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Yaratıcı Endüstri Kavramsallaştırmasında Yanlış Olan Ne?: Yaratıcı Endüstri Kavramsallaştırmasına Karşı 20 İtiraz

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 62, 1737 - 1756, 01.01.2019

Öz

Genellikle gizil ya da açık bir neo-liberal söylemle bağlantılı olan ‘yaratıcı endüstriler’ kavramsallaştırması, yaratıcılığa ilişkin indirgemeci anlayışı, yaratıcılığın apaçık bir tanıma sahip olduğu biçimindeki savunulamaz varsayımı, endüstrileri yaratıcı ve yaratıcı olmayan endüstriler olarak yanlış bir biçimde sınıflandırması ve yaratıcılığı bireylere özellikle kişilik farklarına , grup ve takım ortamları olduğu kadar teknolojik araçlarının yaratıcı etkinlikler amacıyla kullanılmasını da içermek üzere örgütlere ve kültürlere yüklemek yerine bir endüstriye yükleyen garip fail sorunu temelinde nadiren eleştiriliyor. ‘Yaratıcı endüstri’, ‘kültürel endüstri’yle yanyana anılmakla birlikte, ‘kültür’ün ve ‘kültürel’in kullanımı, yaratıcılığın yorumlanma, desteklenme ve engellenme biçimlerinde kültürel farklar olabileceğini yok sayarak örneğin, Çin ve Küresel Batı kültürlerinde yaratıcılık kavramsallaştırması , kâr getirirlik, kazanç, kaynak verimliliği vb. gibi ekonomik göstergeler üzerinden dönen, çoğunlukla toplu üretim olan popüler kültüre gönderme yaptığından yanıltıcıdır. Bu nedenle, bu makalede, yaygın dolaşımda olan ‘yaratıcı endüstri’ kavramsallaştırmasının neden yanlış olduğu 20 itirazla gösteriliyor ve yaratıcılığın psikolojik, örgütsel ve kültürel boyutları üzerine yapılmış olan araştırmaların bir bölümü sunuluyor ve tartışılıyor.

