DİRENÇLİ ŞEHİRLER İÇİN DEPREME DAYANIKLI YAPI TASARIMINDA SİSMİK İZOLASYON

Öz

Ülkemizde, 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş’ta yaşanan son Mw=7.8 Pazarcık ve Mw=7.5 Elbistan Depremleri sonrasında toplumun yaşadığı sıkıntılar, doğal afetler karşısında hızla toparlanarak günlük yaşantıya devam edebilecek dirençli şehirler oluşturmanın önemi bir kez daha acı bir şekilde ortaya koymuştur. Bu tür büyük depremler sonrasında yapıların ayakta kalabilmesi can güvenliği açısından şart olmakla birlikte, dirençli bir şehir için bunun yeterli olmadığı, kamu binalarının ve hatta endüstriyel tesislerin işlevlerine kesintisiz bir şekilde devam etmesi gerektiği, konutlardaki hasarın da sınırlı ve onarılabilir seviyede kalması gerektiği açıkça görülmüştür. Yapılarda bu deprem performansını sismik izolasyon teknolojisi ile sağlamak mümkündür. Yapının uzayan periyodu sayesinde kat ivmelerinin ve etkin deprem kuvvetlerinin azaltıldığı, deprem enerjisinin bir kısmının da izolasyon seviyesinde sönümlendiği sismik izolasyon sistemleri hem içindekileri hem de yapının kendisini depremin zararlı etkilerinden koruyabilmektedir. 50.000’den fazla kişinin hayatını kaybettiği ve 300.000’den fazla binanın hemen kullanılamaz hale geldiği 6 Şubat 2023 depremlerinden etkilenen bölgede bulunan sismik izolasyonlu hastane yapılarının depremi hiç hasar almadan atlatmış olması bunun en çarpıcı örneği olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, sismik izolasyonunun tanımı yapılarak sismik izolasyon uygulamaları anlatılmış, sismik izolasyonlu bina tasarımına ilişkin ana adımlar ortaya konarak örnek bir sismik izolasyonlu bina modellenmesine ve tasarımına yer verilmiş ve oluşturulan model kullanılarak yakın-fay ve düşey deprem etkileri tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Depreme Dayanıklı Yapı
• Sismik İzolasyon
• Sönümleyici
• Yakın-fay Etkisi
• Düşey Deprem Etkisi

SEISMIC ISOLATION IN EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR RESILIENT CITIES

Öz

The problems experienced by the society after the latest Mw=7.8 Pazarcık and Mw=7.5 Elbistan Earthquakes, which last happened in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023 in our country painfully demonstrated the importance of creating resilient cities that can continue daily life by recovering rapidly in the face of natural disasters. Although the survival of buildings after such major earthquakes is essential in terms of life safety, it has been clearly seen that this is not enough for a resilient city, that public buildings and even industrial facilities must continue their functions uninterruptedly, and that the damage to the residences must remain limited and or repairable. It is possible to provide this earthquake performance in buildings with seismic isolation technology. Seismic isolation systems, in which floor accelerations and effective earthquake forces are reduced thanks to the extended period of the building, and some of the earthquake energy is damped at the isolation level, can protect both the contents and the building itself from the harmful effects of the earthquake. The most striking example of this is that the seismically isolated hospital buildings in the region affected by the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, in which more than 50,000 people lost their lives and immediate occupancy became impossible for more than 300,000 buildings, survived the earthquake without any damage. In this study, the definition of seismic isolation is made, seismic isolation applications are explained, the modeling a sample seismically isolated building and its behavior under near-fault and vertical earthquake effects are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Earthquake-Resistant Structure
• Seismic Isolation
• Damper
• Near-Fault Effect
• Vertical Earthquake Effect

Kaynakça

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