Spor ve Sağlık Bilimleri Öğrencilerinde Yurt Dışı Kariyer Niyeti Finansal İyilik ve Mutluluk

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı spor bilimleri ve sağlık bilimleri öğrencilerinin yurt dışı kariyer niyetlerinin, finansal iyilik ve mutluluk algı düzeylerinin tespit edilmesi ve cinsiyet, bölüm, sınıf ve yaş değişkenlere göre farklılıklarının tespit edilmesidir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada nicel bir araştırma yöntemi olan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın grubunu, İzmir Demokrasi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 346 öğrenci (yaş = 21,86 ± 3,61) oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla toplam dört bölümden oluşan ölçme aracı kullanılmıştır. İlk bölümde katılımcıların cinsiyeti, yaşı, bölümü ve sınıf düzeyi ile ilgili demografik sorular yer almaktadır. İkinci bölümde ise Yurt Dışı Kariyer Niyeti Ölçeği, Finansal İyilik Hali Ölçeği ve Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin normal dağılımı Basıklık ve Çarpıklık değerleri ile belirlenmiş ve verilerin analizinde parametrik analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, katılımcıların Yurt Dışı Kariyer Niyet Ölçeği ve Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Forumundan elde ettikleri ortalama puanın yüksek seviyede olduğu, Finansal İyilik Hali Ölçeğinden elde ettikleri ortalama puan orta seviyede olduğu, tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların eğitim alınan bölüm değişkenine göre gruplar arası istatistiksel fark tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra katılımcıların yaşları ile yurt dışı kariyer niyetleri arasında düşük seviyede pozitif bir korelasyon saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırma sonucuna göre katılımcıların finansla iyilik hali algılıları ile mutluluk algı seviyeleri arasında pozitif bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda katılımcıların finansal durumlarına ilişkin algılarının mutluluk algı seviyeleri ile ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal İyilik
• Yurt Dışı Kariyer
• Mutluluk
• Üniversite Öğrencileri

International Career Intention, Financial Well-being, and Happiness in Sports and Health Sciences Students

Öz

Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine the international career intentions, financial well-being and happiness perception levels of sports sciences and health sciences students and to determine the differences according to gender, department, class and age variables. Method: This study employed a correlational screening model, a quantitative research method. The study group consisted of 346 students (age = 21.86 ± 3.61) studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences at Izmir Democracy University. A four-part measurement tool was used to collect data. The first part included demographic questions regarding the participants' gender, age, department, and grade. The second part used the Overseas Career Intention Scale, the Financial Well-being Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Scale Short Form. Normal distribution of the data in the study was determined using Kurtosis and Skewness values, and parametric analysis methods were used in data analysis. Results: According to the research results, the participants' average scores on the Overseas Career Intentions Scale and the Oxford Happiness Scale Short Form were high, while their average scores on the Financial Well-Being Scale were moderate. The research results revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups based on the participants' department of study. Furthermore, a low-level positive correlation was found between the participants' age and their overseas career intentions. Conclusion: The research results revealed a positive correlation between the participants' perceived financial well-being and their perceived happiness. In this context, participants' perceptions of their financial situation appear to be related to their perceived happiness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financial Well-Being
• Happiness
• International Career
• University Student

Kaynakça

1. Ahmadiani, M., Ferreira, S., & Kessler, J. (2022). What makes people happy? Evidence from International Data. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(5), 2083-2111.
2. Akkermans, J., da Motta Veiga, S. P., Hirschi, A., & Marciniak, J. (2024). Career transitions across the lifespan: A review and research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 148, 103957.
3. Arber, S., Fenn, K., & Meadows, R. (2014). Subjective financial well-being, income and health inequalities in mid and later life in Britain. Social science & medicine (1982), 100, 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.10.016
4. Arifoulline, N., Milot‐Lapointe, F., & Le Corff, Y. (2024). The clinical effects of individual career counseling on clients’ psychological distress. The Career Development Quarterly, 72(3), 174-188.
5. Arthur, M.B.; Arthur, M.B.; Hall, D.T.; Lawrence, B.S. (Eds.) Handbook of Career Theory; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1989.
6. Aydın, O. A., Mutlu, H., Pozanti, S., & Soysal, F. (2025). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Gelecek Kaygıları ile Beyin Göçü Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Journal of Innovative Healthcare Practices, 6(2), 101-114.
7. Beine, M., Docquier, F., & Rapoport, H. (2008). Brain drain and human capital formation in developing countries: winners and losers. The Economic Journal, 118(528), 631-652.
8. Bonneton, D. (2025). Talents as career capitalists: How talent management programs influence individual career paths. Human Resource Development International, 28(2), 194-221.

