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Çeşitli Spor Disiplinleriyle Zenginleştirilmiş Hareket Eğitimi Derslerinin Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Psikomotor Gelişimine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 32 - 46, 31.12.2025

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, okul öncesi çocuklarda motor beceri gelişimine yönelik üç spor branşına özgü hareket antrenman programının karşılaştırmalı etkileri araştırılmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya altı yaşında yirmi üç çocuk katılmıştır. Ön test tamamlandıktan sonra katılımcılar rastgele üç gruptan birine atanmıştır: aikido (n = 8), basketbol (n = 7) veya tenis (n = 8). Her grup, sekiz haftalık bir müdahale dönemi boyunca haftada iki kez spora özgü hareket eğitimi almıştır. Kaba motor becerileri, müdahaleden önce ve sonra kaba kas grubu motor beceri testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm veriler parametrik olmayan istatistiksel prosedürler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Ön test sonuçları, gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermiştir (p > 0,05). Buna karşılık, son test analizleri, basketbol grubunun nesne kontrol alt ölçeğinde (basketbol: 40,42 ± 2,820; aikido: 31,62 ± 5,449; p < 0,05) ve toplam büyük kas grubu beceri testi (GMST, Gross Muscle Group Motor Skill Test) puanında (basketbol: 85,71 ± 4,572; aikido: 74,00 ± 6,325; p < 0,05) aikido grubuna kıyasla önemli bir avantaj ortaya koymuştur. Her üç grup da ön testten son teste önemli gelişmeler göstermiştir (p < 0,05), bu da eğitim programlarının olumlu etkilerini göstermektedir. Ancak, ön test-son test fark puanlarının karşılaştırılması, gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark göstermemiştir (p > 0,05).
Sonuç: Genel olarak, bulgular aikido, basketbol veya tenis temelli hareket eğitimine katılımın okul öncesi çocuklarda kaba motor beceri performansında iyileşmelere katkıda bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak basketbol eğitimi, nesne kontrolü gerektiren becerilerde nispeten daha fazla gelişme sağlayabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Bastik, C., Kalkavan, A., Yamaner, F., Şahin, S., & Güllü, A. (2011). Investigation of basic motor skills according to TGMD-2 test on male athletes of 10 ages group who participated to competitions in individual, team and racket sports branches. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 421–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.080
  • Bayazıt, B. (2015). The effects of basketball basic skills training on gross motor skills development of female children. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(5), 648–653. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2014.2020
  • Bojanić, J., Bojanić, M., Gadžić, A., & Milosavljević, S. (2018). A comparative analysis of the motor abilities of children who train applied aikido and their non-sporting peers. Sport – Science & Practice, 8(1), 5–13. Retrieved from https://sportnaukaipraksa.vss.edu.rs/pdf/SNP-08-01_EN/ANALYSIS-OF-THE-MOTOR-ABILITIES-OF-CHILDREN.pdf
  • Fotrousi, F., Bagherly, J., & Ghasemi, A. (2012). The compensatory impact of mini-basketball skills on the progress of fundamental movements in children. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5206–5210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.410
  • Gallahue, D. L., Ozmun, J. C., & Goodway, J. D. (2012). Development of fundamental movement: Locomotor skills. In Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (pp. 185–221). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Goodway, J. D., Ozmun, J. C., & Gallahue, D. L. (2019). Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (8th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Günsel, A. M. (2004). İlköğretimde beden eğitimi ve uygulamaları (2. baskı). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Heilmann, F., Wollny, R., & Weinberg, H. (2022). The impact of practicing open- vs. closed-skill sports on executive functions: A meta-analytic and systematic review with a focus on characteristics of sports. Brain Sciences, 12(8), 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081071
  • Kale, R. (2003). Okulöncesi dönemde beden eğitimi ve oyun öğretimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kerkez, F. İ. (2012). Sağlıklı büyüme için okulöncesi dönemdeki çocuklarda hareket ve fiziksel aktivite. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), 34–42. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sbd/issue/16376/171341
  • Kezić, A. N. A., Šimunović, I., & Kalinski, S. D. (2020). Application of the TGMD-2 test in early school-age children for determining the level of fundamental movement skills in different sports. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(2), 635–639. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.02093
  • McDonough, D. J., Liu, W., & Gao, Z. (2020). Effects of physical activity on children’s motor skill development: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BioMed Research International, Article 8160756. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8160756
  • Mehtap, B. (2024). The effect of physical education and sports activities on the motor skills of preschool children. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 26(2), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1508720
  • Quan, S., Liao, Y., Ji, Y., & Zheng, S. (2024). Structured training on gross motor skills and physical fitness in 4–5-year-old children. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 12, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1466911
  • Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues, L. P., & D’Hondt, E. (2015). Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health. Sports Medicine, 45(9), 1273–1284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6
  • Stephani, M. R., Sumarno, G., & Wibowo, R. (2019). Early childhood motor development: Descriptive study in Moslem kindergarten school. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2018) (Vol. 11, pp. 243–245). https://doi.org/10.2991/icsshpe-18.2019.69
  • Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
  • Sun, S., & Chen, C. (2024). The effect of sports game intervention on children’s fundamental motor skills: A systematic review. Children, 11(2), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11020254
  • Topkaya, İ. (2004). Oyun, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretiminin eğitsel temelleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Ulrich, D. A. (2000). Test of gross motor development (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. Vişne Yalçın, H. G. (2024). 4–6 yaş grubu çocuklarda eğitsel oyunlarla desteklenmiş temel yüzme eğitiminin kaba motor becerilere olan etkisi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Yıldırım, D. S., Bilge, M., & Çağlar, E. (2019). Effects of a training program based LTAD approach on gross motor skills among 6–8 years old children. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2, 35–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2532778

