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Ücretler, İşsizlik Ve Suç Arasındaki İlişki: Yatay-Kesit Analizi

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 31, 113 - 134, 01.01.2011

Ahmet Yılmaz Ata

Öz

Suç olgusunu belirleyen faktörler çerçevesinde üzerinde durulması gereken en önemli konu başlıklarından bir tanesi, genel ekonomik yapıdır. Ekonomik yapı ve suç ilişkisi, bağlamında yapılan araştırmalara bakıldığında genellikle; işsizlik, yoksulluk, ücretler, piyasa koşulları ve enflasyon değerleri gibi ekonomik unsurların ele alındığı görülmektedir. Bu unsurların suç eylemi ile ilişkisinin nasıl bir görünüm sergilediğini araştırmak, suç araştırmalarında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da; işsizlik, ücret gibi unsurların suç davranışı ile olan ilişkisi, yatay-kesit analizi kullanılarak ampirik olarak test edilmiş ve bir takım bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, işsizliğin suç olgusu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir etkiye sahip olduğu saptanırken ücret düzeyinin suç üzerinde beklenen yönde yani negatif yönlü bir etkiye sahip iken istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bir ilişkiye rastlanılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suç İşsizlik Ücret Yatay-Kesit Analizi

Kaynakça

  • Ağır H. ve Kar M. (2010) “Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Düzeyi İlişkisi: Yatay Kesit Analizi”, Sosyoekonomi, 6(12), Enerji Özel Sayısı, 149-176.
  • Akan Y. Ve Arslan İ. (2008), Göç Ekonomisi, Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi
  • Arvanites T. M. Ve Defina R. H. (2006) “Business Cycles and Street Crime”, Criminology, 44(1), 139-164.
  • Ata A. Y. (2009) Kurumsal İktisat Çerçevesinde Yolsuzluğun fırsat ve Motivasyonları: AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme, Ünal Aysal Tez Değerlendirme Yarışma Dizisi, İktisadi Araştırmalar Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Baharom A. H. Ve Habibullah M. S. (2008) “Is Crime Cointegrated with Income and Unemployment?: A Panel Data Analysis on Selected European Countries”, MPRA Paper, No.11927.
  • Becker, G. S. (1968) “Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach”, Journal of Political Economy, 76, 169-217.
  • Buonanno, P. (2003) “The Socioeconomics Determinants of Crime: A Review of the Literatüre”, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics Working Papers, no. 63.
  • Burdett K., Lagos R. And Wright R., (2003) “Crime, Inequality and Unemployment”, American Economic Review, 93(5), 1764-1777.
  • Cantor D. Ve Land K. C. (1985) “TheUnemployment and Crime Rates in the Post-World War II United States: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis”, American Sociological Review, 50(3), 317-332.
  • Corman H. Ve Mocan N. (2005) “Carrots, Sticks and Broken Windows”, Journal of Law and Economics, 48(1), 235-266.
  • Cömertler, N. Ve Kar, M., (2007) “Türkiye’de Suç Oranının Sosyo- Ekonomik Belirleyicileri: Yatay Kesit Analizi”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 62(2), 1-17.
  • Dau-Schmidt K. G. (1990) “An Economic Analysis of The Criminal Law As a Preference-Shaping Policy”, Duke Law Journal, 1990(1), 1-38
  • Doyle J. M., Ahmed E. Ve Horn R. N. (1999) “The Effects of Labor Markets and Income Inequality on Crime: Evidence From Panel Data”, Southern Economic Journal, 65, 717-738.
  • Edmark K. (2005) “Unemployment and Crime: Is There a Connection?”, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107(2), 353-373.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1973) “Paticipation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation”, The Journal of Political Economy, 81(3), 521-565
  • Entorf, H. Ve Spengler, H. (2000) “Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors of Crime in Germany: Evidence From Panel Data of The German States”, International Review of Law and Economics, 20, 75-106.
  • Fleisher, B. M. (1966) “The Effect of Income on Delinquency”, The American Economic Review, 56(1/2), 118-137.
  • Fowles R. ve Merva, M. (1996) “Wage Inequality And Criminal Activity”, Criminology, 34(2), 163-182.
