A Comparative Study of Foreign Direct Investment: Ottoman and Russian Empires

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 71 - 110, 03.06.2018

V. Necla Geyikdağı M. Yaşar Geyikdağı

Öz

As yet, a comparative study of foreign investments
directed towards the Russian and Ottoman Empires does not exist. They were part
of the less developed periphery of Europe during the nineteenth century. The
main goal of the capital exporting countries was to market their manufactured
products and acquire raw materials. By following an independent policy of high
tariffs, Russia partially overcame the problem through compelling foreigners to
invest for manufacturing locally. However, in the Ottoman Empire, as foreigners
did not face any protectionist obstacles to sell their manufactures, foreign
direct investment inflows came only to the sectors that facilitated trade.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, foreign direct investment, trade policy, protectionism

Osmanlı ve Rus İmparatorluklarında Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar

Öz

Osmanlı ve Rus
İmparatorluklarında yapılan yabancı yatırımların bir kıyaslaması bugüne kadar
yapılmadı. Bu yazı Avrupa’nın az gelişmiş bir çevresi olarak görülen bu iki
büyük imparatorluğun son yüzyılındaki doğrudan yabancı sermaye olgusunu ele
almaktadır. Sermaye ihraç eden ülkelerin başlıca amacı bu ülkelere sanayi
ürünlerini pazarlamak ve onlardan ham madde temin etmekti. Ruslar bağımsız bir
ticaret politikası uygulayarak gümrük tarifelerini istedikleri gibi
yükseltebildiklerinden yabancı sermayeyi tercih ettikleri alanlara çekmeyi ve
ülkelerinde yabancıların sanayi yatırımı yapmalarını sağladılar. Fakat Avrupa
ülkeleriyle yapılan serbest ticaret anlaşmaları nedeniyle koruyucu gümrük
engelleri koyamayan Osmanlı Devleti’nde, yabancılar sanayi üretimini gerçekleştirecek
yatırımlara girişmeyerek, ancak ticareti kolaylaştıracak alt ve üst yapı
yatırımlarını gerçekleştirmişlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Rus İmparatorluğu, doğrudan yabancı sermaye, ticaret politikası, korumacılık

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