The Influence of Movement Education Lessons Enriched with Various Sports Disciplines on Early Childhood Psychomotor Development

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 32 - 46, 31.12.2025

Öz

Purpose: This study investigated the comparative effects of three sport-specific movement training programs on motor skill development in preschool children.
Method: Twenty-three children aged six years participated in the study. After completing a pretest, participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: aikido (n = 8), basketball (n = 7), or tennis (n = 8). Each group received sport-specific movement instruction twice weekly over an eight-week intervention period. Gross motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention using a gross muscle group motor skill test (GMST). All data were analyzed using appropriate nonparametric statistical procedures.
Results: Pretest results indicated no significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05). In contrast, posttest analyzes revealed a significant advantage for the basketball group compared with the aikido group in the object control subscale (basketball: 40.42 ± 2.820; aikido: 31.62 ± 5.449; p < 0.05) and in the total GMST score (basketball: 85.71 ± 4.572; aikido: 74.00 ± 6.325; p < 0.05). All three groups demonstrated significant improvements from pretest to posttest (p < 0.05), indicating positive effects of the training programs. However, comparisons of pretest–posttest difference scores showed no significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Overall, the findings suggest that participation in aikido, basketball, or tennis–based movement education contributes to improvements in gross motor skill performance among preschool children. Basketball training, however, may provide relatively greater enhancement in skills requiring object control.