9. Chirumbolo, A., Callea, A., & Urbini, F. (2022). Living in Liquid Times: The Relationships among Job Insecurity, Life Uncertainty, and Psychosocial Well-Being. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(22), 15225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215225
10. Coupland, C. (2004). Career definition and denial: A discourse analysis of graduate trainees’ accounts of career. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(3), 515-532.
11. Coupland, C. (2004). Career definition and denial: A discourse analysis of graduate trainees’ accounts of career. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(3), 515-532.
12. Dağyar, M., Gamze, K., & Ugurlu, N. (2020). Academic career awareness and academic career interest among Turkish undergraduate students. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(5), 937–954. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i5.5123
13. Dfarhud, D., Malmir, M., & Khanahmadi, M. (2014). Happiness & Health: The Biological Factors- Systematic Review Article. Iranian journal of public health, 43(11), 1468–1477.
14. Diener, E. (2021). Happiness: the science of subjective well-being. Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. Retrieved from http://noba. to/qnw7g32t.
15. Doğan, T., & Çötok, N. A. (2011). Oxford mutluluk ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of the short form of the Oxford happiness questionnaire into Turkish: A validity and reliability study]. Türk psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik dergisi, 4(36), 165-172.
16. Downward, P., Rasciute, S. & Kumar, H. Health, subjective financial situation and well-being: a longitudinal observational study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 18, 203 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01456-3
17. Döşyılmaz, E., & Şirin, T. (2021). Examining the professional career values and career awareness of athlete-students: the sample of the faculty of sports sciences. Physical Education of Students, 25(4), 239-248.2021
18. Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
19. Granrose, C. S., & Portwood, J. D. (1987). Matching individual career plans and organizational career management. Academy of management Journal, 30(4), 699-720.
20. Grogger, J., & Hanson, G. H. (2011). Income maximization and the selection and sorting of international migrants. Journal of Development Economics, 95(1), 42-57.
21. Haibo, Y., Xiaoyu, G., Xiaoming, Z., & Zhijin, H. (2018). Career adaptability with or without career identity: how career adaptability leads to organizational success and individual career success?. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(4), 717-731.
22. Hair, J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010) Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Educational International.
23. Hall, D. T. (2002). Careers In and Out of Organizations. London: SAGE Publications, Inc. P. 66
24. Healy, C. C., O'Shea, D., & Crook, R. H. (1985). Relation of career attitudes to age and career progress during college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32(2), 239.
25. Hills, P. ve Argyle, M. (2002). The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences 33, 1073–1082.
26. Jiang, Y., Lu, C., Chen, J., Miao, Y., Li, Y., & Deng, Q. (2022). Happiness in University Students: Personal, Familial, and Social Factors: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(8), 4713. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084713
27. Jiang, Z., Wang, Y., Li, W., Peng, K. Z., & Wu, C. H. (2023). Career proactivity: A bibliometric literature review and a future research agenda. Applied Psychology, 72(1), 144-184.
28. Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
29. Ketterson, T. U., & Blustein, D. L. (1997). Attachment relationships and the career exploration process. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(2), 167-178.
30. Klausen S.H. Happiness, dispositions, and the self. J. Happiness Stud. 2016;17:995–1013. doi: 10.1007/s10902-015-9628-6.
31. Koekemoer, D., Munyai, Z., & S. J., L. S. F. (2019). Income and Subjective Financial Well-Being as Determining Factors of Life Satisfaction. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 11(1(J), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i1(J).2753
32. Körner, A., Lechner, C. M., Pavlova, M. K., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2015). Goal engagement in coping with occupational uncertainty predicts favorable career-related outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 88, 174-184.
33. Kristin Bjørnnes, A., Torbjørnsen, A., Sigridur Anna Thordardottir, B., Lund, A., Johannes Hovland, O., & Skeie Skarpaas, L. (2025). Exploring intentions: factors influencing international study decisions in healthcare bachelor degree programs. BMC Medical Education, 25(1), 555.
