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Marulda Farklı Tuz ve Potasyum Uygulamalarının Verim ve Bazı Fizyo-Morfolojik Özelliklere Etkileri

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 89 - 97, 01.06.2015

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı tuz ve potasyum düzeylerinin marul bitkisinin verimine ve bazı fizyolojik (yaprak oransal su içeriği, stoma iletkenliği ve membran geçirgenliği) ve morfolojik (bitki boyu ve çapı, toplam ve atılan yaprak sayısı) özelliklerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2011–2012 yılı kış döneminde sera koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, 2 farklı tuz (0,6 dS m-1 (T0) ve 4,0 dS m-1 (T1)) ve 4 farklı potasyum seviyesi (5 kg da-1 (K1), 16 kg da-1 (K2), 32 kg da-1 (K3) ve 48 kg da-1 (K4)) uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, marul veriminin tuzlu sulama suyundan önemli oranda etkilendiği ve uygulanan potasyum düzeyindeki artışın verimi iyileştirici yönde bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Tuzsuz koşullarda gereğinden çok daha fazla potasyum uygulaması verimi ve fizyolojik özellikleri önemli oranda azaltmış, tuzlu koşullarda ise verim ve fizyolojik özelliklerden sadece membran geçirgenliği üzerine potasyumun herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Hem tuzsuz hem de tuzlu su ile sulanan marulda en yüksek stoma iletkenliği ve yaprak oransal su içeriği değerleri ihtiyacından iki kat fazla potasyumun uygulandığı konulardan elde edilmiştir. Tuz ve potasyum düzeylerindeki artış veya azalış, morfolojik özelliklerden bitki boyu ve yaprak sayısını değiştirmemiştir.Sonuç olarak, marul bitkisi için sulama suyundaki tuz seviyesinin artmasının bitki gelişimini olumsuz etkilediği ve ihtiyacından çok daha fazla uygulanan potasyumun tuz stresini azaltıcı bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür

