Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Nazilerin ekofaşist mirası: aşırı sağ ekolojilerin tarihsel kökenleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 136 - 151, 31.12.2022

Öz

Almanya, ırkçılık/milliyetçilik ve doğayı koruma konusunda kendine özgü bir tarihsel yola sahip olmakla kalmayıp, bu kavramları ilişkilendirme konusunda da özgün bir karaktere sahiptir. Aynı coğrafyada hem çevre koruma/duyarlılığının dile getirilmesi ve örgütlenmesi hem de şimdiye kadar tanık olunan belki de en korkunç siyasi/ırkçı deneyimin gözlemlenebilmesi son derece ilgi çekicidir. Dahası, bu ikisi arasında teorik bir ilişki bulunduğuna yönelik verilerin olduğu izlenimi ihtimali de endişe vericidir. Öyle ki, söz konusu deneyim üzerinden hareketle, çevrecilik ve faşizmin karmaşık bir uyum içerisinde olduğu sonucuna varmak ilk bakışta son derece mümkün görünmektedir. Ancak bu uyumun sorgulanması ve analiz edilmesi, farklı bir sonucu işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışma, faşist ideoloji ve pratiğin tarihsel 'miras'ını ve sürecini, yani Nazi ideolojisini ve iktidarını tartışarak, aşırı sağ siyasetteki yeşil fikirlerin çevresel tarihine odaklanmayı amaçlamaktadır. Nazi Ekolojisi tarafından hem teorik hem de pratik anlamda yansıtılan ırkçılık/milliyetçilik ve doğayı koruma/çevresel 'duyarlılık' kavramlarını ilişkilendirme politikalarının irdelenmesi ve ifşası; siyasi partilere, ideolojilere, toplumsal hareketlere ve siyasal ekolojilere yön veren günümüz aşırı sağ düşüncesinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için her zamankinden daha hayati hale gelmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Bassin, M. 2005. Blood or soil? The Völkisch movement in the Nazis and the legacy of geopolitik. In Bruggemeier F-J, Cioc M & Zeller T (eds.) How green were the Nazis? Nature, environment and nation in the Third Reich, Ohio University Press.
  • Bramwell, A. 1984. “Darre. Was This Man ‘Father of Greens’?,” History Today, Vol.34, s. 7-13.
  • Bramwell, A. 1985. Blood, and soil Richard Walter Darre and Hitler’s ‘Green Party’, Buckinghamshire, The Kensal Press.
  • Clossmann, CE .2005. Legalizing a Volksgemeinschaft. Bruggemeier F-J, Cioc M & Zeller T (eds.) How green were the Nazis? Nature, environment and nation in the Third Reich, Ohio University Press.
  • Ditt, K. 2000. “The perception and conservation of nature in the Third Reich,”. Planning Perspectives. 15(2): 161-187.
  • Dominick, III R. 1992. The environmental movement in Germany: prophets and pioneers 1871-1971. Indiana, Indiana University Press.
  • Ferry, L. 2000. Ekolojik Yeni Düzen. İstanbul, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Frei, N. 1993. National Socialist rule in Germany: The Führer state 1933-1945. Massachussets, Blackwell Publishers.
  • Kuran, H. 2018. Nazi Ekolojisi. Ankara, Ekoloji Kolektifi.
  • Lekan, TM. 2004. Imagining the nation in Nature: landscape preservation and German identity 1885-1945. Massachusetts, Harvard University Press.
  • Overy, RJ. 1975. Cars, Roads and Economic Recovery in Germany 1932-1938. The Economic History Review, 28(3): 466-483.
  • Pepper, D. 2001. Roots of Modern Environmentalism. Washington, Croom Helm.
  • Staudenmeier, P. 1995. Fascist ideology: the “Green Wing” of the Nazi party and its historical antecendents. In Biehl J & Staudenmeier P (eds) Ecofascism Lessons From The German Experience. Edinburgh, AK Press.
  • Uekötter, F. 2007. Green Nazis? Reassessing the environmental history of Nazi Germany. German Studies Review. 30(2): 267-287.
  • Voth, H-J. and Voigtlander, N. 2014. Nazi Pork And Popularity: How Hitler’s Roads Won German Hearts And Minds. VOX CEPR Policy Portal. https://voxeu.org/article/nazipork-and-popularity-how-hitler-s-roadswon-german-hearts-and-minds (accessed 17 November 2019)

