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Determination of Transfer Factors of Natural Radionuclides from Soil-to-Wheat Flour Consumed by Kars People

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 140 - 152, 31.12.2020

Öz

In this study, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations were measured in a total of 45 soil samples taken from Kars and wheat flour samples produced from wheat grown in these soils. As a result of gamma spectrometric analysis, the mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K natural radionuclides in soil samples were found to be 20.1 ± 8.2, 31.2 ± 7.1, 496.1 ± 35.6 Bqkg-1, respectively. The average activity concentrations in wheat flour samples used mainly in bread making by the local people were found to be 11.0 ± 2.2, 10.8 ± 2.3 and 304.1 ± 25.5 Bqkg-1, respectively. Soil-to-plant transfer factors are of fundamental importance in the assessment of environmental impact due to the presence of radioactivity in soil and food. Therefore, soil-to-plant transfer factors of these natural radionuclides were evaluated for wheat flour samples. The transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K radionuclides from soil to wheat flour were determined to be in the range of 0.30 ± 0.10 to 1.29 ± 0.95, 0.15 ± 0.07 to 0.86 ± 0.28 and 0.45 ± 0.07 to 0.83 ± 0.15, respectively. It has been observed that the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in the study area are consistent with the results of similar studies conducted in our country and in different parts of the world.

Kaynakça

  • Abu Samreh, M. M., Thabayneh K.M., Khrais F.W. (2014). Measurement of activity concentration levels of radionuclides in soil samples collected from Bethlehem Province, West Bank, Palestine. Turkish J Eng Env Sci, 38, 113-125.
  • Abu Samreh, M. M., Thabayneh K.M., Khrais F.W. (2014). Measurement of activity concentration levels of radionuclides in soil samples collected from Bethlehem Province, West Bank, Palestine. Turkish J Eng Env Sci, 38, 113-125.
  • Abu Shayeb M., Alharbi T., Baloch M.A. (2018). Transfer factors for natural radioactivity into palm pits. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,167, 75-79.
  • Abu Shayeb M., Alharbi T., Baloch M.A. (2018). Transfer factors for natural radioactivity into palm pits. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,167, 75-79.
  • Agbalagba E.O., Avwiri G.O., Chad-Umoreh Y.E., (2012). γ-Spectroscopy measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiation hazard indices in soil samples from oil fields environment of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Vol. 109; 64-70.
  • Agbalagba E.O., Avwiri G.O., Chad-Umoreh Y.E., (2012). γ-Spectroscopy measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiation hazard indices in soil samples from oil fields environment of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Vol. 109; 64-70.
  • Al-Hamarneh İ.F., Alkhomashi N., Almasoud F.I. (2016). Study on the radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer factor of 226Ra, 234U and 238U radionuclides in irrigated farms from the Northwestern Saudi Arabia.. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 160, 1-7.
  • Al-Hamarneh İ.F., Alkhomashi N., Almasoud F.I. (2016). Study on the radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer factor of 226Ra, 234U and 238U radionuclides in irrigated farms from the Northwestern Saudi Arabia.. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 160, 1-7.
  • Alzubaidi G., Fauzrah S.H., Rahman I.A. (2016). Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards in Agricultural and Virgin Soil in the State of Kedah, North of Malaysia. The Scientific World Journal, 1-9.
  • Alzubaidi G., Fauzrah S.H., Rahman I.A. (2016). Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards in Agricultural and Virgin Soil in the State of Kedah, North of Malaysia. The Scientific World Journal, 1-9.
  • Ballesteros L., Ortiz J., Gallardo S., Martorell S. (2015). An overview of measurements of radionuclides in foods of the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) Radiation Physicsand Chemistry, 116, 111–115.