  • Gould E. D., Weinberg B. A. ve Mustard D. (2002) “Crime Rates and Local Labor Opportunities in the United States: 1979-1995”, Review of Economic and Statistics, 84(1), 45-61.
  • Grogger J. (1998) “Market Wages and Youth Crime”, Journal of Labor Economics, 16(4), 756-791.
  • Güvel, E. A. (2004) Suç ve Ceza Ekonomisi, Ankara: Roma Yayınları.
  • Hale, C. ve Sabbagh, D. (1991) “Testing The Relationship Between Unemployment and Crime: A Methodological Comment and Empirical Analysis Using Time Series Data From England and Wales”, Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 28(4), 400-417.
  • Hariadi Y. (2003) “On Crime and Unemployment: An Approach Using Two-Way Causality”, Journal of Social Complexity, 1(1), 54-61.
  • Huang C., Laing D. Ve Wang P. (2004) “Crime and Poverty: A Search- theoretic Approach”, International Economic Review, 45(3), 909-938.
  • Imrohoroglu A. Merlo A. ve Rupert P. (2001) “What Accounts for the Decline in Crime?”, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Working Papers, No. 0008.
  • Kapuscinski C. A., Braithwaite J. Ve Chapman B. (1998) “Unemployment and Crime: Toward Resolving the Paradox”, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 14(3), 215-243.
  • Kızmaz Z. (2003) “ekonomik Yapı ve Suç: Bazı araştırma Bulguları Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme”, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 279-304.
  • Lederman D., Loayza N. Ve Memendez M. (2002) “Violent Crime: Does Capital Matter?”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 50(3), 509- 539.
  • Lin M.J. (2008) “Does Unemployment Increase Crime? Evidence From The U.S. Data 1974-2000”, Journal of Human Resources, 43(2), 413-436.
  • Machin S. Ve Meghir C. (2004) “Crime and Economic Incentives”, Journal of Human Resources, 39(4), 958-979.
  • Maingot A. P. (1994) “Confronting Corruption in the Hemisphere: A Sociological Perspective”, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 36(3) Special Issue, 49-74.
  • McGahey R. (1984) “Review: Crime, Criminal Justice and Economics: Phillips & Votey, Schmidt & Witte”, American Bar Foundation Research Journal, 9(4), 869-887.
  • Mustard, D. B. (2010) “How Do Labor Markets Affect Crime? New Evidence on an Old Puzzle”, IZA Discussion Paper, No. 4856.
  • Narayan P. K. Ve Smyth R. (2004) “Crime Rates, Male Youth Unemployment and Real Income in Australia: Evidence from Granger Causality Tests”, Applied Economics, 36(18), 2079-2095.
  • Papps, K. Ve Winkelmann (2002) “Unemployment and Crime: New Evidence For an Old Question”, New Zealand Economic Papers, 34(1), 53-72.
  • Pazarlıoğlu, M. V. ve Turgutlu, T. (2007) “Gelir, İşsizlik ve Suç: Türkiye Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Finans, Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44(513), 63-70.
  • Polinsky, A. M. Ve Shavell, S. (2005) “Economic Analysis of Law”, Harvard Law and Economics Discussion Paper, No. 536.
  • Poutvaara P. Ve Priks M. (2007) “Unemployment and Gang Crime: Could Prosperity Backfire?”, IZA Discussion Papers, No.2710.
  • Raphael S. ve Winter-Ebmer R. (2001) “Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime”, Journal of Law and Economics, 44(1), 259-283.
  • Rijckeghem, C. V. ve Weder B. W (1997) “Corruption and The Rate of Temptation: Do Low Wages in Civil Service Cause Corruption?”, IMF Working Paper, WP/97/73.
  • Scorcu A. E. ve Cellini R. (1998) “Economic Activity and Crime in the Long Run: an Amprical Investigation on Aggregate Data from Italy, 1954-1994”, International Rewiev of Law and Economics, 18, 279-292.
  • Tanzi, V. (1998) “Corruption Around The World: Causes, Consequences, Scope and Cures”, IMF Staff Papers, 45(4).
  • Tsushima, M. (1996) “Economic Structure and Crime: The Case of Japan”, Journal of Socio-Economics, 25(4), 497-515.
  • Vazquez-Martınez, J., and Boex J. (2004) Corruption, Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Management, USAID Press.
  • Witt, R., Clarke, A. ve Fielding A., (1999) “Crime and Economic Activity: A Panel Data Approach”, British Journal of Criminology, 39(3), 391-400.
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2001); Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panal Data, The MIT Press, Cambridge, London.

