Doğu Roma Dünyasında Monofizit Reaksiyon ve İmparator Iustinianus

Yıl 2010, Sayı: 9, 307 - 332, 01.06.2010

Turhan Kaçar

Öz

Akdeniz dünyasının uzun tarihinin en hareketli dönemlerinden birisi, MS 451 yılında toplanan Kadıköy Konsili IV. Genel Konsil ile yaklaşık yüz yıl sonra İmparator Iustinianus’un 553 yılında topladığı V. Genel Konstantinopolis Konsili arasıdır. Bu yüzyıllık dönem içinde, hem Roma İmparatorluğu’nun siyasal olarak parsellenmesi hem de yeniden toparlanma girişimleri gerçekleştiği gibi, Doğu dünyasının Hıristiyanlarının dinsel gruplaşmaları da ayrılıkçılığa doğru yönelmiştir. İmparatorluğun batı kanadının parsellenmesi 476 yılına gelindiğinde tamamlanmıştı, ancak yarım yüz yıl sonra Iustinianus, reconquista yeniden fetih ideolojisi çerçevesinde, imparatorluğu neredeyse eski sınırlarına kavuşturdu. Iustinianus’un reconquista ideolojisi sadece siyasal girişimlerle başarılabilecek bir proje değildi. İmparator, siyasal projesini “kilise birliği” ile paralel yürütmesi gerektiğinin gayet farkındaydı. Oysa Hıristiyanlık tarihinin en hareketli dönemlerinden birisi olan 451 ile 553 yılları arasında, ortaya çıkan dinsel gerilimler ve tartışmalar yüzünden “kilise birliği” ideolojisi, neredeyse bir ütopyaya dönüşmüştü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Monofizitler, Iustinianus, Yakup Baradaeus, 6. yy. Kilise Politikaları

The Monophysite Reaction in the Eastern Roman World and the Emperor Justinian

Öz

The council of Chalcedon divided the eastern Christianity irrecoverably as those who defend the two natures of Christ and those who support passionately the one nature. This theological division very soon led to social divisions in the eastern world. Therefore the emperors who ruled the empire in the century between Chalcedon in 451 and the fifth ecumenical council of Constantinople in 553 tried painstakingly to bring together the differing theological groups. Some emperors such as Marcian and Leo dictated the decisions of Chalcedon. However, some turned their backs to it and offered new formulas, like the henotikon of Zeno. The Henotikon formula aimed at a unity in terms of the opponents of Chalcedon, nevertheless this policy upset the West. On the other hand a new era began with the accession of Justin I in 518. This emperor supported a Chalcedonian solution because of some political necessities of the period. The monophysites responded against the policy of Justin in a reactionary way.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Monophysites, Justinian, Jacob Baradaeus, Sixth Century-Church Politics, Fifth

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