  • Ballesteros L., Ortiz J., Gallardo S., Martorell S. (2015). An overview of measurements of radionuclides in foods of the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) Radiation Physicsand Chemistry, 116, 111–115.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G. (2017). Selim İlçesinin Toprak Örneklerinde Doğal Radyoaktivite Düzeyleri ve Radyolojik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10 (1), 37-47.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G. (2017). Selim İlçesinin Toprak Örneklerinde Doğal Radyoaktivite Düzeyleri ve Radyolojik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10 (1), 37-47.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G. ( 2019). Transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from soil to pasture-grass in the northeastern of Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 319, 83-89.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G. ( 2019). Transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from soil to pasture-grass in the northeastern of Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 319, 83-89.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G., Çağlar İ. (2016). Determination of the Health Hazards and Life time Cancer Risk Due to Natural Radioactivity in Soil of Akyaka, Arpaçay and Susuz Areas of Kars, Turkey. International Journal of Scientific &Engineering Research, (7) 3, 619-626.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G., Çağlar İ. (2016). Determination of the Health Hazards and Life time Cancer Risk Due to Natural Radioactivity in Soil of Akyaka, Arpaçay and Susuz Areas of Kars, Turkey. International Journal of Scientific &Engineering Research, (7) 3, 619-626.
  • Bi̇lgi̇ci̇ Cengi̇z G, Çağlar, İ. (2018). Investigation of Transfer Factors of Natural Radionuclides From Soil to Fodder in Kars, Turkey . Caucasian Journal of Science , 5 (2) , 27-32.
  • Bi̇lgi̇ci̇ Cengi̇z G, Çağlar, İ. (2018). Investigation of Transfer Factors of Natural Radionuclides From Soil to Fodder in Kars, Turkey . Caucasian Journal of Science , 5 (2) , 27-32.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G., Öztanrıöver E. (2018) Analysıs of Natural Radıoactıvıty Levels in Soıl Samples And Dose Assessment for Dıgor Dıstrıct, Kars, Turkey. Caucasian Journal of Science (5) 1; 30-39.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G., Öztanrıöver E. (2018) Analysıs of Natural Radıoactıvıty Levels in Soıl Samples And Dose Assessment for Dıgor Dıstrıct, Kars, Turkey. Caucasian Journal of Science (5) 1; 30-39.
  • Bolca M., Saç M.M., Çokuysal B., Karalı T., Ekdal E. (2007) Radioactivity in soils and various foodstuffs from the Gediz River Basin of Turkey. Radiation Measurements 42, 263 – 270.
  • Bolca M., Saç M.M., Çokuysal B., Karalı T., Ekdal E. (2007) Radioactivity in soils and various foodstuffs from the Gediz River Basin of Turkey. Radiation Measurements 42, 263 – 270.
  • Cengiz G. B., S. Reşitoğlu (2014). ‘Determination of natural radioactivity levels in Kars City center’. Turkey. Journal of Nuclear Sciences, 1, 32-37.
  • Cengiz G. B., S. Reşitoğlu (2014). ‘Determination of natural radioactivity levels in Kars City center’. Turkey. Journal of Nuclear Sciences, 1, 32-37.
  • Chandrasekaran A., Ravisankar R., Senthilkumar G., Thillaivelavan K., Dhinakaran B., Vijayagopal P., Bramha S.N., Venkatraman B., (2014). Spatial distribution and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ,1, 38-48.
  • Chandrasekaran A., Ravisankar R., Senthilkumar G., Thillaivelavan K., Dhinakaran B., Vijayagopal P., Bramha S.N., Venkatraman B., (2014). Spatial distribution and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ,1, 38-48.
  • Dizman S., F. K. Görür, R. Keser (2016). ‘Determination of radioactivity levels of soil samples and the excess of lifetime cancer risk in Rize province, Turkey’. International Journal of Radiation Research, 14 (3): 237-244.
  • Dizman S., F. K. Görür, R. Keser (2016). ‘Determination of radioactivity levels of soil samples and the excess of lifetime cancer risk in Rize province, Turkey’. International Journal of Radiation Research, 14 (3): 237-244.