Kaynakça

  • Al–Maskri, A., Al–Kharusi, L., Al–Miqbali, H., 2010. Effects of salinity stress on growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under closed–recycle nutrient film technique. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12: 377–380.
  • Anaç, D., Aksoy, U., Anaç, S., Hepaksoy, S., Can, Z., 1979. Potassium and leaf water relations under saline conditions, Sci. Reg. IPI satellite prog.
  • Andriolo, J.L., Da Luz, G.L., Witter, M.H., Godoi, R.S., Barros, G.T., Bortolotto, O.C., 2005. Growth and yield of lettuce plants under salinity. Hort. Brazil., 23: 931–934.
  • Ashraf, M., 2004. Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora. 199: 361–376.
  • Bar–Tal, A., Feigenbaum, S., Sparks, D.L., 1991. Potassium–salinity interactions in irrigated corn. Irrigation Science. 12: 27–35.
  • Beringer, H., Trolldenier, G., 1978. Influence of K nutrition on the response to environmental stresses. In: Potassium Research–Reviews and Trends”. International Potash Institute, Basel, Switzerland. pp. 189–222.
  • Bohra, J.S., Doerffling, K., 1993. K nutrition of rice (O. sativa L.) varieties under NaCl salinity. Plant and Soil. 152 (2): 299–303.
  • Bowman, W.D., 1989. The relationships between leaf waterstatus, gas exchange, and spectral reflectance in cotton leaves. Remote Sensing of Environment. 30: 249–255.
  • Cemek, B., Ünlükara, A., Karaman, S., Gökalp, Z., 2011. Effects of evapotranspiration and soil salinity on some growth parameters and yield of lettuce (Lactuca saliva var. crispa)", Zemdırbyste–Agrıculture. 98: 139–148.
  • Çiçek, N., Çakirlar, H., 2002. The effect of salinity on some physiological parameters in two maize cultivars. Bulg. J.Plant Physiol. 28 (1–2): 66–74.
  • Çulha, Ş., Çakırlar, H., 2011. Tuzluluğun bitkiler üzerine etkileri ve tuz tolerans mekanizmaları. AKÜ FEBİD. 11: 11–34.
  • Davenport, R.J., Reid, R.J., Smith, F.A., 1997. Sodiumcalcium interactions in two wheat species differing in salinity tolerance. Physiol Plant. 99: 323–327.
  • Demirel, K., Çamoğlu, G., İnalpulat, M., Kahrıman, F., Genç, L., 2014. Tuz ve potasyum uygulamalarının mısırın yaprak su durumu ile bazı agronomik ve yansıma özelliklerine etkileri. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2 (1) :1–9.
  • Fan, X., Sokorai, K.J.B., 2005. Assessment of radiation sensitivity of freshcut vegetables using electrolyte leakage measurement. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 36: 191–197.
  • Garmendia, I., Mangas, V.J., 2014. Comparative study of substrate–based and commercial formulations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in romaine lettuce subjected to salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 37: 1717–1731.
  • Garrido, Y., Tudela, J.A., Marın, A., Mestre, T., Martınez, V., Gil, M., 2013. Physiological, phytochemical and structural changes of multi–leaf lettuce caused by salt stress. J Sci Food Agric. 94: 1592–1599.
  • Ghoulam, C., Foursy, A., Fores, K., 2002. Effects of salt stress on growth inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars. Enviromental and Exp. Botany. 47: 39–50.
  • Gomez–Canedas, A., Arbona, V., Jacas, J., Primo–Millo, E., Talon, M., 2003. Absisic acid reduced leaf abscission and increases salt tolerance in citrus plants. J. Plant Growth Regul. 21: 234– 240.
  • Han, H.S., Lee, K.D., 2005. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria effect on antioxidant status, photosynthesis, mineral uptake and growth of lettuce under soil salinity. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 1 (3): 210–215.
  • Kacar, B., Katkat, A.V., 2006. Bitki Besleme. Nobel Yayın No: 849. Fen ve Biyoloji Yayın Dizisi:29 ISBN 975–591–834–5. 2. Basım, 589 s. Ankara.
  • Kacar, B., Katkat, A.V., Öztürk, Ş., 2009. Bitki Fizyolojisi. Nobel Yayın No: 848, 556 s. Ankara.
  • Kaya, C., Higgs, D., Kirnak, H., 2001. The effects of high salinity and supplementary phosphorus and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 27 (3–4): 47–59.
  • Kaya, C., Higgs, D., 2003. Supplementary potassium nitrate ımproves salt tolerance in bell pepper plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 26 (7): 1367–1382.
  • Kaya, C., Tuna, A.L., 2005. The role and importance of potassium in the plant grown under salt stress. Int. Potash Institute. Optimizing Crop Nutrition, Potassium in Soil, Plant and Agro Ecosystem. http://www.ipipotash.org/en/speech/index.php?o=270.
  • Larcher, W., 1995. Physiological Plant Ecology, Published by Springer, ISBN 0–387–09795–3, New York, 506p.
  • Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., Bouharmont, J., 1996. NaCl induced senescence in leaves of rice cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann. Bot. 78: 389–398.
  • Mekki, B.B., Orabi, S.A., 2007. Response of prickly lettuce to uniconazole and irrigation with diluted seawater. American–Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 2 (6): 611–618.
  • Meloni, D.A., Oliva, M.A., Martinez, C.A., Cambraia, J., 2003. Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 49: 69–76.
  • Munns, R., Tester, M., 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance, Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59: 651–681.
  • Neocleous, D., Koukounaras, A., Siomos, A.S., Vasilakakis, M., 2014. Changes in photosynthesis, yield, and quality of baby lettuce under salinity stress. J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 16: 1335–1343.
  • Parida, A.K., Das, A.B., 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 60: 324–349.
  • Qin, L., Guo, S., Ai, W., Tang, Y., Cheng, Q., Chen, G., 2013. Effect of salt stress on growth and physiology in amaranth and lettuce: Implications for bioregenerative life support system. Advances in Space Research 51 (3): 476–482
  • Taban, S., Katkat, A.V., 2000. Effect of salt stress on growth and mineral elements concentrations in shoot and root of maize plant. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 6 (2): 119–122.
  • Taiz, L., Zieger, E., 2008. Bitki Fizyolojisi (Üçüncü baskıdan çeviri; Çeviri editörü İsmail Türkan). Palme Yayıncılık.
  • Tesi, R., Lenzi, A., Lombardi, P., 2003. Effect of salinity and oxygen level on lettuce growth in a floating system. Acta Hort. 609: 383–386.
  • Turhan, A., Kuscu, H., Ozmen, N., Serbeci, M.S., Demir, A.O., 2014. Effect of different concentrations of diluted seawater on yield and quality of lettuce. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 74: 111–116.
  • TÜİK, 2014. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul
  • Uçar, Y., Kadayıfçı, A., Erdal, İ., Tuylu, G.İ., Senyiğit, U., 2007. Effect of potassium fertilization on lettuce's (Lactuca sativa L.) under different sodium media. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 19 (5): 4083–4092.
  • Umar, S., 2006. Alleviating adverse effects of water stress on yield of sorghum, mustard and groundnut by potassium application. Pak. J. Bot. 38 (5): 1373–1380.
  • Yağmur, M., Kaydan, D., Okur, N., 2006. Potasyum uygulamasının tuz stresindeki arpanın fotosentetik pigment içeriği, ozmotik potansiyel, K+/Na+ oranı ile bitki büyümesindeki etkileri. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 12 (2): 188–194.
  • Yagmur, B., Aydın, S., Okur, B., Cosku, A., 2010. Effect of salt in irrigation water on some physical and chemical properties of lettuce plant and soil. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 22 (1): 531–538.
  • Yakıt, S., Tuna, A.L., 2006. Tuz stresi altındaki mısır bitkisinde (Zea mays L.) stres parametreleri üzerine Ca, Mg ve K’nın etkileri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 19 (1): 59–67.
  • Yıldırım, M., Bahar, E., Demirel, K., 2014. Farklı sulama düzeylerinin serada yetiştirilen kıvırcık marulun verim ve bitki fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi. 12. Ulusal Kültürteknik Sempozyumu, 21–23 Mayıs, Tekirdağ (Basımda).
  • Yılmaz, E., Tuna, A.L., Bürün, B., 2011. Bitkilerin tuz stresi etkilerine karşı geliştirdikleri tolerans stratejileri. C.B.Ü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 7 (1): 47–66.
  • Yurtseven, E., Kesmez, G.D., Unlukara, A., 2005. The effects of water salinity and potassium levels on yield, fruit quality and water consumption of a native central anatolian tomato species (Lycopersicon esculantum). Agricultural Water Management. 78: 128–135.

