Nitelikli İşgücü Göçü ve Entegrasyon: Türkiye’den Almanya’ya Göç Eden Hekimler Örneği

Öz

Bu makale, Türkiye’den Almanya’ya göç eden hekimlerin entegrasyon deneyimlerini, nitelikli işgücü göçü perspektifinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada entegrasyon, denklik ve dil yeterliliğini içeren yapısal boyut, profesyonel ve mesleki kabulü içeren işgücü piyasası boyutu ile gelir, yaşam koşulları ve aidiyeti kapsayan toplumsal boyut çerçevesinde bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada göçmen hekimleri entegrasyon sürecinin pasif nesneleri olarak değil, sürecin aktif özneleri olarak değerlendiren bir yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Araştırma nicel ve nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin birlikte kullanıldığı karma yöntem desenine dayanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Almanya’ya göç etmiş 277 hekime çevrim içi anket uygulanmış, 30 hekimle de derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları Almanya’ya göç eden hekimlerin entegrasyonu tamamlanmış bir durumdan ziyade, farklı boyutlarda ilerleyen dinamik bir süreç olarak algıladıklarını göstermektedir. İşgücü piyasasına entegrasyonun görece kısa sürede gerçekleştiği, buna karşılık toplumsal ilişkiler, sosyal ağlar ve aidiyet temelinde şekillenen toplumsal entegrasyonun daha yavaş ilerleyen ve devam eden bir nitelik taşıdığı belirlenmiştir. Bulgular ayrıca hekimlerin büyük çoğunluğunun Almanya'da kalıcı olarak yaşama ve vatandaşlık edinme eğiliminde olduğunu, yaşam ve çalışma koşullarını Türkiye ile kıyasladıklarında belirgin bir biçimde olumlu değerlendirdiklerini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nitelikli göç
• hekim göçü
• Türkiye
• Almanya
• entegrasyon

Skilled Labour Migration and Integration: The Case of Physicians Migrating From Türkiye To Germany

Öz

This article aims to examine the integration process of physicians migrating from Türkiye to Germany from the perspective of skilled labour migration. The study takes a holistic approach to integration, encompassing the structural dimension (including equivalence and language proficiency), the labour market dimension (including professional and occupational acceptance), and the social dimension (including income, living conditions, and belonging). The research adopts an approach that considers migrant physicians not as passive objects of the integration process, but as active agents. The research is based on a mixed-methods design combining quantitative and qualitative research methods. Within this scope, an online survey was administered to 277 physicians who migrated to Germany, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 physicians. The research findings indicate that physicians migrating to Germany perceive integration not as a completed state, but as a dynamic process progressing in different dimensions. It was determined that integration into the labour market occurs relatively quickly, while social integration, shaped by social relations, social networks, and belonging, progresses more slowly and is an ongoing process. The findings also show that the vast majority of physicians tend to live permanently in Germany and acquire citizenship, and they rate living and working conditions significantly positively when compared to Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Highly-skilled migration
• medical doctors
• Turkey
• Germany
• socio-economic integration

Kaynakça

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