  • Djelic G., Krstic D., Stajic J.M., Milenkovic B., Topuzovic M., Nikezic D., Vucic D., Zeremski T., Stankovic M., Kostic D. (2016). Transfer factors of natural radionuclides and 137Cs from soil to plants used in traditional medicine in central Serbia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 158-159, 81-88.
  • Djelic G., Krstic D., Stajic J.M., Milenkovic B., Topuzovic M., Nikezic D., Vucic D., Zeremski T., Stankovic M., Kostic D. (2016). Transfer factors of natural radionuclides and 137Cs from soil to plants used in traditional medicine in central Serbia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 158-159, 81-88.
  • Jazzar M.M., Thabayneh K.M. (2014) Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to plants and grass in the western north of west bank environment-palestine. Int J Environ Monit Anal., 2(5):252–258.
  • Jazzar M.M., Thabayneh K.M. (2014) Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to plants and grass in the western north of west bank environment-palestine. Int J Environ Monit Anal., 2(5):252–258.
  • Kapdan E., Varinlioglu A., Karahan G. (2011). ‘Radioactivity Levels and Health Risks due to Radionuclides in the Soil of Yalova, Northwestern Turkey’. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5 (4): 837-846.
  • Kapdan E., Varinlioglu A., Karahan G. (2011). ‘Radioactivity Levels and Health Risks due to Radionuclides in the Soil of Yalova, Northwestern Turkey’. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5 (4): 837-846.
  • Karataslı M., Turhan S., Varinlioglu A., Yegingil Z. (2016). Natural and fallout radioactivity levels and radiation hazard evaluation in soil samples. Environ Earth Sci, 75: 42.
  • Karataslı M., Turhan S., Varinlioglu A., Yegingil Z. (2016). Natural and fallout radioactivity levels and radiation hazard evaluation in soil samples. Environ Earth Sci, 75: 42.
  • Khan Hasan M., Chaudhry Zahid S., Ismail M., Khan K., (2010) Assessment of Radionuclides, Trace Metals and Radionuclide Transfer from Soil to Food of Jhangar Valley (Pakistan)Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Water Air Soil Pollut 213:353–362.
  • Khan Hasan M., Chaudhry Zahid S., Ismail M., Khan K., (2010) Assessment of Radionuclides, Trace Metals and Radionuclide Transfer from Soil to Food of Jhangar Valley (Pakistan)Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Water Air Soil Pollut 213:353–362.
  • Kılıç Ö., Belivermiş M., Topcuoğlu S., Çotuk Y. (2009). 232Th, 238U, 40K, 137Cs radioactivity concentrations and 137Cs dose rate in Turkish market tea. Radiation Effects& Defects in Solids, 164(2),138-143.
  • Kılıç Ö., Belivermiş M., Topcuoğlu S., Çotuk Y. (2009). 232Th, 238U, 40K, 137Cs radioactivity concentrations and 137Cs dose rate in Turkish market tea. Radiation Effects& Defects in Solids, 164(2),138-143.
  • Krmar M., Varga E., Slivka J. (2013) Correlations of natural radionuclides in soil with those in sediment from the Danube and nearby irrigation channels. J Environ Radioact., 117, 31–35.
  • Krmar M., Varga E., Slivka J. (2013) Correlations of natural radionuclides in soil with those in sediment from the Danube and nearby irrigation channels. J Environ Radioact., 117, 31–35.
  • Oyeyemi K.D., Usikalu M.R., Aizebeokhai A.P., Achuka J.A., Jonathan O., (2017). Measurements of radioactivity levels in part of Ota Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for radiological hazards indices and excess lifetime cancer-risks. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 852, 1-8.
  • Oyeyemi K.D., Usikalu M.R., Aizebeokhai A.P., Achuka J.A., Jonathan O., (2017). Measurements of radioactivity levels in part of Ota Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for radiological hazards indices and excess lifetime cancer-risks. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 852, 1-8.
