Çabuk Kuvvet Antrenmanlarının Elit Erkek Boksörlerde Üst Ekstremite Anaerobik Güce Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı çabuk kuvvet antrenmanlarının elit erkek boksörlerde üst ekstremite anaerobik güce etkisinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Çalışmaya Burdur Boks Kulübünde aktif lisanslı olan 20 erkek gönüllü olarak katıldı. Boksörler rastgele yöntemle Kontrol Grubu (KG) ve Çabuk Kuvvet Grubu (ÇKG) olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. KG rutin boks antrenmanlarına devam ederken; ÇKG’na ek olarak üst ekstremiteye yönelik çabuk kuvvet antrenmanları uygulandı. Anaerobik gücü belirlemek için “Wingate Üst Ekstremite Anaerobik Güç Testi” yapıldı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistik, Eşleştirilmiş t-Testi ve Kovaryans Analizi kullanıldı. Analizler “p<0,05” önem derecesine göre değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Grupların Eşleştirilmiş t-Testi sonuçları incelendiğinde, ön ve son test anaerobik güç testi değerlerinin karşılaştırılması sonucunda KG ve ÇKG değerlerinde fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0,05). Anaerobik güç testi değerlerinin gruplar arası kovaryans analizi sonucunda ön test değerlerinde farka rastlanmazken (p>0,05); son test değerlerinde fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çabuk kuvvet antrenmanlarının sinir-kas koordinasyon iş birliğini sağlaması ve kuvvet üretim hızını artırması amacı dikkate alındığında, sezon öncesi antrenman programlarına, yıllık antrenman dönemlerine, blok antrenmanlara ve özel hazırlık dönemlerine branşa özgü hareketlerle desteklenerek eklenmesinin daha etkili olacağı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çabuk Kuvvet
• Boks
• Üst Ekstremite
• Anaerobik Güç

The Effect of Quick Strength Training on Upper Extremity Anaerobic Power in Elite Male Boxers

Öz

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of quick strength training on upper extremity anaerobic power in elite male boxers. Method: 20 male volunteers who were active licensed in Burdur Boxing Club participated in the study. The boxers were randomly divided into two groups: Control Group (CG) and Quick Strength Group (QSG). While CG continues his routine boxing training; quick strength training for the upper extremity was applied to QSG additionally. “Wingate Upper Extremity Anaerobic Power Test” was performed to determine anaerobic power. Descriptive statistics, Paired t-Test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data. Analyzes were evaluated according to the significance level of "p<0.05". Results: When the Paired t-Test results of the groups were examined, the difference in CG and QSG values was found to be statistically significant as a result of comparing the pre and post anaerobic power test values (p<0.05). As a result of the inter-group covariance analysis of anaerobic power test values, no difference was found in the pre-test values (p>0.05); hovewer the difference in post-test values was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the aim of quick strength training to ensure neuromuscular coordination cooperation and increase force production speed, it can be said that it would be more effective to add it to pre-season training programs, annual training periods, block training and special preparation periods, supported by branch-specific movements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Quick Strength
• Box
• Upper Extremity
• Anaerobic Power.

Kaynakça

1. Alp M, Suna G. (2020). Effects of interval sprint trainings on heart rate and 50 m swimming performances of young male swimmers. Journal of Education and Learning. 9(2), 242-247.
2. Anderson CE, Sforzo GA, Sigg JA. (2008). The effects of combining elastic and free weight resistance on strength and power in athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 22: 567-574.
3. Baker DG, Newton RU. (2009). Effect of kinetically altering a repetition via the use of chain resistance on velocity during the bench press. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 23, 1941-1946.
4. Chaabene H, Tabben M, Mkaouer B, Franchini E, Negra Y, Hammami M, Amara S, Chaabene RB, Hachana Y. (2015). Amateur boxing: Physical and physiological attributes. Sports Medicine. 45(3), 337-352.
5. Çingöz YE. (2016). Cinsiyete göre yetişkin (kadın-erkek) karate ve taekwondo sporlarında el tercihi ve başarı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
6. Davis P, Leithäuser RM, Beneke R. (2014). The energetics of semicontact 3× 2-min amateur boxing. International journal of sports physiology and performance. 9(2), 233-239.
7. Franchini E, Vecchio FB, Matsushigue KA, Artioli GG. (2011). Physiological profiles of elite judo athletes. Sport Medicine. 41(2), 147-166.
8. Fry AC, Kraemer WJ. (1991). Physical performance characteristics of American collegiate football players. J. Appl. Sports Sci. Res. 5(3), 126-138.