The Effects on Yield and Some Physio-Morphological Traits of Different Salinity and Potassium Treatments in Lettuce

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 89 - 97, 01.06.2015

Öz

This study was conducted to determine effects on yield and some physicological (relative water content, stomatal conductance and membrane leakage) and morphological (plant height and diameter, total and thrown leaves) traits of lettuce plant at different salinity and potassium levels in the winter period in 2011–2012 under greenhouse conditions.Two different salinity (0.6 dS m-1 (T0) and 4.0 dS m-1 (T1)) and four different potassium levels (5 kg da-1 (K1), 16 kg da-1 (K2), 32 kg da-1 (K3) and 48 kg da-1 (K4)) were applied in this research. As a result of the study, It was seen that the yield of lettuce was affected significantly by salinity irrigation water and the increase in potassium level applied had not a positive effect on yield.The yield and physiological traits reduced because of much more potassium application than necessary under non–salinity conditions. Potassium did not affect the yield and only membrane leakage from physiological traits under salinity conditions. The highest stomatal conductance and relative water content values were obtained from treatments applicated much more potassium than necessary in lettuce irrigated by both non–salinity and salinity water. It was seen that plant height and leaf number from morphological traits did not change by increase or decrease of salinity and potassium levels. As a result, it was seen that increasing of salt levels affected negatively plant growth, and applying of much more potassium than necessary did not reduce the salinity stress