  • Pulhani V.A., Dafauti S., Hegde A.G., Sharma R.M., Mishra U.C. (2005). Uptake and distribution of natural radioactivity in wheat plants from soil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 79, 331-346.
  • Pulhani V.A., Dafauti S., Hegde A.G., Sharma R.M., Mishra U.C. (2005). Uptake and distribution of natural radioactivity in wheat plants from soil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 79, 331-346.
  • Rafique M., Rahman S.U., Basharat M., Aziz W., Ahmad I., Lone K.A., Ahmad K., Matiullah (2014). Evaluation of Excess Life Time Cancer Risk from Gamma Dose Rates in Jhelum Valley. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7, 29 -35.
  • Rafique M., Rahman S.U., Basharat M., Aziz W., Ahmad I., Lone K.A., Ahmad K., Matiullah (2014). Evaluation of Excess Life Time Cancer Risk from Gamma Dose Rates in Jhelum Valley. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7, 29 -35.
  • Sroor A., El-Bahi S.M., Ahmed F., Abdel-Haleem A.S., (2001). Natural radioactivity and radon exhalation rate of soil in southern Egypt. Applied Radiation and Isotopes Vol. 55; 873–879.
  • Sroor A., El-Bahi S.M., Ahmed F., Abdel-Haleem A.S., (2001). Natural radioactivity and radon exhalation rate of soil in southern Egypt. Applied Radiation and Isotopes Vol. 55; 873–879.
  • TAEA (2010). Türkiye’deki Çevresel Radyoaktivitenin İzlenmesi 2009.Technique Report, Ankara 9-14.
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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 140 - 152, 31.12.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abu Samreh, M. M., Thabayneh K.M., Khrais F.W. (2014). Measurement of activity concentration levels of radionuclides in soil samples collected from Bethlehem Province, West Bank, Palestine. Turkish J Eng Env Sci, 38, 113-125.
  • Abu Samreh, M. M., Thabayneh K.M., Khrais F.W. (2014). Measurement of activity concentration levels of radionuclides in soil samples collected from Bethlehem Province, West Bank, Palestine. Turkish J Eng Env Sci, 38, 113-125.
  • Abu Shayeb M., Alharbi T., Baloch M.A. (2018). Transfer factors for natural radioactivity into palm pits. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,167, 75-79.
  • Abu Shayeb M., Alharbi T., Baloch M.A. (2018). Transfer factors for natural radioactivity into palm pits. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,167, 75-79.
  • Agbalagba E.O., Avwiri G.O., Chad-Umoreh Y.E., (2012). γ-Spectroscopy measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiation hazard indices in soil samples from oil fields environment of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Vol. 109; 64-70.
  • Agbalagba E.O., Avwiri G.O., Chad-Umoreh Y.E., (2012). γ-Spectroscopy measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiation hazard indices in soil samples from oil fields environment of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Vol. 109; 64-70.
  • Al-Hamarneh İ.F., Alkhomashi N., Almasoud F.I. (2016). Study on the radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer factor of 226Ra, 234U and 238U radionuclides in irrigated farms from the Northwestern Saudi Arabia.. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 160, 1-7.
  • Al-Hamarneh İ.F., Alkhomashi N., Almasoud F.I. (2016). Study on the radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer factor of 226Ra, 234U and 238U radionuclides in irrigated farms from the Northwestern Saudi Arabia.. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 160, 1-7.
  • Alzubaidi G., Fauzrah S.H., Rahman I.A. (2016). Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards in Agricultural and Virgin Soil in the State of Kedah, North of Malaysia. The Scientific World Journal, 1-9.
  • Alzubaidi G., Fauzrah S.H., Rahman I.A. (2016). Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards in Agricultural and Virgin Soil in the State of Kedah, North of Malaysia. The Scientific World Journal, 1-9.