9. Ghigiarelli JJ, Nagle EF, Gross FL, Robertson RJ, Irrgang JJ, Myslinski T. (2009). The effects of a 7-week heavy elastic band and weight chain program on upper-body strength and upper-body power in a sample of division 1-aa football players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 23, 756-764.
10. Ghosh AK. (2010). Heart rate, oxygen consumption and blood lactate responses during specific training in amateur boxing. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences. 22(1), 1-12.
11. Hermassi SC. (2011). Effects of 8-week in-season upper and lower limb heavy resistance training on the peak power, throwing velocity, and sprint performance of elite male handball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 25(9), 2424-2433.
12. Inbar O, Bar-Or O, Skinner JS. (1996). The wingate anaerobic test. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic.
13. Israetel MA, McBride JM, Nuzzo JL, Skinner JW, Dayne AM. (2010). Kinetic and kinematic differences between squats performed with and without elastic bands. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 24, 190-194.
14. James LP, Robertson S, Haff GG, Beckman EM, Kelly VG. (2017). Identifying the performance characteristics of a winning outcome in elite mixed martial arts competition. Journal of science and medicine in sport. 20(3), 296-301.
15. James LP, Haff GG, Kelly VG, Beckman EM. (2016). Towards a determination of the physiological characteristics distinguishing successful mixed martial arts athletes: a systematic review of combat sport literature. Sports Medicine. 46, 1525-1551.
16. Kaneko M, Fuchimoto T, Toji H, Suei K. (1983). Training effects of different loads on the force velocity relationship and mechanical power output in human muscle. Scandinavian Journal of Sports Science. (5)2, 50-55.
17. Loturco I, Bishop C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Romano F, Alves M, Pereira LA, McGuigan M. (2018). Optimum power loads for elite boxers: case study with the Brazilian national olympic team. Sports. 6(3), 95.
18. Ozan M. (2013). Sporcularda kol ve bacak Wingate testleri ile anaerobik gücün değerlendirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
19. Pierce JD, Reinbold KA, Lyngard BC, Goldman RJ, Pastore CM. (2006). Direct measurement of punch force during six professional boxing matches. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports. 2(2), 1-19.
20. Piorkowski BA, Lees A, Barton GJ. (2011). Single maximal versus combination punch kinematics. Sports Biomechanics. 10(1), 1-11.
21. Rhea MR, Kenn JG, Dermody BM. (2009). Alterations in speed of squat movement and the use of accommodated resistance among college athletes training for power. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 23, 2645-2650.
22. Ritschel J. (2008). The kickboxing handball. New York: The Rosen Publication Group.
23. Ruddock AD, Wilson DC, Thompson SW, Hembrough D, Winter EM. (2016). Strength and conditioning for professional boxing: Recommendations for physical preparation. Strength and Conditioning Journal. 38(3), 81-90.
24. Savaş S, Uğraş A. (2014). Sekiz haftalık sezon öncesi antrenman programının üniversiteli erkek Boks, Taekwondo ve Karate sporcularının fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellikleri üzerine olan etkileri. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 24(3), 257–274.
25. Shoepe T, Ramirez D, Rovetti R, Kohler D, Almstedt H. (2011). The effects of 24 weeks of resistance training with simultaneous elastic and free weight loading on muscular performance of novice lifters. Journal of Human Kinetics. 29, 93-106.
26. Slimani M, Chaabene H, Davis P, Franchini E, Cheour F, Chamari K. (2017a). Performance aspects and physiological responses in male amateur boxing competitions: A brief review. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 31(4), 1132-1141.
27. Slimani M, Miarka B, Cheour F. (2017b). Effects of competitive level and gender on anthropometric profile and physiological attributes in kickboxers. Collegium Antropolgical. 41(3), 267-274.
28. Young W, Wilson G, Byrne C. (1999). Relationship between strength qualities an performance; in standing and run-up vertical jumps. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 39, 285-292.