Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü’nün Orta Asya'daki yükselişi: Rusya ve Çin’in Türk Cumhuriyetleri üzerindeki işbirliğinin mi yoksa rekabetinin mi aracı?

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 175 - 193, 31.12.2022

Öz

Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü, yeni üyeler, gözlemci devlet ya da NATO üyesi
Türkiye dahil diyalog üyeliği gibi devletlerin katılımı ile kademeleri olarak
bölgede gücünü ve etkisini artırmaktadır. Ancak esas konu söz konusu örgütün
muallak politikaları sorununu çözüp çözemeyeceği ve bölgede batılı devletlerle
etkin bir şekilde mücadele edip edemeyeceğidir. Önümüzdeki dönemde Rusya
ve Çin arasında işbirliği mi yoksa rekabet mi göreceğiz? Bu durum Türk
Cumhuriyetlerinin bölgesel politikalarını nasıl etkileyecek? Şangay İşbirliği
Örgütü’nün ekonomik, enerji ve güvenlik politikaları bu zamana kadar bölgede
etkin bir rol oynamıştır. Çalışma bölgedeki rekabeti de vurgulayarak bu
politikaları ele almaktadır. Çalışma esas olarak Rusya ve Çin’in çıkarlarının ve
işbirliğinin aynı yönde olduğu durumlarda bölgesel çatışmanın bölgesel
işbirliğine dönüşerek ŞİÖ’nün güçlenmesini sağladığını, Pakistan, Hindistan ve
İran gibi yeni üyelerin katılımının örgütün bölgede özellikle siyasi ve ekonomik
anlamda baskın güç olmasına imkan verdiğini ileri sürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • "Afghanistan asks China for full SCO Membership". Tolonews, January 27, 2016. https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/afghanistan-asks-china-full-sco-membership
  • "China in Central Asia: Rising China, sinking Russia". The Economist, September 14, 2013. retrieved November 26, 2021 from http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21586304-vast-region-chinas-economic-clout-more-match-russias-rising-china-sinking
  • "China’s to persuade SCO member states for Afghanistan’s early membership in SCO". Asia News, August 16, 2016. retrieved January 02, 2021 from http://www.asianews.af/en/5745/
  • "Is it American democracy or American arbitrariness?". People's Daily, April 26, 2005. retrieved January 9, 2022 from http://en.people.cn/200504/26/eng20050426_182771.html
  • "Nuclear Deal eliminates barriers for Iran to join SCO". Sputnik News, February 26, 2016.
  • "President Erdoğan: EU not everything, Turkey may join Shanghai Five". Hurriyet Daily News, November 20, 2016. retrieved January 16, 2022 from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/president-erdogan-eu-not-everything-turkeymay-join-shanghai-five.aspx?PageID=238&NID=106321&NewsCatID=338
  • "Russia's Putin says no obstacles for Iran to join SCO". Reuters, June 24, 2016. retrieved November 12, 2021, from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-uzbekistan-sco-russiairan-idUSKCN0ZA0YQ
  • "SCO Energy Club: structure ready for international interaction, not Shanghai Six’s elite club". InfoShos, March 27, 2013. retrieved February 02, 2022 from http://infoshos.ru/en/?idn=13913
  • "SCO is not an elite club – Medvedev". RT, June 16, 2011. retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.rt.com/politics/medvedev-sco-summit-astana/
  • "SCO to consider Iran's accession after India, Pakistan". Sputnik News, May 24, 2016. retrieved December 06, 2021 from https://sputniknews.com/world/201605241040174817-sco-iran-india-pakistan/
  • "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO): An Overview". Foreign and Commonwealth Office, April 2005. retrieved February 23 2021 from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/446524/SCO_-Overview.pdf
  • "Turkey and The Shanghai Cooperation Organization Dialogue Partnership Memorandum was signed in Almaty". MFA Turkey. retrieved December 12, 2021, from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-and-the-shanghai-cooperation-organization-dialoguepartnership-memorandum-was-signed-in-almaty.en.mfa
  • “China-Central Asia trade grew by 100 times over 30 years: ministry”. Xinhua, January 17, 2022. retrieved February 14, 2022, from http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/20220117/7ae337fb28f64be9a8e3c55170990ddf/c.html
  • “Declaration of Heads of Member States of SCO”. China Daily, July 05, 2005. retrieved November 24, 2021, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-06/12/content_6020345.html
  • “SCO members will continue consultations on establishing Development Bank —statement”. TASS News Agency, September 17, 2021. retrieved January 02, 2022, from https://tass.com/economy/1339245
