Vaccines used in Echtyma disease and alternative treatment methods

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 82 - 91, 30.09.2022

Yakup Sinan Orta Kamil Atlı Mehmet Kale

Öz

Ecthyma is a worldwide zoonotic disease with a significant morbidity rate among sheep and goats, which leading to yield losses. Orf virus (ORFV), the cause of ecthyma, is in the parapoxvirus genus, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae and family Poxviridae. ORFV enters the living body through damaged tissues and multiplies in epidermal cells. Ecthyma is usually transmitted to healthy animals by contact from infected animals. Disease can be observed experimentally or naturally in wild and domestic animal species such as camel, alpaca, squirrel, seal, reindeer, musk ox, mule deer, white-tailed deer, antelope, roe deer, and wildebeest. Although ORFV is endemic in many countries, it is not included in the status of a notifiable disease by OIE (Office International des Épizooties). However, ORFV is recognized by the OIE as a zoonotic disease and produces limited localized pustular lesions, usually on the hands of humans. This disease has a mortality rate of 10-90% in lambs and kids, while it has a low mortality rate in adult sheep and goats. Mortality rate increases because of lambs and kids do not suckle their mothers and secondary bacterial infections. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), caprine papillomavirus (CaPV), mycoplasma, streptococcus, staphylococcus agents can also be seen together with ORFV. This disease, which can be seen periodically in small cattle, has recently been seen in every period of the year, resulting in the need to develop new approaches in the treatment of the disease. In this review, detailed information was given about the vaccines and alternative treatment methods that are widely used all over the world in the protection and treatment of ORFV, induced ecthyma in sheep and goats.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ecthyma, protection, treatment, vaccine, alternative methods