Kaynakça

  • Bastik, C., Kalkavan, A., Yamaner, F., Şahin, S., & Güllü, A. (2011). Investigation of basic motor skills according to TGMD-2 test on male athletes of 10 ages group who participated to competitions in individual, team and racket sports branches. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 421–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.080
  • Bayazıt, B. (2015). The effects of basketball basic skills training on gross motor skills development of female children. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(5), 648–653. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2014.2020
  • Bojanić, J., Bojanić, M., Gadžić, A., & Milosavljević, S. (2018). A comparative analysis of the motor abilities of children who train applied aikido and their non-sporting peers. Sport – Science & Practice, 8(1), 5–13. Retrieved from https://sportnaukaipraksa.vss.edu.rs/pdf/SNP-08-01_EN/ANALYSIS-OF-THE-MOTOR-ABILITIES-OF-CHILDREN.pdf
  • Fotrousi, F., Bagherly, J., & Ghasemi, A. (2012). The compensatory impact of mini-basketball skills on the progress of fundamental movements in children. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5206–5210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.410
  • Gallahue, D. L., Ozmun, J. C., & Goodway, J. D. (2012). Development of fundamental movement: Locomotor skills. In Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (pp. 185–221). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Goodway, J. D., Ozmun, J. C., & Gallahue, D. L. (2019). Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (8th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Günsel, A. M. (2004). İlköğretimde beden eğitimi ve uygulamaları (2. baskı). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Heilmann, F., Wollny, R., & Weinberg, H. (2022). The impact of practicing open- vs. closed-skill sports on executive functions: A meta-analytic and systematic review with a focus on characteristics of sports. Brain Sciences, 12(8), 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081071
  • Kale, R. (2003). Okulöncesi dönemde beden eğitimi ve oyun öğretimi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kerkez, F. İ. (2012). Sağlıklı büyüme için okulöncesi dönemdeki çocuklarda hareket ve fiziksel aktivite. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(1), 34–42. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sbd/issue/16376/171341
  • Kezić, A. N. A., Šimunović, I., & Kalinski, S. D. (2020). Application of the TGMD-2 test in early school-age children for determining the level of fundamental movement skills in different sports. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(2), 635–639. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.02093
  • McDonough, D. J., Liu, W., & Gao, Z. (2020). Effects of physical activity on children’s motor skill development: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. BioMed Research International, Article 8160756. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8160756
  • Mehtap, B. (2024). The effect of physical education and sports activities on the motor skills of preschool children. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 26(2), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.15314/tsed.1508720
  • Quan, S., Liao, Y., Ji, Y., & Zheng, S. (2024). Structured training on gross motor skills and physical fitness in 4–5-year-old children. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 12, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1466911
  • Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues, L. P., & D’Hondt, E. (2015). Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental trajectories of health. Sports Medicine, 45(9), 1273–1284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0351-6
  • Stephani, M. R., Sumarno, G., & Wibowo, R. (2019). Early childhood motor development: Descriptive study in Moslem kindergarten school. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2018) (Vol. 11, pp. 243–245). https://doi.org/10.2991/icsshpe-18.2019.69
  • Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
  • Sun, S., & Chen, C. (2024). The effect of sports game intervention on children’s fundamental motor skills: A systematic review. Children, 11(2), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11020254
  • Topkaya, İ. (2004). Oyun, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretiminin eğitsel temelleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Ulrich, D. A. (2000). Test of gross motor development (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. Vişne Yalçın, H. G. (2024). 4–6 yaş grubu çocuklarda eğitsel oyunlarla desteklenmiş temel yüzme eğitiminin kaba motor becerilere olan etkisi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Yıldırım, D. S., Bilge, M., & Çağlar, E. (2019). Effects of a training program based LTAD approach on gross motor skills among 6–8 years old children. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2, 35–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2532778
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Beden Eğitimi ve Oyun, Motor Kontrol, Spor Biliminde Hareket Eğitimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Haşim Katra 0000-0002-6271-6114

Bilgetekin Burak Günar 0000-0001-7693-4844

Onur Akgün 0000-0001-5459-4383

Sevilay Tozyılmaz Girgin 0000-0002-6161-4140

Mehmet Saruhan 0000-0002-0038-5305

Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Katra, H., Günar, B. B., Akgün, O., … Tozyılmaz Girgin, S. (2025). The Influence of Movement Education Lessons Enriched with Various Sports Disciplines on Early Childhood Psychomotor Development. 8(4), 32-46.

Sayın Araştırmacılar,

Spor Bilimleri alanındaki çalışmaları içeren uluslararası nitelikte ve hakemli dergi olarak yayımlanan ÇOMÜ Spor Bilimleri Dergisi'nin 2026 yılında yayınlanacak makaleleri için dergimizin kapsamı dahilinde olan konularla ilgili özgün araştırma ve derleme türünde İngilizce makaleler kabul edilecektir. Bu anlamda 2026 yayın dönemi için 2026 yılı Kasım ayı sonuna kadar makale gönderilebilir. Bilgilerinize sunulur.

Editör Prof. Dr. Hürmüz KOÇ