  • Bailes, Alyson J. K. and Pál Dunay, The Shanghai Cooperation Organization as a regional security 1 institution, Alyson J. K. Bailes, Pál Dunay, Pan Guang and Mikhail Troitskiy (eds), The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SIPRI, Policy Paper No. 17, May 2007.
  • Cafiero, Giorgio. 2021. “AUKUS puts pressure on Gulf countries trying to balance US and China”. TRT World, September 23, 2021. retrieved January 26, 2021 from https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/aukus-puts-pressure-on-gulf-countries-trying-to-balance-us-and-china-50176
  • Eguegu, Ovigwe and Javairyah Kulthum Aatif. 2002. “Iran’s Membership Raises the SCO’s Profile – and Expectations”. The Diplomat, September 21, 2002. retrieved February 22, 2022 from https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/irans-membership-raisesthe-scos-profile-and-expectations/
  • Fassihi, Farnaz and Steven Lee Myers. 2021. “China, With $400 Billion Iran Deal, Could Deepen Influence in Mideast”, The New York Times, March 29, 2021.
  • Ivanov, Sergei. 2005. “The World in the 21st Century: Addressing New Threats and Challenges”. Council on Foreign Relations, January 13, 2005. retrieved December 26, 2021, from http://www.cfr.org/global/world-21st-century-addressing-new-threatschallenges/p7611
  • Kırıkçıoğlu, Mustafa. 2016. "Russia, China give green light after Ankara highlights SCO option". Daily Sabah, November 21, 2016. retrieved December 14, 2021 from http://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2016/11/21/russia-china-give-green-lightafter-ankara-highlights-sco-option
  • Malik, Mohan. 2010. "Shanghai Cooperation Organization", Sumit Ganguly, Andrew Scobell and Joseph Chinyong Liow (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Asian Security Studies, Oxon, Routledge, pp.72-86.
  • Marketos, Thrassy N. 2008. China’s Energy Geopolitics: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Central Asia. Oxon: Routledge.
  • Mazumdaru, Srinivas. 2016. “India, Pakistan and the SCO expansion”. Deutsche Welle, June 22, 2016. retrieved January 08, 2022, from https://www.dw.com/en/indiapakistan-and-the-sco-expansion/a-19347657
  • Mearsheimer, John. 2016. “Shanghai Cooperation Organization was never designed to compete with NATO”. RT, July 05, 2016.
  • Pantucci, Raffaello. 2015. "Looking West: China and Central Asia". Testimony before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, March 18, 2015. retrieved December 28 2021 from http://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/USCC%20Testimony_Pantucci_China%20in%20Central%20Asia_March%202015.pdf
  • Patnaik, Ajay. 2016. Central Asia: Geopolitics, Security and Stability. Oxon: Routledge.
  • Peimani, Hooman. 2009. Conflict and Security in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Santa Barbara, Greenwood.
  • Putin, Vladimir. (2022). “Russia and China: A Future-Oriented Strategic Partnership”. Xinhua, February 03, 2022.
  • Reeves, Jeffrey. 2014. "SCO: A Tenable Provider of Security in Post-2014 Central Asia?". Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, June 2014.
  • Shlyndov, Alexander. (2006). "Certain Aspects of Russian–Chinese Collaboration in the International Arena". Far Eastern Affairs, Vol. 34, No:2: 68-81.
  • Song, Weiqing. 2014. "Interests, Power and China's Difficult Game in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)". Journal of Contemporary China, Vol.23, No.85: 85-101.
  • Standish, Reid. 2015. "China and Russia Lay Foundation for Massive Economic Cooperation". Foreign Policy, 10 July 2015. retrieved January 02, 2022 from http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/07/10/china-russia-sco-ufa-summit-putin-xi-jinpingeurasian-union-silk-road/
  • Tafazzoli, Bijan. 2021. “Iran poised to become a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization”. Yeni Şafak, September 24, 2021.
  • Tirone, Jonathan. 2001. “Iran Set for Entry Into Expanding Club Led by China and Russia”. Bloomberg, September 16, 2001. retrieved January 02, 2022 from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-16/iran-set-for-entry-intoexpanding-club-led-by-china-and-russia
  • Zengin, Dilara. 2016. "Turkey to chair presidency of 2017 SCO Energy Club". Anadolu Ajansı, 23 November 23, 2016. retrieved January 24, 2021 from http://aa.com.tr/en/economy/turkey-to-chair-presidency-of-2017-sco-energy-club-/691831
  • Ziegler, Charles E. 2010. "Russia and China in Central Asia", James A. Bellacqua (ed.). The Future of China-Russia relations, Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2010: 233- 265

The rise of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Central Asia: a tool of cooperation or competition between Russia and China over the Turkic States?