  • Ballesteros L., Ortiz J., Gallardo S., Martorell S. (2015). An overview of measurements of radionuclides in foods of the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) Radiation Physicsand Chemistry, 116, 111–115.
  • Ballesteros L., Ortiz J., Gallardo S., Martorell S. (2015). An overview of measurements of radionuclides in foods of the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain) Radiation Physicsand Chemistry, 116, 111–115.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G. (2017). Selim İlçesinin Toprak Örneklerinde Doğal Radyoaktivite Düzeyleri ve Radyolojik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10 (1), 37-47.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G. (2017). Selim İlçesinin Toprak Örneklerinde Doğal Radyoaktivite Düzeyleri ve Radyolojik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi Kafkas Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10 (1), 37-47.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G. ( 2019). Transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from soil to pasture-grass in the northeastern of Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 319, 83-89.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G. ( 2019). Transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from soil to pasture-grass in the northeastern of Turkey. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 319, 83-89.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G., Çağlar İ. (2016). Determination of the Health Hazards and Life time Cancer Risk Due to Natural Radioactivity in Soil of Akyaka, Arpaçay and Susuz Areas of Kars, Turkey. International Journal of Scientific &Engineering Research, (7) 3, 619-626.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G., Çağlar İ. (2016). Determination of the Health Hazards and Life time Cancer Risk Due to Natural Radioactivity in Soil of Akyaka, Arpaçay and Susuz Areas of Kars, Turkey. International Journal of Scientific &Engineering Research, (7) 3, 619-626.
  • Bi̇lgi̇ci̇ Cengi̇z G, Çağlar, İ. (2018). Investigation of Transfer Factors of Natural Radionuclides From Soil to Fodder in Kars, Turkey . Caucasian Journal of Science , 5 (2) , 27-32.
  • Bi̇lgi̇ci̇ Cengi̇z G, Çağlar, İ. (2018). Investigation of Transfer Factors of Natural Radionuclides From Soil to Fodder in Kars, Turkey . Caucasian Journal of Science , 5 (2) , 27-32.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G., Öztanrıöver E. (2018) Analysıs of Natural Radıoactıvıty Levels in Soıl Samples And Dose Assessment for Dıgor Dıstrıct, Kars, Turkey. Caucasian Journal of Science (5) 1; 30-39.
  • Bilgici Cengiz G., Öztanrıöver E. (2018) Analysıs of Natural Radıoactıvıty Levels in Soıl Samples And Dose Assessment for Dıgor Dıstrıct, Kars, Turkey. Caucasian Journal of Science (5) 1; 30-39.
  • Bolca M., Saç M.M., Çokuysal B., Karalı T., Ekdal E. (2007) Radioactivity in soils and various foodstuffs from the Gediz River Basin of Turkey. Radiation Measurements 42, 263 – 270.
  • Bolca M., Saç M.M., Çokuysal B., Karalı T., Ekdal E. (2007) Radioactivity in soils and various foodstuffs from the Gediz River Basin of Turkey. Radiation Measurements 42, 263 – 270.
  • Cengiz G. B., S. Reşitoğlu (2014). ‘Determination of natural radioactivity levels in Kars City center’. Turkey. Journal of Nuclear Sciences, 1, 32-37.
  • Cengiz G. B., S. Reşitoğlu (2014). ‘Determination of natural radioactivity levels in Kars City center’. Turkey. Journal of Nuclear Sciences, 1, 32-37.
  • Chandrasekaran A., Ravisankar R., Senthilkumar G., Thillaivelavan K., Dhinakaran B., Vijayagopal P., Bramha S.N., Venkatraman B., (2014). Spatial distribution and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ,1, 38-48.
  • Chandrasekaran A., Ravisankar R., Senthilkumar G., Thillaivelavan K., Dhinakaran B., Vijayagopal P., Bramha S.N., Venkatraman B., (2014). Spatial distribution and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Yelagiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ,1, 38-48.
