Sirkadiyen Ritim ve Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası: Sağlığın Senkronize Uyumu

Öz

Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, insan sağlığında kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Mikrobiyota, bağışıklık sisteminin gelişimi, olgunlaşması ve işleyişi gibi birçok fizyolojik süreci modüle ederek sağlığı etkilemektedir. Mikrobiyotanın kompozisyonu; yaş, cinsiyet, beslenme, stres ve özellikle sirkadiyen ritim gibi faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Son yıllarda, sirkadiyen ritmin bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile çift yönlü bir ilişkide olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sirkadiyen ritim, vücuttaki biyolojik süreçlerin 24 saatlik döngülerle senkronize olmasını sağlamaktadır. Mikrobiyota, sirkadiyen gen ekspresyonunu etkilerken, sirkadiyen ritim de mikrobiyal kompozisyonu değiştirebilmektedir. Bu etkileşim; obezite, tip 2 diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve nörodejeneratif bozukluklar gibi kronik hastalıkların gelişiminde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu derlemede, mikrobiyota ve sirkadiyen ritmin genel özellikleri sunularak, özellikle kardiyometabolik hastalıklar bağlamında aralarındaki etkileşimin olası mekanizmaları ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sirkadiyen ritim
• Bağırsak mikrobiyotası
• sağlık

Circadian Rhythm and Gut Microbiota: Synchronized Harmony of Health

Öz

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in human health. Microbiota affects health by modulating many physiological processes such as development, maturation and functioning of the immune system. The composition of the microbiota is influenced by factors such as age, gender, nutrition, stress and especially circadian rhythm. In recent years, it has been revealed that circadian rhythm has a bidirectional relationship with gut microbiota. Circadian rhythm ensures that biological processes in the body are synchronised with 24-hour cycles. While the microbiota affects circadian gene expression, circadian rhythm can also alter microbial composition. This interaction plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, the general characteristics of microbiota and circadian rhythm are presented and the possible mechanisms of their interaction, especially in the context of cardiometabolic diseases, are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gut microbiota
• circadian rhythm
• health

Kaynakça

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