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 175 - 193, 31.12.2022

Öz

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is gradually
increasing its power and influence in the region through the addition of new
members, and new states with observer or dialog status, including NATO
member Turkey. The main question is whether the organization will achieve its
blurring policies and compete effectively with the West in the region. Will we
see a new era of cooperation or competition in Central Asia between Russia and
China in the upcoming period? And how will the regional politics of the Turkic
states be affected? The SCO’s economic, energy and security policies have been
especially effective in dominating the region to date. This paper presents an
analysis of these policies with focus on the regional competition among the
member states. It argues primarily that the SCO has grown in strength as a
result of the convergence of Russian and Chinese interests and politics, turning
regional competition into regional cooperation, and that the organization will
come to dominate the region, especially politically and economically, with the
accession of new members Pakistan and India, and the imminent accession of
Iran.

Kaynakça

  • "Afghanistan asks China for full SCO Membership". Tolonews, January 27, 2016. https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/afghanistan-asks-china-full-sco-membership
  • "China in Central Asia: Rising China, sinking Russia". The Economist, September 14, 2013. retrieved November 26, 2021 from http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21586304-vast-region-chinas-economic-clout-more-match-russias-rising-china-sinking
  • "China’s to persuade SCO member states for Afghanistan’s early membership in SCO". Asia News, August 16, 2016. retrieved January 02, 2021 from http://www.asianews.af/en/5745/
  • "Is it American democracy or American arbitrariness?". People's Daily, April 26, 2005. retrieved January 9, 2022 from http://en.people.cn/200504/26/eng20050426_182771.html
  • "Nuclear Deal eliminates barriers for Iran to join SCO". Sputnik News, February 26, 2016.
  • "President Erdoğan: EU not everything, Turkey may join Shanghai Five". Hurriyet Daily News, November 20, 2016. retrieved January 16, 2022 from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/president-erdogan-eu-not-everything-turkeymay-join-shanghai-five.aspx?PageID=238&NID=106321&NewsCatID=338
  • "Russia's Putin says no obstacles for Iran to join SCO". Reuters, June 24, 2016. retrieved November 12, 2021, from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-uzbekistan-sco-russiairan-idUSKCN0ZA0YQ
  • "SCO Energy Club: structure ready for international interaction, not Shanghai Six’s elite club". InfoShos, March 27, 2013. retrieved February 02, 2022 from http://infoshos.ru/en/?idn=13913
  • "SCO is not an elite club – Medvedev". RT, June 16, 2011. retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.rt.com/politics/medvedev-sco-summit-astana/
  • "SCO to consider Iran's accession after India, Pakistan". Sputnik News, May 24, 2016. retrieved December 06, 2021 from https://sputniknews.com/world/201605241040174817-sco-iran-india-pakistan/
  • "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO): An Overview". Foreign and Commonwealth Office, April 2005. retrieved February 23 2021 from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/446524/SCO_-Overview.pdf
  • "Turkey and The Shanghai Cooperation Organization Dialogue Partnership Memorandum was signed in Almaty". MFA Turkey. retrieved December 12, 2021, from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey-and-the-shanghai-cooperation-organization-dialoguepartnership-memorandum-was-signed-in-almaty.en.mfa
  • “China-Central Asia trade grew by 100 times over 30 years: ministry”. Xinhua, January 17, 2022. retrieved February 14, 2022, from http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/20220117/7ae337fb28f64be9a8e3c55170990ddf/c.html
  • “Declaration of Heads of Member States of SCO”. China Daily, July 05, 2005. retrieved November 24, 2021, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-06/12/content_6020345.html
  • “SCO members will continue consultations on establishing Development Bank —statement”. TASS News Agency, September 17, 2021. retrieved January 02, 2022, from https://tass.com/economy/1339245
  • Bailes, Alyson J. K. and Pál Dunay, The Shanghai Cooperation Organization as a regional security 1 institution, Alyson J. K. Bailes, Pál Dunay, Pan Guang and Mikhail Troitskiy (eds), The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SIPRI, Policy Paper No. 17, May 2007.
