An immunological perspective on neurodevelopmental disorders

Öz

Neurodevelopmental disorders are the general name of the conditions that appear early in life, have a chronic course, and are caused by various nervous system problems that affect the structure and functioning of the brain, and progress with different neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The reasons for the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD),attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specific learning disorders and communication disorders have not been fully elucidated. Studies conducted to investigate the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders were reviewed via the PUBMED database using the keywords ‘developmental disorders’, ‘autism’, ‘attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder’, ‘specific learning disorder’, ‘language disorder’, ‘immunology’. From the review, it was concluded that exposure to intrauterine maternal antibodies and comorbidity with allergic diseases may cause neurodevelopmental disorders or exacerbate the symptoms. In this review, the role of immunological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders is emphasized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• neurodevelopmental disorders
• autism
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• dyslexia
• immunology

Nörogelişimsel bozukluklara immünolojik perspektiften bakış

Öz

Nörogelişimsel bozukluklar yaşamın erken döneminde ortaya çıkan, süreğen bir seyir gösteren, beynin yapısını ve işleyişini etkileyen çeşitli sinir sistemi sorunlarından kaynaklanan, farklı nörolojik ve psikiyatrik belirtilerle seyreden tabloların genel adıdır. Otizm spektrum bozuklukları (OSB), dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB), özgül öğrenme bozukluğu (ÖÖB), iletişim bozukluğu gibi nörogelişimsel bozuklukların ortaya çıkışındaki nedenler tam olarak aydınlatılabilmiş değildir. Nörogelişimsel bozuklukların etiyolojisini araştırmaya yönelik yapılan çalışmalar PUBMED veritabanı üzerinden ‘gelişimsel bozukluklar’, ‘otizm’, ‘dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu’, ‘özgül öğrenme bozukluğu’, ‘dil bozukluğu’ ve ‘immünoloji’ anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak yazın bilgileri gözden geçirilmiştir. Yapılan derlemeden intrauterin maternal antikorlara maruziyetin ve alerjik hastalıklarla komorbiditenin nörogelişimsel bozukluk tablolarına yol açabileceği ya da var olan tabloyu olumsuz etkileyebileceği sonucu çıkarılmıştır. Bu derlemede nörogelişimsel bozukluklarda immünolojik mekanizmaların rolü vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nörogelişimsel bozukluklar
• otizm
• dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu
• disleksi
• immünoloj
• immünoloji

Kaynakça

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