Kaynakça

  • Al–Maskri, A., Al–Kharusi, L., Al–Miqbali, H., 2010. Effects of salinity stress on growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under closed–recycle nutrient film technique. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12: 377–380.
  • Anaç, D., Aksoy, U., Anaç, S., Hepaksoy, S., Can, Z., 1979. Potassium and leaf water relations under saline conditions, Sci. Reg. IPI satellite prog.
  • Andriolo, J.L., Da Luz, G.L., Witter, M.H., Godoi, R.S., Barros, G.T., Bortolotto, O.C., 2005. Growth and yield of lettuce plants under salinity. Hort. Brazil., 23: 931–934.
  • Ashraf, M., 2004. Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. Flora. 199: 361–376.
  • Bar–Tal, A., Feigenbaum, S., Sparks, D.L., 1991. Potassium–salinity interactions in irrigated corn. Irrigation Science. 12: 27–35.
  • Beringer, H., Trolldenier, G., 1978. Influence of K nutrition on the response to environmental stresses. In: Potassium Research–Reviews and Trends”. International Potash Institute, Basel, Switzerland. pp. 189–222.
  • Bohra, J.S., Doerffling, K., 1993. K nutrition of rice (O. sativa L.) varieties under NaCl salinity. Plant and Soil. 152 (2): 299–303.
  • Bowman, W.D., 1989. The relationships between leaf waterstatus, gas exchange, and spectral reflectance in cotton leaves. Remote Sensing of Environment. 30: 249–255.
  • Cemek, B., Ünlükara, A., Karaman, S., Gökalp, Z., 2011. Effects of evapotranspiration and soil salinity on some growth parameters and yield of lettuce (Lactuca saliva var. crispa)", Zemdırbyste–Agrıculture. 98: 139–148.
  • Çiçek, N., Çakirlar, H., 2002. The effect of salinity on some physiological parameters in two maize cultivars. Bulg. J.Plant Physiol. 28 (1–2): 66–74.
  • Çulha, Ş., Çakırlar, H., 2011. Tuzluluğun bitkiler üzerine etkileri ve tuz tolerans mekanizmaları. AKÜ FEBİD. 11: 11–34.
  • Davenport, R.J., Reid, R.J., Smith, F.A., 1997. Sodiumcalcium interactions in two wheat species differing in salinity tolerance. Physiol Plant. 99: 323–327.
  • Demirel, K., Çamoğlu, G., İnalpulat, M., Kahrıman, F., Genç, L., 2014. Tuz ve potasyum uygulamalarının mısırın yaprak su durumu ile bazı agronomik ve yansıma özelliklerine etkileri. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2 (1) :1–9.
  • Fan, X., Sokorai, K.J.B., 2005. Assessment of radiation sensitivity of freshcut vegetables using electrolyte leakage measurement. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 36: 191–197.
  • Garmendia, I., Mangas, V.J., 2014. Comparative study of substrate–based and commercial formulations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in romaine lettuce subjected to salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 37: 1717–1731.
  • Garrido, Y., Tudela, J.A., Marın, A., Mestre, T., Martınez, V., Gil, M., 2013. Physiological, phytochemical and structural changes of multi–leaf lettuce caused by salt stress. J Sci Food Agric. 94: 1592–1599.
  • Ghoulam, C., Foursy, A., Fores, K., 2002. Effects of salt stress on growth inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars. Enviromental and Exp. Botany. 47: 39–50.
  • Gomez–Canedas, A., Arbona, V., Jacas, J., Primo–Millo, E., Talon, M., 2003. Absisic acid reduced leaf abscission and increases salt tolerance in citrus plants. J. Plant Growth Regul. 21: 234– 240.
  • Han, H.S., Lee, K.D., 2005. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria effect on antioxidant status, photosynthesis, mineral uptake and growth of lettuce under soil salinity. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 1 (3): 210–215.
  • Kacar, B., Katkat, A.V., 2006. Bitki Besleme. Nobel Yayın No: 849. Fen ve Biyoloji Yayın Dizisi:29 ISBN 975–591–834–5. 2. Basım, 589 s. Ankara.
  • Kacar, B., Katkat, A.V., Öztürk, Ş., 2009. Bitki Fizyolojisi. Nobel Yayın No: 848, 556 s. Ankara.
  • Kaya, C., Higgs, D., Kirnak, H., 2001. The effects of high salinity and supplementary phosphorus and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 27 (3–4): 47–59.
  • Kaya, C., Higgs, D., 2003. Supplementary potassium nitrate ımproves salt tolerance in bell pepper plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 26 (7): 1367–1382.
  • Kaya, C., Tuna, A.L., 2005. The role and importance of potassium in the plant grown under salt stress. Int. Potash Institute. Optimizing Crop Nutrition, Potassium in Soil, Plant and Agro Ecosystem. http://www.ipipotash.org/en/speech/index.php?o=270.
