - 19, 30.06.2020

Michael M. Gunter

https://doi.org/10.38154/cjas.35

Öz

Bu çalışma Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’ni (ÇHC) Mao Zedong tarafından 1949 yılında kuruluşunu takip eden otuz yıl boyunca tanımayı neden reddettiğini incelemektedir. ABD’nin geleneksel milli karakteri, bu ülkenin ÇHC’ye karşı olan tutumunu etkilemiştir. ABD, Çin’in dünya toplumunun sorumlu bir ferdi olmadığını, bu nedenle tanınmayı hak etmediğini iddia etmiştir. Yirmi yıldan daha uzun bir süre boyunca ABD Birleşmiş Milletler nezdinde ÇHC’nin Çin’i temsil etmemesini amaçlayarak üye ülkeler üzerinde siyasi, iktisadi ve diplomatik baskı oluşturmuştur. Bu durum Nixon iktidarı zamanında Çin’in dünya siyasetindeki artan önemin paralel olarak “tanımama” politikasının miadını doldurduğunun ve ABD’ye zarar verdiğinin anlaşılmasıyla değişmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışma, birincil ve ikincil kaynaklar üzerinden ABD’nin ÇHC’yi tanımama politikasını analiz ederek günümüzde ABD-Çin ilişkilerinin daha iyi kavranmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti, ABD dış politikası, ABD-Çin ilişkileri, Soğuk Savaş siyaseti

US Refusal to Recognize China (1949–1979)

Öz

This paper scrutinizes why the United States (US) refused to recognize the People’s Republic of China (PRC) for three decades after its foundation by Mao Zedong in 1949. The traditional national character influenced the position of the US toward the PRC, especially in light of its abhorrence of communism and its doctrine to contain its spread. For both domestic and foreign reasons, the US argued that China was not a responsible member of the world community, and thus deserved no recognition. For more than two decades, the US applied political, economic and diplomatic pressure on the United Nations to refuse the PRC the right to represent China. The situation only began to change when the Nixon administration realized how its non-recognition policy was becoming increasingly outdated and self-defeating, given China’s growing importance in international affairs. This paper will use a variety of primary and secondary sources to analyze the US policy of non-recognition of the PRC, providing the background for a better comprehension of contemporary Sino-American relations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

People’s Republic of China, US foreign policy, US-China relations, Cold War politics

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