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 31, 113 - 134, 01.01.2011

Ahmet Yılmaz Ata

Öz

Determination of the crime within the framework of the factors that one of the most important topic is the overall economic structure. When examine researches about the relationship between economic structure and crime, economic factors such and inflation levels are usually discussed. Expoloring the appearance of the relationship between criminal actions of these elements are an important role in criminal researches. In this study, , , the relationship between criminal behavior and factors such as unemployment and wage, empirically tested using a horizontal-sectional analysis and reach a some of findings. Unemployment has a positive impact and statistical significance was found on crime but wage levels have an statistically insignificant relationship on crime were observed

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crime Unemployment Wage Cross-Section Analysis

Kaynakça

  • Ağır H. ve Kar M. (2010) “Türkiye’de Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Düzeyi İlişkisi: Yatay Kesit Analizi”, Sosyoekonomi, 6(12), Enerji Özel Sayısı, 149-176.
  • Akan Y. Ve Arslan İ. (2008), Göç Ekonomisi, Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi
  • Arvanites T. M. Ve Defina R. H. (2006) “Business Cycles and Street Crime”, Criminology, 44(1), 139-164.
  • Ata A. Y. (2009) Kurumsal İktisat Çerçevesinde Yolsuzluğun fırsat ve Motivasyonları: AB Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme, Ünal Aysal Tez Değerlendirme Yarışma Dizisi, İktisadi Araştırmalar Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Baharom A. H. Ve Habibullah M. S. (2008) “Is Crime Cointegrated with Income and Unemployment?: A Panel Data Analysis on Selected European Countries”, MPRA Paper, No.11927.
  • Becker, G. S. (1968) “Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach”, Journal of Political Economy, 76, 169-217.
  • Buonanno, P. (2003) “The Socioeconomics Determinants of Crime: A Review of the Literatüre”, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics Working Papers, no. 63.
  • Burdett K., Lagos R. And Wright R., (2003) “Crime, Inequality and Unemployment”, American Economic Review, 93(5), 1764-1777.
  • Cantor D. Ve Land K. C. (1985) “TheUnemployment and Crime Rates in the Post-World War II United States: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis”, American Sociological Review, 50(3), 317-332.
  • Corman H. Ve Mocan N. (2005) “Carrots, Sticks and Broken Windows”, Journal of Law and Economics, 48(1), 235-266.
  • Cömertler, N. Ve Kar, M., (2007) “Türkiye’de Suç Oranının Sosyo- Ekonomik Belirleyicileri: Yatay Kesit Analizi”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 62(2), 1-17.
  • Dau-Schmidt K. G. (1990) “An Economic Analysis of The Criminal Law As a Preference-Shaping Policy”, Duke Law Journal, 1990(1), 1-38
  • Doyle J. M., Ahmed E. Ve Horn R. N. (1999) “The Effects of Labor Markets and Income Inequality on Crime: Evidence From Panel Data”, Southern Economic Journal, 65, 717-738.
  • Edmark K. (2005) “Unemployment and Crime: Is There a Connection?”, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107(2), 353-373.
  • Ehrlich, I. (1973) “Paticipation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation”, The Journal of Political Economy, 81(3), 521-565
  • Entorf, H. Ve Spengler, H. (2000) “Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors of Crime in Germany: Evidence From Panel Data of The German States”, International Review of Law and Economics, 20, 75-106.
  • Fleisher, B. M. (1966) “The Effect of Income on Delinquency”, The American Economic Review, 56(1/2), 118-137.
  • Fowles R. ve Merva, M. (1996) “Wage Inequality And Criminal Activity”, Criminology, 34(2), 163-182.
  • Gould E. D., Weinberg B. A. ve Mustard D. (2002) “Crime Rates and Local Labor Opportunities in the United States: 1979-1995”, Review of Economic and Statistics, 84(1), 45-61.
  • Grogger J. (1998) “Market Wages and Youth Crime”, Journal of Labor Economics, 16(4), 756-791.
  • Güvel, E. A. (2004) Suç ve Ceza Ekonomisi, Ankara: Roma Yayınları.
