Araştırma Makalesi
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Management Reforms in Activation Programmes and Public Employment Services The Turkish Case

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 72, 207 - 238, 20.01.2022

Aslı Güleç Taşdemır

https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1060800

Öz

There are many studies on the ways in which activation paradigm has been integrated into the reform of welfare states. Activation paradigm and related policies serve to activate citizens to take more responsibility for their own welfare through paid employment. Active labour market policies (ALMPs) have constituted one of the important policy fields in which active welfare understanding have been materialised and thus become a significant instrument of activation. These programs and relevant measures constitute formal policy reforms. There is also a rising literature on procedural policy reforms in the field of activation, which is about the ways that ALMPs are managed, that is, the governance of activation. Recent procedural reforms include measures shaped by the New Public Management thinking such as performance management or management by objectives, and the process of marketization through quasi markets. The debates on the governance of activation show the ways in which management reforms shape the content of activation reforms. This study attempts to evaluate those debates on procedural reforms in ALMPs through review of the relevant literature and based on the Turkish case. Turkey is a late comer in implementation of activation programmes but in the last two decades policy reforms both in ALMPs and in the ways formal policy reforms are governed and implemented have accelerated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Activation active labour market policies management reforms public employment services Turkey.

Kaynakça

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  • Breidahl, K. N, Larsen, F. (2015) “The Developing Trajectory of The Marketization of Public Employment Services in Denmark-A New Way Forward or the End of Marketization”, European Policy Analysis, 1(1), 92-107.
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Aktivasyon Programlarında Yönetim Reformları ve Kamu İstihdam Hizmetleri: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 72, 207 - 238, 20.01.2022

Aslı Güleç Taşdemır

https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1060800

Öz

Etkinleştirme (aktivasyon) paradigmasının refah devletlerinin yeniden yapılandırılmasına etkisini konu alan birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Aktivasyon anlayışını yansıtan politikalar, yurttaşların ücretli çalışma yoluyla kendi refahları için daha fazla sorumluluk almaları yönünde etkinleştirilmelerine hizmet etmektedir. Aktif işgücü politikaları ise aktif refah anlayışının somutlaştığı önlemler olarak, aktivasyon anlayışının en önemli araçlarından biri olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Söz konusu politikalar formal politika reformlarına karşılık gelmektedir. İlgili yazında aktivasyon politikaları alanında prosedürel reformları konu edinen çalışmalar da önem kazanmaktadır. Bu yazın, aktif işgücü politikalarının yönetimi ya da aktivasyonun yönetişimi (management of activation) olarak tartışılmaktadır. Prosedürel reformlar özellikle Yeni Kamu Yönetimi anlayışı altında şekillenen amaçlar bağlamında yönetim ve yarı piyasalar yoluyla piyasalaşma gibi süreçleri içermektedir. Aktivasyonun yönetişimi tartışmaları yönetim reformlarının formal reformların içeriğini de etkilediğini de göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, aktif işgücü politikalarını ilgili yazındaki prosedürel reformların değerlendirilmesi ve Türkiye’de kamu istihdam hizmetlerinin sunumunda hayata geçirilen reformlar bağlamında ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye, aktivasyon programlarının uygulanması ve kamu istihdam hizmetlerinin reformu açısından geç kalan bir ülke olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aktivasyon aktif işgücü reformları yönetim reformları kamu istihdam hizmetleri Türkiye.