  • Dizman S., F. K. Görür, R. Keser (2016). ‘Determination of radioactivity levels of soil samples and the excess of lifetime cancer risk in Rize province, Turkey’. International Journal of Radiation Research, 14 (3): 237-244.
  • Dizman S., F. K. Görür, R. Keser (2016). ‘Determination of radioactivity levels of soil samples and the excess of lifetime cancer risk in Rize province, Turkey’. International Journal of Radiation Research, 14 (3): 237-244.
  • Djelic G., Krstic D., Stajic J.M., Milenkovic B., Topuzovic M., Nikezic D., Vucic D., Zeremski T., Stankovic M., Kostic D. (2016). Transfer factors of natural radionuclides and 137Cs from soil to plants used in traditional medicine in central Serbia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 158-159, 81-88.
  • Djelic G., Krstic D., Stajic J.M., Milenkovic B., Topuzovic M., Nikezic D., Vucic D., Zeremski T., Stankovic M., Kostic D. (2016). Transfer factors of natural radionuclides and 137Cs from soil to plants used in traditional medicine in central Serbia. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 158-159, 81-88.
  • Jazzar M.M., Thabayneh K.M. (2014) Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to plants and grass in the western north of west bank environment-palestine. Int J Environ Monit Anal., 2(5):252–258.
  • Jazzar M.M., Thabayneh K.M. (2014) Transfer of natural radionuclides from soil to plants and grass in the western north of west bank environment-palestine. Int J Environ Monit Anal., 2(5):252–258.
  • Kapdan E., Varinlioglu A., Karahan G. (2011). ‘Radioactivity Levels and Health Risks due to Radionuclides in the Soil of Yalova, Northwestern Turkey’. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5 (4): 837-846.
  • Kapdan E., Varinlioglu A., Karahan G. (2011). ‘Radioactivity Levels and Health Risks due to Radionuclides in the Soil of Yalova, Northwestern Turkey’. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5 (4): 837-846.
  • Karataslı M., Turhan S., Varinlioglu A., Yegingil Z. (2016). Natural and fallout radioactivity levels and radiation hazard evaluation in soil samples. Environ Earth Sci, 75: 42.
  • Karataslı M., Turhan S., Varinlioglu A., Yegingil Z. (2016). Natural and fallout radioactivity levels and radiation hazard evaluation in soil samples. Environ Earth Sci, 75: 42.
  • Khan Hasan M., Chaudhry Zahid S., Ismail M., Khan K., (2010) Assessment of Radionuclides, Trace Metals and Radionuclide Transfer from Soil to Food of Jhangar Valley (Pakistan)Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Water Air Soil Pollut 213:353–362.
  • Khan Hasan M., Chaudhry Zahid S., Ismail M., Khan K., (2010) Assessment of Radionuclides, Trace Metals and Radionuclide Transfer from Soil to Food of Jhangar Valley (Pakistan)Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Water Air Soil Pollut 213:353–362.
  • Kılıç Ö., Belivermiş M., Topcuoğlu S., Çotuk Y. (2009). 232Th, 238U, 40K, 137Cs radioactivity concentrations and 137Cs dose rate in Turkish market tea. Radiation Effects& Defects in Solids, 164(2),138-143.
  • Kılıç Ö., Belivermiş M., Topcuoğlu S., Çotuk Y. (2009). 232Th, 238U, 40K, 137Cs radioactivity concentrations and 137Cs dose rate in Turkish market tea. Radiation Effects& Defects in Solids, 164(2),138-143.
  • Krmar M., Varga E., Slivka J. (2013) Correlations of natural radionuclides in soil with those in sediment from the Danube and nearby irrigation channels. J Environ Radioact., 117, 31–35.
  • Krmar M., Varga E., Slivka J. (2013) Correlations of natural radionuclides in soil with those in sediment from the Danube and nearby irrigation channels. J Environ Radioact., 117, 31–35.