Kaynakça

  • Amabile, T.M. (2017). In pursuit of everyday creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 51(4), 335-337.
  • Andriopoulos, C. (2001). Determinants of organisational creativity: A literature review. Management Decision, 39(10), 834-840.
  • Batey, M. & Furnham, A. (2008). The relationship between measures of creativity and schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 816-821.
  • Berg, S.-H. & Hassink, R. (2014). Creative industries from an evolutionary perspective: A critical literature review. Geography Compass, 8/9, 653-664.
  • Boggs, J. (2009). Cultural industries and the creative economy - vague but useful concepts. Geography Compass, 3(4):1483-1498.
  • Boix, R, Lazzeretti, L, Capone, F, De Propris, L, Sánchez, D (2013). The geography of creative industries in European countries: France, Great Britain, Italy and Spain. European Urban and Regional Studies 18(2), 136–155.
  • Booyens, I. (2012). Creative Industries, Inequality and Social Development: Developments, Impacts and Challenges in Cape Town. Urban Forum, 23, 43– 60.
  • Burch, G., Pavelis, C., Hemsley, D. & Corr, P. (2006). Schizotypy and creativity in visual artists. British Journal of Psychology, 97, 177–190.
  • Burroughs, J.E. & Mick, D.G. (2004). Exploring antecedents and consequences of consumer creativity in a problem-solving context. Journal of Consumer Research, 31, 402-411.
  • Daiso (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.daisojapan.com
  • Dewett, (2007). Linking intrinsic motivation, risk taking, and employee creativity in an R&D environment. R & D Development, 37(3), 197-208.
  • Dijksterhuis, A. & Meurs, T. (2006). Where creativity resides: The generative power of unconscious thought. Consciousness and Cognition, 15, 135-146.
  • Dollinger, S. J. (2007). Creativity and conservatism. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1025–1035.
  • Evans, P. & Green, J. (2017). Eyes half shut: A report on long hours and productivity in the UK film and TV industry. Retrieved from https://www.bectu.org.uk/filegrab/eyes-half-shut-reportoct2017.pdf?ref=2363
  • Farmer, S.M., Tierney, P. & Kung-McIntyre, K. (2003). Employee creativity in Taiwan: An application of role identity theory. Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), 618–630.
  • Faullant, R., Schwarz, E.J., Krajger, I. & Breitenecker, R.J. (2012). Towards a comprehensive understanding of lead userness: The search for individual creativity. Creativity & Innovation Management, 21(1), 76-92.
  • Feist, G.J. (1998). A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(4), 290-309.
  • Florida, R. (2003). Cities and the creative class. City & Community, 2(1), 3-19.
  • Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative class. The Washington Monthly, May 2002, 15-25.
  • Furnham, A. & Bachtiar, V. (2008). Personality and intelligence as predictors of creativity. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 613-617.
  • Furnham, A., Batey, M., Anand, K. & Manfield, J. (2008). Personality, hypomania, intelligence and creativity. Personality and Individual Differences 44(5), 1060- 1069.
  • Galloway, S. & Dunlop, S. (2007). A critique of definitions of the cultural and creative industries in public policy. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 13(1), 17-31.
  • Galloway, S. & Dunlop, S. (2006). Deconstructing the concept of 'creative industries'. In C. Eisenberg, R. Gerlach & C. Handke (eds.) Cultural industries: the British Experience in International Perspective, pp.33-52.
  • Gaut, B. (2010). The philosophy of creativity. Philosophy Compass, 5(12), 1034-1046.
  • Gezgin (in press). Creativity and Entrepreneurship: From Cognitive Science to Management Education.
  • Gezgin, U.B. (2014). Bilişsel Bilimler Elkitabı. İstanbul: İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Gumusluoglu, L. & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62, 461-473.
  • Hon, A.H.Y. (2012). Shaping environments conductive to creativity: the role of intrinsic motivation. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53(1), 53-64.
  • Kim, K.H. (2007). Exploring the interactions between Asian culture (Confucianism) and creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 41(1), 28-53.
  • Lee, H., and Kim, K. H. (2011) Can speaking more languages enhance your creativity? Relationship between bilingualism and creative potential among Korean American students with multicultural link. Personality and Individual Differences 50(8), 1186-1190.
  • Leikin, M. (2012). The effect of bilingualism on creativity: Developmental and educational perspectives. International Journal of Bilingualism, 17(4), 431-447.
  • Magadley, W. & Birdi, K. (2009). Innovation labs: An examination into the use of physical spaces to enhance organizational creativity. Creativity and Innovation Management, 18(4), 315-325.
  • Marx, K. (1846/1968). A Critique of the German Ideology. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Miller, G. (2006). Asian creativity: A Response to Satoshi Kanazawa. Evolutionary Psychology, 4, 129-137.
  • Niu, W. & Kaufman, J.C. (2013). Creativity of Chinese and American cultures: A synthetic analysis. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 47(1), 77-87.
  • Moore, I. (2014). Cultural and Creative Industries concept – a historical perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 738-746.
  • Morris, M.W. & Leung, K. (2010). Creativity East and West: Perspectives and parallels. Management and Organization Review, 6(3), 313-327.