Kaynakça

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  • Aldan, A., Çirakli, M.E, Torun, H. (2021) “Covid 19 and the Turkish labour market: Heterogenous effects across demographic groups, Central Bank Review, xxx, 1-9.
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  • Aşkın, U., Aşkın, E.Ö (2017) ‘Aktif İstihdam Politikası Olarak Toplum Yararına Programlar’, Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 3 (3), 1-16.
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  • Bonvin, J. M, Moachon,E. (2007) “The Impact of Contractualism in Social Policies”, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 27 (9/10), 401-412.
  • Borghi, V., Van Berkel, R. (2007) “New Modes of Governance in Italy and the Netherlands: the Case of Activation Policies, Public Administration, 85 (1), 83-101.
  • Bredgaard, T., Larsen, F. (2007) “Implementing Public Employment Policy: What Happens When Non-Public Agencies Take Over?”, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 27 (7/8), 287-300.
  • Breidahl, K. N, Larsen, F. (2015) “The Developing Trajectory of The Marketization of Public Employment Services in Denmark-A New Way Forward or the End of Marketization”, European Policy Analysis, 1(1), 92-107.
  • Brodkin, E. Z. (2011) “Public Work: Street-Level Organizations under New Managerialism”, Journal of Public Administration, 21, 253-277.
  • Brodkin, E. Z. (2006) “Bureaucracy Redux: Management Reformism and the Welfare State, Public Management Research Association, 17 (1), 1-17.
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  • Considine, M., Nguyen, P., O’Sillivan, S. (2018) “New Public Management and the Rule of Economic Incentives: Australian Welfare-to Work from Job Market Signalling Perspective”, Public Management Review, 20 (8), 1186-1204.
  • Considine, M., O’Sullivan, S., Nguyen, P. (2014) “New Public Management and Welfare-to-Work in Australia: Comparing the Reform Agendas of the ALP and the Coalition”, Australian Journal of Political Science, 49 (3), 469-485.
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  • Jenson, J. (2015) “Broadening the Frame: Inclusive Growth and the Social Investment Perspective”, McBride, S. Mahon, R. and G. W.Boychuk (eds.), in After’08: Social Policy and the Global Financial Crisis, Vancouver: UBC Press, 40-58.
  • Kalvane, I. (2015) “Business Model Choice for Latvian Public Employment Service: What is the Best for Labour Force Competitiveness”, 20th International Scientific Conference Economics and Management, Latvia.
  • Kapar, R. (2012) ‘Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi Taslşağında İstihdam-Sosyal Koruma İlişkisi, Ulusal İstihdam Stratejisi Sempozyumu (ed.), İstanbul: Türk-İş, 64-87.
  • Kasapoğlu, M., Murat, S (2018) ‘Aktif İstihdam Politikaları ve Türkiye’de İşkur tarafından uygulanan Aktif İstihdam Politikalarına Güncel Bir Bakış’, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20 (25), 485-502
  • Kirkpatrick, I., De Ruyter, A., Hoque, K., Lonsdale, C. (2011) “Practising What They Preach? The Disconnect Between the State as Regulator and the User of Employment Agencies”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22 (18), 3711-3726.
  • Klenk, T (2015) “The Governance of welfare markets-trends and challenges: Introduction to the special issue”, European Policy Analysis, 1(1), 35-40.
  • Klijn, E. H (2012) Public Management and Governance: A Comparison of Two Paradigms to Deal with Modern Complex Problems, Faur, D.L (ed.) in The Handbook of Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 201-214.
  • Knotz, C. M. (2018) “A rising workfare state? Unemployment benefit conditionality in 21 OECD countries, 1980-2012., Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 34 (2), 91-108.
  • Korkut, G., Acar, O.K, Tetik, A. (2015) “Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Anlayışı ile Değişen Kamu Hizmeti ve Türkiye İş Kurumu”, İş ve Hayat, 1(2), 107-135.
  • Kumaş, H. (2010) “Türkiye İş Kurumu Faaliyetleri ve İşgücü Piyasası İhtiyaçları Arasındaki Uyum”, Sosyoekonomi, 1, 131-165.
  • McGann, M. (2020) “The political economy of welfare in a time of coronavirus: post-productivism as a state of exception”, Irish Journal of Sociology, 28 (2), 225-230.
  • McGann, M., Murphy, M.P. (2021) “Introduction: The Dual tracks of welfare and activation reform-Governance and conditionality, Administration, 69 (2), 1-6.
  • McGann, M. (2021) “Double Activation: Workfare meets marketization”, Administration, 69 (2), 19-42.
  • Mosley, H., Schütz, H., Breyer, N. (2001) “Management by Objectives in European Public Employment Services”, Discussion Paper, Berlin.
  • Newman, J. (2007) “The Double Dynamics of Activation”, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy”, 27 (9/10), 364-375.
  • Nunn, A., Morgan, J. (2020) “The Political Economy of Public Employment Services: Measurement and Disempowerment Empowerment”, Policy Studies, 41 (1), 42-62.
  • Nunn, A. (2019) “Neoliberalization, Fast Policy Transfer and The Management of Labour Market Services”, Review of International Political Economy, https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1625424, 1-21.
  • Nunn, A. (2018) “Do Employment Services Need to Be Neoliberal”, Hooley, T., Sultana, R. Thomsen, R. (eds.) in Career Guidance for Emancipation, New York: Routledge, 166-182.
  • Nunn, A. (2010) "Performance management and neo-liberal labour market governance: the case of the UK”, Sun, W. Stewart, J., Pollard, D. (eds.) in Reframing Corporate Social Responsibility: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis, Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley,77-99.