  • Oyeyemi K.D., Usikalu M.R., Aizebeokhai A.P., Achuka J.A., Jonathan O., (2017). Measurements of radioactivity levels in part of Ota Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for radiological hazards indices and excess lifetime cancer-risks. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 852, 1-8.
  • Oyeyemi K.D., Usikalu M.R., Aizebeokhai A.P., Achuka J.A., Jonathan O., (2017). Measurements of radioactivity levels in part of Ota Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for radiological hazards indices and excess lifetime cancer-risks. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 852, 1-8.
  • Pulhani V.A., Dafauti S., Hegde A.G., Sharma R.M., Mishra U.C. (2005). Uptake and distribution of natural radioactivity in wheat plants from soil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 79, 331-346.
  • Pulhani V.A., Dafauti S., Hegde A.G., Sharma R.M., Mishra U.C. (2005). Uptake and distribution of natural radioactivity in wheat plants from soil. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 79, 331-346.
  • Rafique M., Rahman S.U., Basharat M., Aziz W., Ahmad I., Lone K.A., Ahmad K., Matiullah (2014). Evaluation of Excess Life Time Cancer Risk from Gamma Dose Rates in Jhelum Valley. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7, 29 -35.
  • Rafique M., Rahman S.U., Basharat M., Aziz W., Ahmad I., Lone K.A., Ahmad K., Matiullah (2014). Evaluation of Excess Life Time Cancer Risk from Gamma Dose Rates in Jhelum Valley. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7, 29 -35.
  • Sroor A., El-Bahi S.M., Ahmed F., Abdel-Haleem A.S., (2001). Natural radioactivity and radon exhalation rate of soil in southern Egypt. Applied Radiation and Isotopes Vol. 55; 873–879.
  • Sroor A., El-Bahi S.M., Ahmed F., Abdel-Haleem A.S., (2001). Natural radioactivity and radon exhalation rate of soil in southern Egypt. Applied Radiation and Isotopes Vol. 55; 873–879.
  • TAEA (2010). Türkiye’deki Çevresel Radyoaktivitenin İzlenmesi 2009.Technique Report, Ankara 9-14.
  • TAEA (2010). Türkiye’deki Çevresel Radyoaktivitenin İzlenmesi 2009.Technique Report, Ankara 9-14.
  • Taskin H., Karavus M., Ay P., Topuzoglu A., Hidiroglu S., Karahan G. (2009). Radionuclide concentrations in soil and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 100, 49-53.
  • Taskin H., Karavus M., Ay P., Topuzoglu A., Hidiroglu S., Karahan G. (2009). Radionuclide concentrations in soil and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 100, 49-53.
  • Topcuoğlu S., Karahan G., Güngör N., Kırbaşoğlu Ç. (2003). Natural and artificial in Emendere thermal spring area in Western Anatolia. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 256 (3), 395-398.
  • Topcuoğlu S., Karahan G., Güngör N., Kırbaşoğlu Ç. (2003). Natural and artificial in Emendere thermal spring area in Western Anatolia. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 256 (3), 395-398.
  • United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (2000) Report to the general assembly, Annex B: exposures from natural radiation sources. United Nations, New York.
  • United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (2000) Report to the general assembly, Annex B: exposures from natural radiation sources. United Nations, New York.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Bilimleri
Bölüm Caucasian Journal of Science
Yazarlar

Gülçin Bilgici Cengiz (eker) 0000-0002-6164-3232

İlyas Çağlar 0000-0002-6958-8469

Aslıhan Çağlar Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3242-621X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Kasım 2020
Kabul Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bilgici Cengiz (eker), G., Çağlar, İ., & Çağlar, A. (2020). Determination of Transfer Factors of Natural Radionuclides from Soil-to-Wheat Flour Consumed by Kars People. Caucasian Journal of Science, 7(2), 140-152.

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