  • Moss, G. (2017). Artistic Enclaves in the Post-Industrial City, A Case Study of Lawrenceville Pittsburgh. New York: Springer.
  • Park, G., Lubinski, D. & Benbow, C.P. (2008). Ability differences among people who have commensurate degrees matter for scientific creativity. Psychological Science, 18(11), 948–952.
  • Parker, I. (2007). Revolution in psychology: Alienation to emancipation. London: Pluto Press.
  • Pearce B. & Hinds, P. (2018, January 11). How to make sure people won’t hate your new open office plan. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/01/sgc-research-when-moving-to-an-open-office-planpay-attention-to-how-your-employees-feel
  • Pollard, C. (2018, April 16). Amazon workers pee into bottles to save time: investigator. New York Post. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2018/04/16/amazon-warehouse-workers-pee-intobottles-to-avoid-wasting-time-undercover-investigator/
  • Potts, J. D. (2009). Introduction: Creative industries and innovation policy. Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, 11(2), 138-147.
  • Prentky, R. (1989). Creativity and psychopathology: Gamboling at the seat of madness. In J.A. Glover, R.R. Ronning & C.R. Reynolds (Eds.). New York: Plenum Press, 1989.
  • Richards, G. & Marques, L.(2012). Exploring creative tourism: Editor’s introduction. Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice, 4(2), 1-11.
  • Ritter, S.M., Damian, R.I., Simonton, D.K., Baaren, R.B. van, Strick, M.A., Derks, J.G. & Dijksterhuis, A.J. (2012). Diversifying experiences enhance cognitive flexibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 961-964.
  • Rozentale, I., & Lavanga, M. (2014). The “universal” characteristics of creative industries revisited: the case of Riga City. Culture and Society 5, 55–64.
  • Sangar, R. & Rangnekar, S. (2014). Psychological empowerment and role satisfaction as determinants of creativity. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 10(2), 119-127.
  • Schlesinger, P. (2006). Creativity: From discourse to doctrine? Revista da Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2, 1-23.
  • Sethi, R., Smith, D.C. & Park, C.W. (2001). The effect of cross-functional product development teams on the innovativeness of new consumer products. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(1), 73-85.
  • Shneiderman, B., Hewett, T., Fischer, G., Jennings,. P., Czerwinski, M., Kules, B., Resnick, M., Nakakoji, K., Myers, B., Nunamaker, J., Candy, L., Edmonds, E., Pausch, R., Eisenberg, M., Giaccardi, E., Selker, T., Sylvan, E. & Terry, M. (2006). Creativity support tools: Report from a U.S. National Science Foundation sponsored workshop. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 20(2), 61-77.
  • Simonton, D.K. (2016). Defining creativity: don’t we also need to define what is not creative? The Journal of Creative Behavior, 52(1), 80-90.
  • Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2013). Translating team creativity to innovation implementation the role of team composition and climate for innovation. Journal of Management, 39(3), 684-708.
  • Sun, L.-Y., Zhang, Z., Qi, J. & Chen, Z.X. (2012). Empowerment and creativity: A cross-level investigation. The Leadership Quarterly, 23, 55-65.
  • Tadmor, C.T., Chao, M.M., Hong, Y. & Polzer, J.T. (2013). Not just for stereotyping anymore: racial essentialism reduces domain-general creativity. Psychological Science, 24(1), 99-105.
  • Tadmor, C.T., Satterstrom, P., Jang, S. & Polzer, J.T. (2012). Beyond individual creativity: The superadditive benefits of multicultural experience for collective creativity in culturally diverse teams. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(3), 384-392.
  • Tepper, S. (2002). Creative assets and the changing economy. The Journal of Arts Management, Law and Society, 32(1),159–68.
  • Tremblay, G. (2011). Creative statistics to support creative economy politics. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 289-298.
  • Vinton, K. (2017, October 27). Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos Is The Richest Person In The World–Again. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2017/10/27/amazon-ceo-jeffbezos-is-the-richest-person-in-the-world-again/#5b70f0919480
  • Visser, B.A., Ashton, M.C. & Vernon, P.A. (2006). Beyond g: Putting multiple intelligences theory to the test. Intelligence, 34, 487-502.
  • Ward, J., Thompson-Lake, D., Ely, R. & Kaminski, F. (2008). Synaesthesia, creativity and art: What is the link? British Journal of Psychology, 99, 127-141.
  • Williams, S. D. (2004). Personality, attitude, and leader influences on divergent thinking and creativity in organizations. European Journal of Innovation, 7, 187-204.
  • Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J.E. & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293-321.
  • Yang, H., Chattopadhyay, A., Zhang, K. & Dahl, D.W. (2012). Unconscious creativity: When can unconscious thought outperform conscious thought. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22, 573–581.
  • Yao, X., Yang, Q., Dong, N., & Wang, L. (2010). Moderating effect of Zhong yong on the relationship between creativity and innovative behavior. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 53-57.
  • Yusuf, S. & Nabeshima, K. (2005). Creative industries in East Asia. Cities, 22(2), 109- 122.
  • Zampetakis, L.A. & Moustakis, V. (2006). Linking creativity with entrepreneurial intentions: A structural approach. Entrepreneurship Management, 2, 413-428.

