Van Tušpa Excavations 2013
Öz
Van can be followed in some miniatures, engravings and photographs. The earliest examples would be the miniature named “Kala-i Sengi Van” at the Topkapı Palace Archives and the information in the Travels of Evliya Çelebi Cantay 1994 . Both of these sources indicate that the Old City of Van was surrounded with walls pierced with gates at various intervals. However, there seem to be contradictions on the names and number of these gates. Similarly, there are contradictions regarding the towers and bastions on the city walls. However, it is possible to state that there were four city gates. Saray Kapı Palace Gate , which was close to Hüsrev Pasha Complex and provided access to Pasha’s Palace, and Orta Kapı Central Gate located 250 meters east of Palace Gate both provided access from the south. Tabriz Gate, located in the east, is understood to be the grandest and busiest gate. Sources state that at the west of the city, near the orchards of Horhor, there was a gate called either İskele pier or Yalı shore . The structural character of the encircling walls is debated. Even though the seventeenth-century miniature depicts the city encircled with double-fortifications, this has not been verified. However, it is generally agreed that a moat filled with water ran along the walls. The moat was crossed over via wooden bridges in front of the city gates
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Cantay, G. 1994 “Ahlat ve Van’ın Şehir Kuruluşu”, İ. Nalbantoğlu (ed.) Anadolu’nun Kapısı Türkiye’nin Tapusu: Ahlat, Ankara: 111-122.
- Konyar, E. 2011 “Excavations at the Mound of Van Fortress / Tuspa”, CollAn X: 147- 166.
- Konyar, E. – İ. Ayman – C. Avcı – D. Yiğitpaşa – B. Genç – R. G. Akgün 2012 “Excavations at the Mound of Van Fortress 2011”, CollAn XI: 219-245.
- Konyar, E. – C. Avcı – B. Genç – R. G. Akgün – A. Tan 2013 “Excavations at the Van Fortress, the Mound and the Old City of Van in 2012”, CollAn XII: 193-210.
- Sevin, V. 2012 “Van Bölgesinde Post-Urartu Dönemi: Yıkıntılar Üzerinde Yeni Bir Yaşam”, Belleten LXXV-276: 353-370.
- Tarhan, M. T. 2011 “Başkent Tuşpa / The Capital City Tushpa”, K. Köroğlu – E. Konyar (eds.), Urartu: Doğu’da Değişim / Transformation in the East, İstanbul: 286-333.