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Proje Numarası

None

Teşekkür

None

Kaynakça

• 1. Mondal B, Bera AK, Hosamani M, Tembhurne PA, Bandyopadhyay SK. Detection of orf virus from an outbreak in goats and its genetic relation with other parapoxviruses. Vet Res Commun 2006;30:531–9.
• 2. McKeever D, Jenkinson DM, Hutchison G, Reid H. Studies of the pathogenesis of orf virus infection in sheep. J Comp Pathol 1988;99:317–28.
• 3. Haig DM, McInnes CJ. Immunity and counter immunity during infection with the parapoxvirus orf virus. Virus Res 2002;88:3–16.
• 4. Gumbrell RC, McGregor DA. Outbreak of severe fatal orf in lambs. Vet Rec 1997;141:150-1.
• 5. Vetal Dermavac. SearchEngineWatch Web site. https://vetal.com.tr/dermavac. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 6. T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı İstanbul Pendik Veteriner Kontrol Enstitüsü. Penorf Aşısı (Ektima). SearchEngineWatch Web site https://vetkontrol.tarimorman.gov.tr/pendik/Menu/18/Urunlerimiz. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 7. Dollvet. Orfdoll Canlı Ektima Aşısı. SearchEngineWatch Web https://dollvet.com.tr/urunler/orfdoll/. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 8. Colorado Serum Company. Ovine Ecthyma Vaccine. SearchEngineWatch Web https://colorado-serum-com.3dcartstores.com/ovine-ecthyma. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 9. Musser JMB, Taylor CA, Guo J, Tizard IR, Walker JW. Development of a contagious ecthyma vaccine for goats. Am J Vet Res 2008;69:1366–70.
• 10. Bimeda Biologicals. Ovine Ecthyma Vaccine. SearchEngineWatch Web https://www.bimedabiologicals.com/products/sheep-vaccines. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 11. Hosamani M, Scagliarini A, Bhanuprakash V, McInnes CJ, Singh RK. Orf: an update on current research and future perspectives. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009;7:879-93.
• 12. NOAH Compendium. Scabivax® Forte. SearchEngineWatch Web https://www.noahcompendium.co.uk/?id=-456135. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 13. Rziha HJ, Henkel M, Cottone R, Bauer B, Auge U, Götz F, et al. Generation of recombinant parapoxviruses: non-essential genes suitable for insertion and expression of foreign genes. J Biotechnol 2000;83:137-45.
• 14. Ramyar H. Etude sur la possibilité du contrôle de l'ecthyma contagieux a l'aide d'un virus vaccin préparé sur cultures cellulaires. Arch Razi Inst 1973;25:5-7.
• 15. Gallina L, Scagliarini A, Ciulli S, Prosperi S. Cloning and expression of Orf virus F1L gene: possible use as subunit vaccine. Vet Res Commun 2004;1:291-93.
• 16. Schmidt C, Cargnelutt, JF, Martins M, Weiblen R, Flores, EF. Vacina experimental produzida em cultivo celular confere proteção parcial contra o ectima contagioso em ovinos. Pesqui Vet Bras 2012;32:11-6.
• 17. Mercante MT, Lelli R, Ronchi GF, Pini, A. Production and efficacy of an attenuated live vaccine against contagious ovine ecthyma. Vet Ital 2008;44:543-7.
• 18. Abousenna MS, Amal AM, Aziz HA, Barghooth WM, Shafik NG. Determination of the effect of ecthyma vaccine virus on immunity against the foot and mouth disease (fmd) vaccine in sheep. J Anim Health Prod 2020;8:19-26.
• 19. Anton M (1981). Orf virus, process for the preparation of an orf virus live vaccine and its use for parenteral protective inoculation against orf infections in sheep and goats. SearchEngineWatch Web https://patents.google.com/patent/DE3136430A1. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 20. Inst Biokhim Fiziol Akademii N (1981). Live virus cultural vaccine against contagious ecthyma and method for preparing same. SearchEngineWatch Web https://patents.google.com/patent/GB2097671A. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 21. Khanduev TT, Imanov ED, Gusev BN, Sultanov TS, Makarova EV, Salidinov B, Chormonova NB (1981). Live vaccine against contagious ecthyma of sheep-prepd. from virus attenuated by passaging on foetal skin cells. SearchEngineWatch Web https://patents.google.com/patent/FR2499411A1. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 22. Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of CAAS (2014). Attenuated vaccine of contagious ecthyma virocyte as well as preparation method and application thereof. SearchEngineWatch Web https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104017776A. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 23. Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of CAAS (2015). Goatpox virus-orf virus combined cell attenuated vaccine and its preparation method and use. SearchEngineWatch Web https://patents.google.com/patent/CN104758928A. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 24. Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of CAAS (2016a). Goat pox, sheep pox and aphtha triple cell attenuated vaccine and preparation method and application thereof. SearchEngineWatch Web https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106075429B/. Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 25. Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of CAAS (2016b). Sheep pox and orf bivalent cell attenuated vaccine and preparation method and application thereof. SearchEngineWatch Web https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106139141B/ Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 26. Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute of CAAS (2016c). A kind of sore mouth virus recombinant protein antigen vaccine and preparation method thereof. SearchEngineWatch Web https://patents.google.com/patent/CN105727278B/ Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 27. Dalal A, Kumar V, Chaudhary D, Bansal N, Kumar A, Kakker N, et al. Past and present overview of “Orf.” Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2017;6:2159–73.