What is Wrong With the Notion of Creative Industry?: 20 Objections to the Notion of Creative Industry

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 62, 1737 - 1756, 01.01.2019

Öz

The notion of ‘creative industries’ usually coupled with implicit or explicit neo-liberal discourse is rarely criticized on the basis of its reductionistic understanding of creativity, its untenable assumption of a crystal clear definition of creativity, misclassification of industries as creative and non-creative, and the bizarre agency problem which attributes creativity to an industry, rather than individuals especially personality differences , organizations including group and team settings as well as uses of technological tools for creative activity and cultures. Although the discourse of ‘creative industry’ usually goes in tandem with ‘cultural industry’, the use of ‘culture’ and ‘cultural’ is misleading as they usually refer to popular culture of mass production that revolve on economic indicators such as profitability, revenue, resource efficiency etc. ignoring the fact that there may be cultural differences in the way creativity is interpreted, promoted or discouraged e.g. the notions of creativity in Chinese vs. Global Western culture . Thus in this article, what is wrong about the widespread notion of ‘creative industry’ is shown through 20 objections, and a set of research papers on psychological, organizational and cultural dimensions of creativity is presented and discussed.

Kaynakça

  • Amabile, T.M. (2017). In pursuit of everyday creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 51(4), 335-337.
  • Andriopoulos, C. (2001). Determinants of organisational creativity: A literature review. Management Decision, 39(10), 834-840.
  • Batey, M. & Furnham, A. (2008). The relationship between measures of creativity and schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 816-821.
  • Berg, S.-H. & Hassink, R. (2014). Creative industries from an evolutionary perspective: A critical literature review. Geography Compass, 8/9, 653-664.
  • Boggs, J. (2009). Cultural industries and the creative economy - vague but useful concepts. Geography Compass, 3(4):1483-1498.
  • Boix, R, Lazzeretti, L, Capone, F, De Propris, L, Sánchez, D (2013). The geography of creative industries in European countries: France, Great Britain, Italy and Spain. European Urban and Regional Studies 18(2), 136–155.
  • Booyens, I. (2012). Creative Industries, Inequality and Social Development: Developments, Impacts and Challenges in Cape Town. Urban Forum, 23, 43– 60.
  • Burch, G., Pavelis, C., Hemsley, D. & Corr, P. (2006). Schizotypy and creativity in visual artists. British Journal of Psychology, 97, 177–190.
  • Burroughs, J.E. & Mick, D.G. (2004). Exploring antecedents and consequences of consumer creativity in a problem-solving context. Journal of Consumer Research, 31, 402-411.
  • Daiso (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.daisojapan.com
  • Dewett, (2007). Linking intrinsic motivation, risk taking, and employee creativity in an R&D environment. R & D Development, 37(3), 197-208.
  • Dijksterhuis, A. & Meurs, T. (2006). Where creativity resides: The generative power of unconscious thought. Consciousness and Cognition, 15, 135-146.
  • Dollinger, S. J. (2007). Creativity and conservatism. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1025–1035.
  • Evans, P. & Green, J. (2017). Eyes half shut: A report on long hours and productivity in the UK film and TV industry. Retrieved from https://www.bectu.org.uk/filegrab/eyes-half-shut-reportoct2017.pdf?ref=2363
  • Farmer, S.M., Tierney, P. & Kung-McIntyre, K. (2003). Employee creativity in Taiwan: An application of role identity theory. Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), 618–630.
  • Faullant, R., Schwarz, E.J., Krajger, I. & Breitenecker, R.J. (2012). Towards a comprehensive understanding of lead userness: The search for individual creativity. Creativity & Innovation Management, 21(1), 76-92.
  • Feist, G.J. (1998). A meta-analysis of personality in scientific and artistic creativity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(4), 290-309.
  • Florida, R. (2003). Cities and the creative class. City & Community, 2(1), 3-19.
  • Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative class. The Washington Monthly, May 2002, 15-25.
  • Furnham, A. & Bachtiar, V. (2008). Personality and intelligence as predictors of creativity. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 613-617.