The ecofascist legacy of the Nazis: historical roots of far-right ecologies

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 136 - 151, 31.12.2022

Öz

Aside from its unique historical path in regard to racism/nationalism and the protection of nature, Germany has also an original character in how it associates these concepts. Observing a concern with environmental protection/sensitiveness and the most terrifying political/racist regime ever witnessed in the same geography, and the establishment of a theoretical interface between the two, is a matter of considerable concern. While it can be concluded that environmentalism and fascism were in a complex alignment, the conclusion drawn after questioning and analyzing the nature of the alignment is rather different. This paper focuses on the environmental history of green ideas in far-right politics through a discussion of the historical ‘legacy’ and development of the fascist ideology and practice, namely the Nazi ideology and political period. Taking into consideration that Germany historically followed a unique path toward the concepts of racism/nationalism, and nature protection/environmental ‘sensitivity’ that reverberated within the Nazi Ecology, both theoretically and in practice, their scrutiny becomes vital if we are to understand the nature of the far-right thinking that leads today’s political parties, ideologies, social movements and political ecologies.

Kaynakça

  • Bassin, M. 2005. Blood or soil? The Völkisch movement in the Nazis and the legacy of geopolitik. In Bruggemeier F-J, Cioc M & Zeller T (eds.) How green were the Nazis? Nature, environment and nation in the Third Reich, Ohio University Press.
  • Bramwell, A. 1984. “Darre. Was This Man ‘Father of Greens’?,” History Today, Vol.34, s. 7-13.
  • Bramwell, A. 1985. Blood, and soil Richard Walter Darre and Hitler’s ‘Green Party’, Buckinghamshire, The Kensal Press.
  • Clossmann, CE .2005. Legalizing a Volksgemeinschaft. Bruggemeier F-J, Cioc M & Zeller T (eds.) How green were the Nazis? Nature, environment and nation in the Third Reich, Ohio University Press.
  • Ditt, K. 2000. “The perception and conservation of nature in the Third Reich,”. Planning Perspectives. 15(2): 161-187.
  • Dominick, III R. 1992. The environmental movement in Germany: prophets and pioneers 1871-1971. Indiana, Indiana University Press.
  • Ferry, L. 2000. Ekolojik Yeni Düzen. İstanbul, Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Frei, N. 1993. National Socialist rule in Germany: The Führer state 1933-1945. Massachussets, Blackwell Publishers.
  • Kuran, H. 2018. Nazi Ekolojisi. Ankara, Ekoloji Kolektifi.
  • Lekan, TM. 2004. Imagining the nation in Nature: landscape preservation and German identity 1885-1945. Massachusetts, Harvard University Press.
  • Overy, RJ. 1975. Cars, Roads and Economic Recovery in Germany 1932-1938. The Economic History Review, 28(3): 466-483.
  • Pepper, D. 2001. Roots of Modern Environmentalism. Washington, Croom Helm.
  • Staudenmeier, P. 1995. Fascist ideology: the “Green Wing” of the Nazi party and its historical antecendents. In Biehl J & Staudenmeier P (eds) Ecofascism Lessons From The German Experience. Edinburgh, AK Press.
  • Uekötter, F. 2007. Green Nazis? Reassessing the environmental history of Nazi Germany. German Studies Review. 30(2): 267-287.
  • Voth, H-J. and Voigtlander, N. 2014. Nazi Pork And Popularity: How Hitler’s Roads Won German Hearts And Minds. VOX CEPR Policy Portal. https://voxeu.org/article/nazipork-and-popularity-how-hitler-s-roadswon-german-hearts-and-minds (accessed 17 November 2019)
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hikmet Kuran 0000-0001-8236-8631

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Kuran, Hikmet. “The Ecofascist Legacy of the Nazis: Historical Roots of Far-Right Ecologies”. Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies 4, sy. 2 (Aralık 2022): 136-51.