  • Hale, C. ve Sabbagh, D. (1991) “Testing The Relationship Between Unemployment and Crime: A Methodological Comment and Empirical Analysis Using Time Series Data From England and Wales”, Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 28(4), 400-417.
  • Hariadi Y. (2003) “On Crime and Unemployment: An Approach Using Two-Way Causality”, Journal of Social Complexity, 1(1), 54-61.
  • Huang C., Laing D. Ve Wang P. (2004) “Crime and Poverty: A Search- theoretic Approach”, International Economic Review, 45(3), 909-938.
  • Imrohoroglu A. Merlo A. ve Rupert P. (2001) “What Accounts for the Decline in Crime?”, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Working Papers, No. 0008.
  • Kapuscinski C. A., Braithwaite J. Ve Chapman B. (1998) “Unemployment and Crime: Toward Resolving the Paradox”, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 14(3), 215-243.
  • Kızmaz Z. (2003) “ekonomik Yapı ve Suç: Bazı araştırma Bulguları Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme”, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 279-304.
  • Lederman D., Loayza N. Ve Memendez M. (2002) “Violent Crime: Does Capital Matter?”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 50(3), 509- 539.
  • Lin M.J. (2008) “Does Unemployment Increase Crime? Evidence From The U.S. Data 1974-2000”, Journal of Human Resources, 43(2), 413-436.
  • Machin S. Ve Meghir C. (2004) “Crime and Economic Incentives”, Journal of Human Resources, 39(4), 958-979.
  • Maingot A. P. (1994) “Confronting Corruption in the Hemisphere: A Sociological Perspective”, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 36(3) Special Issue, 49-74.
  • McGahey R. (1984) “Review: Crime, Criminal Justice and Economics: Phillips & Votey, Schmidt & Witte”, American Bar Foundation Research Journal, 9(4), 869-887.
  • Mustard, D. B. (2010) “How Do Labor Markets Affect Crime? New Evidence on an Old Puzzle”, IZA Discussion Paper, No. 4856.
  • Narayan P. K. Ve Smyth R. (2004) “Crime Rates, Male Youth Unemployment and Real Income in Australia: Evidence from Granger Causality Tests”, Applied Economics, 36(18), 2079-2095.
  • Papps, K. Ve Winkelmann (2002) “Unemployment and Crime: New Evidence For an Old Question”, New Zealand Economic Papers, 34(1), 53-72.
  • Pazarlıoğlu, M. V. ve Turgutlu, T. (2007) “Gelir, İşsizlik ve Suç: Türkiye Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Finans, Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44(513), 63-70.
  • Polinsky, A. M. Ve Shavell, S. (2005) “Economic Analysis of Law”, Harvard Law and Economics Discussion Paper, No. 536.
  • Poutvaara P. Ve Priks M. (2007) “Unemployment and Gang Crime: Could Prosperity Backfire?”, IZA Discussion Papers, No.2710.
  • Raphael S. ve Winter-Ebmer R. (2001) “Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime”, Journal of Law and Economics, 44(1), 259-283.
  • Rijckeghem, C. V. ve Weder B. W (1997) “Corruption and The Rate of Temptation: Do Low Wages in Civil Service Cause Corruption?”, IMF Working Paper, WP/97/73.
  • Scorcu A. E. ve Cellini R. (1998) “Economic Activity and Crime in the Long Run: an Amprical Investigation on Aggregate Data from Italy, 1954-1994”, International Rewiev of Law and Economics, 18, 279-292.
  • Tanzi, V. (1998) “Corruption Around The World: Causes, Consequences, Scope and Cures”, IMF Staff Papers, 45(4).
  • Tsushima, M. (1996) “Economic Structure and Crime: The Case of Japan”, Journal of Socio-Economics, 25(4), 497-515.
  • Vazquez-Martınez, J., and Boex J. (2004) Corruption, Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Management, USAID Press.
  • Witt, R., Clarke, A. ve Fielding A., (1999) “Crime and Economic Activity: A Panel Data Approach”, British Journal of Criminology, 39(3), 391-400.
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2001); Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panal Data, The MIT Press, Cambridge, London.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ahmet Yılmaz Ata Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 31

Kaynak Göster

APA Ata, A. Y. (2011). Ücretler, İşsizlik Ve Suç Arasındaki İlişki: Yatay-Kesit Analizi. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 4(31), 113-134.
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