  • Larcher, W., 1995. Physiological Plant Ecology, Published by Springer, ISBN 0–387–09795–3, New York, 506p.
  • Lutts, S., Kinet, J.M., Bouharmont, J., 1996. NaCl induced senescence in leaves of rice cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann. Bot. 78: 389–398.
  • Mekki, B.B., Orabi, S.A., 2007. Response of prickly lettuce to uniconazole and irrigation with diluted seawater. American–Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 2 (6): 611–618.
  • Meloni, D.A., Oliva, M.A., Martinez, C.A., Cambraia, J., 2003. Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 49: 69–76.
  • Munns, R., Tester, M., 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance, Annual Review of Plant Biology. 59: 651–681.
  • Neocleous, D., Koukounaras, A., Siomos, A.S., Vasilakakis, M., 2014. Changes in photosynthesis, yield, and quality of baby lettuce under salinity stress. J. Agr. Sci. Tech. 16: 1335–1343.
  • Parida, A.K., Das, A.B., 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 60: 324–349.
  • Qin, L., Guo, S., Ai, W., Tang, Y., Cheng, Q., Chen, G., 2013. Effect of salt stress on growth and physiology in amaranth and lettuce: Implications for bioregenerative life support system. Advances in Space Research 51 (3): 476–482
  • Taban, S., Katkat, A.V., 2000. Effect of salt stress on growth and mineral elements concentrations in shoot and root of maize plant. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 6 (2): 119–122.
  • Taiz, L., Zieger, E., 2008. Bitki Fizyolojisi (Üçüncü baskıdan çeviri; Çeviri editörü İsmail Türkan). Palme Yayıncılık.
  • Tesi, R., Lenzi, A., Lombardi, P., 2003. Effect of salinity and oxygen level on lettuce growth in a floating system. Acta Hort. 609: 383–386.
  • Turhan, A., Kuscu, H., Ozmen, N., Serbeci, M.S., Demir, A.O., 2014. Effect of different concentrations of diluted seawater on yield and quality of lettuce. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 74: 111–116.
  • TÜİK, 2014. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul
  • Uçar, Y., Kadayıfçı, A., Erdal, İ., Tuylu, G.İ., Senyiğit, U., 2007. Effect of potassium fertilization on lettuce's (Lactuca sativa L.) under different sodium media. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 19 (5): 4083–4092.
  • Umar, S., 2006. Alleviating adverse effects of water stress on yield of sorghum, mustard and groundnut by potassium application. Pak. J. Bot. 38 (5): 1373–1380.
  • Yağmur, M., Kaydan, D., Okur, N., 2006. Potasyum uygulamasının tuz stresindeki arpanın fotosentetik pigment içeriği, ozmotik potansiyel, K+/Na+ oranı ile bitki büyümesindeki etkileri. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 12 (2): 188–194.
  • Yagmur, B., Aydın, S., Okur, B., Cosku, A., 2010. Effect of salt in irrigation water on some physical and chemical properties of lettuce plant and soil. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 22 (1): 531–538.
  • Yakıt, S., Tuna, A.L., 2006. Tuz stresi altındaki mısır bitkisinde (Zea mays L.) stres parametreleri üzerine Ca, Mg ve K’nın etkileri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 19 (1): 59–67.
  • Yıldırım, M., Bahar, E., Demirel, K., 2014. Farklı sulama düzeylerinin serada yetiştirilen kıvırcık marulun verim ve bitki fiziksel özelliklerine etkisi. 12. Ulusal Kültürteknik Sempozyumu, 21–23 Mayıs, Tekirdağ (Basımda).
  • Yılmaz, E., Tuna, A.L., Bürün, B., 2011. Bitkilerin tuz stresi etkilerine karşı geliştirdikleri tolerans stratejileri. C.B.Ü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 7 (1): 47–66.
  • Yurtseven, E., Kesmez, G.D., Unlukara, A., 2005. The effects of water salinity and potassium levels on yield, fruit quality and water consumption of a native central anatolian tomato species (Lycopersicon esculantum). Agricultural Water Management. 78: 128–135.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA28VF73HG
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökhan Çamoğlu Bu kişi benim

Kürşad Demirel Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çamoğlu, G., & Demirel, K. (2015). Marulda Farklı Tuz ve Potasyum Uygulamalarının Verim ve Bazı Fizyo-Morfolojik Özelliklere Etkileri. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 89-97.