34. Kundi, Y. M., Hollet-Haudebert, S., & Peterson, J. (2021). Linking protean and boundaryless career attitudes to subjective career success: A serial mediation model. Journal of Career Assessment, 29(2), 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072720959782
35. Kutlu, S. S., Cetinbakis, M. & Kutlu, M. (2019). Universite Son Sinif Ogrencilerinde Issizlik Kaygisi: Bandirma Onyedi Eylul Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Ogrencileri Uzerine Bir Uygulama. Ekev Academy Magazine, 23(78), 511–522.
36. Li, K., Omar Dev, R. D., & Li, W. (2025). Physical activity and happiness of college students: chain mediating role of exercise attitude and sleep quality. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1544194.
37. Liu, W., Li, Z., & Zhao, H. (2025). Analyzing the effect of physical exercise on subjective well-being of university students using the chain mediation model. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 18913.
38. Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. penguin.
39. Marcos-Pardo, P. J., Espeso-García, A., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., Abelleira-Lamela, T., Esparza-Ros, F., and González-Gálvez, N. (2023). Physical and psychological effects of outdoor fitness equipment training on middle-aged and older adults: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc. Med. 9:e001829. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001829
40. Mihal, W. L., Sorce, P. A., & Comte, T. E. (1984). A process model of individual career decision making. Academy of Management Review, 9(1), 95-103.
41. Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Polenakovic, M., Bosevski, M., and Apostolopoulos, V. (2017). Exercise and mental health. Maturitas 106, 48–56. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003
42. Norvilitis, J. M., Szablicki, P. B., & Wilson, S. D. (2003). Factors influencing levels of creditcard debt in college students. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 935-947.DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01932.x. Orpen, C. (1994). The effects of organizational and Individual Career Management on CareerSuccess. International journal of manpower, 15(1), 27-37.
43. Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2019). Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity and Life Satisfaction, Happiness and Perceived Health Status in University Students from 24 Countries. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(12), 2084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122084
44. Rahi, S. (2017). Research design and methods: A systematic review of research paradigms, sampling issues and instruments development. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 6(2), 1-5. DOI: 10.4172/2162-6359.1000403
45. Singh, S., Kshtriya, S., & Valk, R. (2023). Health, Hope, and Harmony: A Systematic Review of the Determinants of Happiness across Cultures and Countries. International journal of environmental research and public health, 20(4), 3306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043306
46. Temel, A. S., & Tükel, Y. (2021). Examining the Health Outcomes and Happiness Levels That Result from Engaging in Physical Recreation: A Study on University Students. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 7(2), 545-561.
47. Thielking, M.; Brownfield, N.R.; Quinn, S.; Bates, G. We Want to Know: Financial Stress, Accommodation Insecurity and Food Insecurity in Undergraduate Students: Results from the 2018 Higher Education Accommodation and Financial Stress Survey; Swinburne University of Technology: Melbourne, Australia, 2019.
48. Tims, M., & Akkermans, J. (2020). Job and career crafting to fulfill individual career pathways. Career pathways–School to retirement and beyond, 165-190.
49. Tsui, H. C. (2014). What affects happiness: Absolute income, relative income or expected income?. Journal of Policy Modeling, 36(6), 994-1007.
50. Ustun, U. D. (2018). Future time perspective and reduction in motivation for recreation department students in Turkey. Journal of Educational Issues, 4(2), 27–35. doi:10.5296/jei.v4i2.13618
51. Uthayakumar, R., Schimmack, U., Hartung, P. J., & Rogers, J. R. (2010). Career decidedness as a predictor of subjective wellbeing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(2), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.07.002
52. Wang, D., & Li, Y. (2024). Career construction theory: tools, interventions, and future trends. Frontiers in psychology, 15, 1381233.
53. Yaşar, O. M., Turğut, M., Özgen, C., & Gürkan, O. (2024). Üniversite Öğrencilerine İlişkin Yurt Dışı Kariyer Niyeti Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 54-64.
54. Zemtsov, A. A., & Osipova, T. Y. (2016). Financial wellbeing as a type of human wellbeing: theoretical review. The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences EpSBS, 7, 385-392.