  • OECD (2021), OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey. Overview, 1-78. OECD (2017) OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation: Employment and Skills Strategies in Turkey.
  • OECD (2005) “Public Employment Services: Managing Performance”, OECD Employment Look.
  • Özşahin, L. and Karabulut, K. (2017) ‘Post-Keynesyen İktisatta Toplum Yararına Çalışma Programlarının Analizi, Kafkas Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 8(16), 319-352.
  • Peck, J. (2002) “Political Economies of Scale: Fast Policy, Interscalar Relations, and Neoliberal Workfare”, Economic Geography, 78 (3), 331-360.
  • Penz, O., Sauer, B., Gaitsch, M., Hofbauer,J., Glinser, B. (2017) “Post-burecratic encounters: Affective Labour in Public Employment Services, Critical Social Policy, 37 (4), 540561.
  • Pollitt, C. (2001) “Clarifying Convergence. Striking Similarities and Durable Differences in Public Management Reform”, Public Management Reform, 4 (1), 471-492.
  • Sayın, A.K. (2005) “Istihdam Hizmetlerinin Yeniden Yapılandırılması Sürecinde Türkiye İş Kurumu”, Soyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 0 (49): 405-423.
  • Selek Öz, C. (2008) “4857 Sayılı İş Kannu Döneminde İş ve İşçi Bulmaya Aracılık Faaliyetleri, TÜHİS İş Hukuku ve İktisat Dergisi, 21 (5-6): 18-30.
  • Soantken, M., Weishaupt, J. T. (2015) “When Social Parties Unite-Explaining Continuity and Change in Austrian and Dutch Labour Market Governance”, Social Policy and Administration, 49 (5), 59
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  • Şahin, M., Nal, M., Kaya, F. (2019) “Aktif İşgücü Politikları İşsizliği Nasıl Etkiliyor? İşkur Eşleştirme Hizmeti Etki Analizi”, Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 9(1), 161-176.
  • Şahin, Ç.E. (2014) ‘Ulusal Istihdam Stratejisinin Dayanağı olarak Avrupa İstihdam Stratejisinin Analizi ve Türkiye Emek Piyasalarının Dönüşümü, Müftüoğlu, Ö., Koşar, A. (eds.) in Türkiye’de Esnek Çalışma, İstanbul: Doğa Basın Yayın, 43-67.
  • Şen, M. (2016) ‘Aktif İşgücü Piyasası Politikaları Kapsamında Türkiye’de Mesleki Eğitim Kurslarının Analizi’, Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi ,2 (1): 67-89.
  • Terziev, V. (2020), “Provision of Integrated Employment and Social Assistance Services”, Economy and Production Proceeding of the International Science and Technology Conference “FarEastСon-2018” Volume 138, October 2-4, 201, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
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  • TÜİK(2021b)VeriPortalı.https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=%C4%B0%C5%9Fg%C3%BCc%C3%BC-%C4%B0statistikleri-Ekim-2021-37491&dil=1.(19.12.2021).
  • TÜİK (2021c)https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-Ekim-2021-37491. (19.12.2021).
  • TÜİK(2021d)https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-2020-37484. (19.12.2021).
  • TÜİK(2020)https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-2019-33784. (19.12.2021).
  • WAPES (2021) Turkish Employment Agency. https://wapes.org/en/node/268. (19.12.2021).
  • Wolfgang, L.M, Behrend, O., Sondermann, A. (2014) ‘Activation, Public Employment Services and their Clients: The Role of Social Class in Continental Welfare State”, Social Policy and Administration, 18 (5), 594-612.
  • Weishaupt, J. T. (2010) “A Silent Revolution? New Management Ideas and the Reinvention of European Employment Services”, Socio-Economic Review, 8, 461-486.
  • Whitworth, A., Carter, E. (2014) “Welfare to Work Reform, Power and Inequality: FOM Governance to Governmentalities”, Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 22 (2), 104-117. World Bank (2013) Turkey: Evaluating the Impact of İşkur’s Vocational Training Programs, v-46.
  • Van Berkel, R. (2014), “Quasi-markets and the Delivery of Activation-A Frontline Perspective”, Social Policy and Administration, 48 (2), 188-203.
  • Van Berkel, B., De Graaf, W., Sirovatka, T. (2012a) “Governance of the Activation Policies”, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 32 (5/6), 260-272.
  • Van Berkel, R., Sager, F., Ehrler, F. (2012b) “The Diversity of Activation Markets in Europe”, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 32 (5/6), 273-285.
  • Van Berkel, R. (2009) “The Provision of Income Protection and Activation Services for the Unemployed in Active Welfare States. An International Comparison”, Journal of Social Policy, 39 (1), 17-34
  • Van Berkel, R., Borghi, V. (2008) “Review Article: The Governance of Activation”, Social Policy and Society, 7(3), 393-402.
  • Yeh, H., Wan, L. (2018) “Disability Employment Services Under New Public Management: A Comparison of Australia and Taiwan, International Social Work, 61 (3), 437-450.
Toplam 97 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çalışma Ekonomisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Aslı Güleç Taşdemır Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5750-1661

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 72

Kaynak Göster

APA Güleç Taşdemır, A. (2022). Management Reforms in Activation Programmes and Public Employment Services The Turkish Case. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 1(72), 207-238. https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1060800
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