Emek Piyasalarının Kurumsal Çeşitliliği: Esneklik, Koruma ve Neo-Liberal Söylemin Sınırları

Öz

Farklı kapitalizm türlerinin, emek piyasası performansı açısından farklı sonuçlar ürettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Liberal Piyasa Ekonomilerinin, Eşgüdümlü Piyasa Ekonomilerine göre emek piyasaları açısından daha iyi performans gösterdiği sıklıkla vurgulanmaktadır. Bunun nedeni olarak, emek piyasalarındaki kurumsal düzenlemelerin zayıf olması öne sürülmektedir. Ancak zamanla bu söylem geçerliliğini yitirmeye başlamıştır. Kurumsal düzenlemelerin yoğun olduğu, katı emek piyasalarına sahip ülkelerin emek piyasası performansı açısından olumlu gelişmeler gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışma şu sorunun cevabını aramaktadır: Emek piyasası performansı açısından, esnek emek piyasaları, katı ve kurallı emek piyasalarına göre daha iyi sonuçlar mı doğurur? Bu amaçla, kapitalizmin çeşitleri literatürü dikkate alınarak 25 ülkenin emek piyasası kurumları incelenmiştir. Betimleyici istatistiklerin kullanılmasıyla elde edilen bulgular, emek piyasalarında esneklik yönünde bir baskının var olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna rağmen, farklı modellerin ve kurumsal yapıların varlığını sürdürdüğü ve bu yapıların emek piyasaları bağlamında başarılı sonuçlar ürettiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kapitalizmin Çeşitleri
• Emek Piyasaları
• İşsizlik
• Liberal Piyasa Ekonomisi
• Eşgüdümlü Piyasa Ekonomisi

Varieties of Labour Market Institutions: Flexibility, Social Protection, and The Limits of Neoliberal Orthodoxy

Öz

It has been observed that different types of capitalism generate different outcomes in terms of labour market performance. In this context, it is often emphasized that Liberal Market Economies perform better in labour markets compared to Coordinated Market Economies, a performance often attributed to the weaker institutional regulations in LMEs. However, over time, the validity of this claim has begun to decline. Countries with rigid labour markets, characterized by more extensive institutional regulations, have demonstrated positive developments in labour market performance. In this regard, the study seeks to answer the following question: Do flexible labour markets yield better outcomes than rigid and regulated labour markets in terms of labour market performance? To this end, the labour market institutions of 25 countries were examined, taking into account the literature on Varieties of Capitalism. The findings obtained through descriptive statistics indicate that there is pressure toward labour market flexibility. Nevertheless, it has also been observed that different models and institutional structures continue to exist, and these structures have achieved successful outcomes in the context of labour markets.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Varieties of Capitalism
• Labour Markets
• Unemployment
• Liberal Market Economy
• Coordinated Market Economy.

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