• 28. Shimizu K, Takaiwa A, Takeshima SN, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Genetic variability of 30-proximal region of genomes of orf viruses isolated from sheep and wild japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) in Japan. Front Vet Sci. 2020;7:1–7.
• 29. Vetter V, Denizer G, Friedland LR, Krishnan J, Shapiro M. Understanding modern-day vaccines: What you need to know. Ann Med 2018;50:110–20.
• 30. Bull JJ, Nuismer SL, Antia R. Recombinant vector vaccine evolution. PLoS Comput Biol 2019;15:e1006857.
• 31. Baron MD, Iqbal M, Nair V. Recent advances in viral vectors in veterinary vaccinology. Curr Opin Virol 2018;29:1–7.
• 32. Yogisharadhya R, Kumar A, Bhanuprakash V, Shivachandra SB. Evaluation of a recombinant major envelope protein (F1L) based indirect—ELISA for sero-diagnosis of orf in sheep and goats. J Virol Methods 2018;261:112–20.
• 33. Cappellano G, Comi C, Chiocchetti A, Dianzani U. Exploiting PLGA-based biocompatible nanoparticles for next-generation tolerogenic vaccines against autoimmune disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20:204.
• 34. Bharali DJ, Pradhan V, Elkin G, Qi W, Hutson A, Mousa SA, et al. Novel nanoparticles for the delivery of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 2008;4:311–7.
• 35. Nazeri S, Najafabadi SP, Aali E, Karimpour A, Sarmadi M, Hasanvand M, et al. Comparative study on global genetic diversity and population genetic analysis of orf virus isolates from outbreaks and it’s implications for the vaccine development. Am J Biomed Sci Res 2020;8:235-45.
• 36. Sarac F, Control PV, Hasoksuz M, Uzar S, Control PV. The use of rabbits in studies of immunity and safety of Contagious Ecthyma (CE) vaccine. Front Vet Sci 2020;31:75–81.
• 37. Nagata S. Apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2018;36:489–517.
• 38. Liu TY, Hussein WM, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Advances in peptide-based human papillomavirus therapeutic vaccines. Curr Top Med Chem 2012;12:1581–92.
• 39. Landry S, Heilman C. Future directions in vaccines: The payoffs of basic research. Health Aff 2005;24:758–69.
• 40. Flower DR. Bioinformatics for Vaccinology. USA: JohnWiley & Sons: Hoboken; 2008.
• 41. Jorge S, Dellagostin OA. The development of veterinary vaccines: A review of traditional methods and modern biotechnology approaches. Biotechnol Res Innov 2017;1:6–13.
• 42. Bull JJ, Smithson MW, Nuismer SL. Transmissible viral vaccines. Trends Microbiol 2018;26:6–15.
• 43. Struzik J, Szulc-Dabrowska L. NF-kB as an important factor in optimizing poxvirus-based vaccines against viral infections. Pathogens 2020;9:1001.
• 44. Bița R, Răpuntean G, Răpuntean S. Treatment efficacy in udder localisation of contagious ecthyma in sheep and goats. Lucr Ştiint Ser Med Vet 2010;53:931-6.
• 45. Brahma J, Saharia J, Sarma M, Boro P. Successful treatment of contagious ecthyma (ORF) in Assam hill goats by using turmeric powder and aloe vera gel preparation. J Entomol Zool Stud 2020;8:1454-6.
• 46. Onyango J, Mata F, McCormick W, Chapman S. Prevalence risk factors and vaccination efficacy of contagious ovine ecthyma (orf) in England. Vet Rec 2014;175:326.
• 47. Chauhan SL, Agnihotri D, Batra K, Sharma M, Kumar T, Sindhu N, et al. Detection and therapeutic management of contagious ecthyma (ORF) in a kid. Pharma Innovation 2021;10:486-8.
• 48. Dar KH, Tufani NA, Dar SH, Hafiz A, Naikoo MD. Comparative therapeutic management of contagious ecthyma in small ruminants. Intas Polivet 2015;16:431-5.
• 49. Lacasta D, Reina R, de Arcaute MR, Ferrer LM, Benito AA, Tejedor MT, et al. Effect of a topical formulation on infective viral load in lambs naturally infected with orf virus. VMRR 2021;12:149-58.
• 50. De Clercq E. Cidofovir in the therapy and short-term prophylaxis of poxvirus infections. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2002;23:456-8.
• 51. Geerinck K, Lukito G, Snorek R. A case of human orf in an immunocompromised patient treated succesfully with cidofavir cream. J Med Virol 2001;64:543-9.
• 52. Gurel MS, Ozardali I, Bitiren M, San I, Zeren H. Giant orf on the nose. Eur J Dermatol 2002;12:183-5.
• 53. Sonvico F, Colombo G, Gallina L. Therapeutic paint of cidofovir/sucralfate gel combination topically administered by spraying for threatment of orf virus infections. AAPS J 2009;11:242–9.
• 54. Geerlings E. Sheep husbandry and ethoveterinary knowledge of Raika sheep pastoralis in Rajastan, India. [MSc. Thesis]. The Netherlands: Wageningen University; 2001. SearchEngineWatch Web http://www.pastoralpeoples.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/egfull.pdf Accessed April 19, 2022.
• 55. Van Lingen RG, Frank RG, Koopman RJ, Jonkman MF. Human orf complicated by mucous membrane pemphigoid. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006;31:711-2.
• 56. Papilend®,™ Krem Prospektüsü. Hass Tarım&Hayvancılık. SearchEngineWatch Web https://hasstarim.com/hayvancilik-urunleri/hayvan-bakim-urunleri/prd-papilend-sigil-kremi-10g Accessed Arpil 19, 2022.
• 57. Liu JZ, Heo I, Hong MS, Seo JM, Jo SN, Lee JY, et al. The therapeutic effect of ozone on contagious ecthyma in Korean native goats. J Vet Clin 2006;23:14-7.
• 58. Sunitha T, Roshin MR, Venkatachalapathy RT. Treatment of contagious ecthyma (ORF) lesions in Malabari goats using ethno veterinary medicine. The Pharma Innovation 2019;8:927-8.
• 59. Wang R, Wang Y, Liu F, Luo S. Orf virus: A promising new therapeutic agent. Rev Med Virol 2019;29:e2013.
• 60. Adeyeye OA, Osuntade EO, Irekhore OT, Akande FA. Ethnoveterinary practices among small-holder goat farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. MSP 2021;5:1.