Genetic Research and The Future of Nutrition Therapy

Öz

Following the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2001, research has increasingly explored the interplay between genetics and biological processes, particularly in nutrition. Despite this interest, studies published in Turkish examining the relationship between genetics and nutrition remain limited. This review aims to synthesize current literature on the intersections of genetics, disease, and nutrition, focusing on how genetic structures influence nutritional needs and how diets can affect gene expression. It discusses the uses and limitations of genetic testing, noting their restricted utility in predicting complex disease risks. To enhance patient care, training curricula for healthcare providers must incorporate clinical genetics, molecular testing, and nutritional genomics. An evidence-based approach is essential to ensure that personalized dietary recommendations informed by genetic insights offer health benefits without causing harm. Ultimately, future research in nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics should investigate how dietary patterns affect gene expression, aiding clinicians in categorizing obese patients and managing weight loss stages. Although nutrigenomic profiling tests lack validation for clinical use currently, they hold potential for improving patient outcomes through targeted genetic counseling in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nutrigenomics
• Epigenetics
• Genetic Tests
• Precision Nutrition

Genetik Araştırmalar ve Beslenme Tedavisinin Geleceği

Öz

İnsan Genomu Projesi’nin sonuçlarının 2001 yılında yayınlanmasından sonraki çalışmalar genetik bilgilerin biyolojik süreçleri nasıl etkilediği üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu tarihten günümüze kadar Türkçe yayımlanmış, beslenmeyle ilintisini ortaya koyan çalışma sayısı yetersizdir. Bu derlemede genetik alanında önemli kavramlar açıklanarak genetik, hastalık ve beslenme ilintisi genetik yapının beslenme üzerindeki etkisi ve diyetin gen ifadesi üzerindeki etkileri hakkında güncel literatürün yorumlanması amaçlanmıştır. Genetik testlerin kullanım alanları ve sınırlılıkları tartışılmış, özellikle genetik testlerin karmaşık hastalıkların risk tahmininde sınırlı fayda sağladığı görülmüştür. Sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcılarının eğitim müfredatları klinik genetik, moleküler testler ve beslenme genomiği konusunda güçlendirilmelidir. Beslenme genomiğinden elde edilen bilgiyle kişiselleştirilmiş önerilerin bireylere sağlık açısından fayda sağladığını ve zarar vermediğini doğrulamak için kanıta dayalı bir yaklaşım sergilenmelidir. Sonuç olarak beslenme ve beslenme örüntülerinin gen ekspresyonunu nasıl etkilediğini inceleyecek gelecekteki nutrigenetik ve nutrigenomik çalışmaları, klinisyenlere obez hastaları alt tiplere ayırmada ve akut veya uzun süreli ağırlık kaybının farklı aşamalarını tanımlamada rehberlik edebilir. Her ne kadar nutrigenomik ve gen profili oluşturma testleri klinik uygulama açısından doğrulanmamış olsa da, gelecekte bu testler hedefe yönelik nutigenetik danışmanlık sağlanarak hastalık tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nutrigenetik
• Epigenetik
• Genetik Testler
• Kişiselleştirilmiş Beslenme

Kaynakça

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