  • Cafiero, Giorgio. 2021. “AUKUS puts pressure on Gulf countries trying to balance US and China”. TRT World, September 23, 2021. retrieved January 26, 2021 from https://www.trtworld.com/opinion/aukus-puts-pressure-on-gulf-countries-trying-to-balance-us-and-china-50176
  • Eguegu, Ovigwe and Javairyah Kulthum Aatif. 2002. “Iran’s Membership Raises the SCO’s Profile – and Expectations”. The Diplomat, September 21, 2002. retrieved February 22, 2022 from https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/irans-membership-raisesthe-scos-profile-and-expectations/
  • Fassihi, Farnaz and Steven Lee Myers. 2021. “China, With $400 Billion Iran Deal, Could Deepen Influence in Mideast”, The New York Times, March 29, 2021.
  • Ivanov, Sergei. 2005. “The World in the 21st Century: Addressing New Threats and Challenges”. Council on Foreign Relations, January 13, 2005. retrieved December 26, 2021, from http://www.cfr.org/global/world-21st-century-addressing-new-threatschallenges/p7611
  • Kırıkçıoğlu, Mustafa. 2016. "Russia, China give green light after Ankara highlights SCO option". Daily Sabah, November 21, 2016. retrieved December 14, 2021 from http://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2016/11/21/russia-china-give-green-lightafter-ankara-highlights-sco-option
  • Malik, Mohan. 2010. "Shanghai Cooperation Organization", Sumit Ganguly, Andrew Scobell and Joseph Chinyong Liow (eds), The Routledge Handbook of Asian Security Studies, Oxon, Routledge, pp.72-86.
  • Marketos, Thrassy N. 2008. China’s Energy Geopolitics: The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Central Asia. Oxon: Routledge.
  • Mazumdaru, Srinivas. 2016. “India, Pakistan and the SCO expansion”. Deutsche Welle, June 22, 2016. retrieved January 08, 2022, from https://www.dw.com/en/indiapakistan-and-the-sco-expansion/a-19347657
  • Mearsheimer, John. 2016. “Shanghai Cooperation Organization was never designed to compete with NATO”. RT, July 05, 2016.
  • Pantucci, Raffaello. 2015. "Looking West: China and Central Asia". Testimony before the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, March 18, 2015. retrieved December 28 2021 from http://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/USCC%20Testimony_Pantucci_China%20in%20Central%20Asia_March%202015.pdf
  • Patnaik, Ajay. 2016. Central Asia: Geopolitics, Security and Stability. Oxon: Routledge.
  • Peimani, Hooman. 2009. Conflict and Security in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Santa Barbara, Greenwood.
  • Putin, Vladimir. (2022). “Russia and China: A Future-Oriented Strategic Partnership”. Xinhua, February 03, 2022.
  • Reeves, Jeffrey. 2014. "SCO: A Tenable Provider of Security in Post-2014 Central Asia?". Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, June 2014.
  • Shlyndov, Alexander. (2006). "Certain Aspects of Russian–Chinese Collaboration in the International Arena". Far Eastern Affairs, Vol. 34, No:2: 68-81.
  • Song, Weiqing. 2014. "Interests, Power and China's Difficult Game in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)". Journal of Contemporary China, Vol.23, No.85: 85-101.
  • Standish, Reid. 2015. "China and Russia Lay Foundation for Massive Economic Cooperation". Foreign Policy, 10 July 2015. retrieved January 02, 2022 from http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/07/10/china-russia-sco-ufa-summit-putin-xi-jinpingeurasian-union-silk-road/
  • Tafazzoli, Bijan. 2021. “Iran poised to become a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization”. Yeni Şafak, September 24, 2021.
  • Tirone, Jonathan. 2001. “Iran Set for Entry Into Expanding Club Led by China and Russia”. Bloomberg, September 16, 2001. retrieved January 02, 2022 from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-16/iran-set-for-entry-intoexpanding-club-led-by-china-and-russia
  • Zengin, Dilara. 2016. "Turkey to chair presidency of 2017 SCO Energy Club". Anadolu Ajansı, 23 November 23, 2016. retrieved January 24, 2021 from http://aa.com.tr/en/economy/turkey-to-chair-presidency-of-2017-sco-energy-club-/691831
  • Ziegler, Charles E. 2010. "Russia and China in Central Asia", James A. Bellacqua (ed.). The Future of China-Russia relations, Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2010: 233- 265
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Şafak Oğuz 0000-0001-6758-175X

Bilal Karabulut Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4751-6165

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Oğuz, Şafak, ve Bilal Karabulut. “The Rise of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Central Asia: A Tool of Cooperation or Competition Between Russia and China over the Turkic States?”. Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies 4, sy. 2 (Aralık 2022): 175-93.