  • Furnham, A., Batey, M., Anand, K. & Manfield, J. (2008). Personality, hypomania, intelligence and creativity. Personality and Individual Differences 44(5), 1060- 1069.
  • Galloway, S. & Dunlop, S. (2007). A critique of definitions of the cultural and creative industries in public policy. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 13(1), 17-31.
  • Galloway, S. & Dunlop, S. (2006). Deconstructing the concept of 'creative industries'. In C. Eisenberg, R. Gerlach & C. Handke (eds.) Cultural industries: the British Experience in International Perspective, pp.33-52.
  • Gaut, B. (2010). The philosophy of creativity. Philosophy Compass, 5(12), 1034-1046.
  • Gezgin (in press). Creativity and Entrepreneurship: From Cognitive Science to Management Education.
  • Gezgin, U.B. (2014). Bilişsel Bilimler Elkitabı. İstanbul: İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Gumusluoglu, L. & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62, 461-473.
  • Hon, A.H.Y. (2012). Shaping environments conductive to creativity: the role of intrinsic motivation. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53(1), 53-64.
  • Kim, K.H. (2007). Exploring the interactions between Asian culture (Confucianism) and creativity. Journal of Creative Behavior, 41(1), 28-53.
  • Lee, H., and Kim, K. H. (2011) Can speaking more languages enhance your creativity? Relationship between bilingualism and creative potential among Korean American students with multicultural link. Personality and Individual Differences 50(8), 1186-1190.
  • Leikin, M. (2012). The effect of bilingualism on creativity: Developmental and educational perspectives. International Journal of Bilingualism, 17(4), 431-447.
  • Magadley, W. & Birdi, K. (2009). Innovation labs: An examination into the use of physical spaces to enhance organizational creativity. Creativity and Innovation Management, 18(4), 315-325.
  • Marx, K. (1846/1968). A Critique of the German Ideology. Moscow: Progress Publishers. Miller, G. (2006). Asian creativity: A Response to Satoshi Kanazawa. Evolutionary Psychology, 4, 129-137.
  • Niu, W. & Kaufman, J.C. (2013). Creativity of Chinese and American cultures: A synthetic analysis. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 47(1), 77-87.
  • Moore, I. (2014). Cultural and Creative Industries concept – a historical perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 738-746.
  • Morris, M.W. & Leung, K. (2010). Creativity East and West: Perspectives and parallels. Management and Organization Review, 6(3), 313-327.
  • Moss, G. (2017). Artistic Enclaves in the Post-Industrial City, A Case Study of Lawrenceville Pittsburgh. New York: Springer.
  • Park, G., Lubinski, D. & Benbow, C.P. (2008). Ability differences among people who have commensurate degrees matter for scientific creativity. Psychological Science, 18(11), 948–952.
  • Parker, I. (2007). Revolution in psychology: Alienation to emancipation. London: Pluto Press.
  • Pearce B. & Hinds, P. (2018, January 11). How to make sure people won’t hate your new open office plan. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/01/sgc-research-when-moving-to-an-open-office-planpay-attention-to-how-your-employees-feel
  • Pollard, C. (2018, April 16). Amazon workers pee into bottles to save time: investigator. New York Post. Retrieved from https://nypost.com/2018/04/16/amazon-warehouse-workers-pee-intobottles-to-avoid-wasting-time-undercover-investigator/
  • Potts, J. D. (2009). Introduction: Creative industries and innovation policy. Innovation: Management, Policy and Practice, 11(2), 138-147.
  • Prentky, R. (1989). Creativity and psychopathology: Gamboling at the seat of madness. In J.A. Glover, R.R. Ronning & C.R. Reynolds (Eds.). New York: Plenum Press, 1989.
  • Richards, G. & Marques, L.(2012). Exploring creative tourism: Editor’s introduction. Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice, 4(2), 1-11.
  • Ritter, S.M., Damian, R.I., Simonton, D.K., Baaren, R.B. van, Strick, M.A., Derks, J.G. & Dijksterhuis, A.J. (2012). Diversifying experiences enhance cognitive flexibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 961-964.
  • Rozentale, I., & Lavanga, M. (2014). The “universal” characteristics of creative industries revisited: the case of Riga City. Culture and Society 5, 55–64.
  • Sangar, R. & Rangnekar, S. (2014). Psychological empowerment and role satisfaction as determinants of creativity. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation, 10(2), 119-127.
  • Schlesinger, P. (2006). Creativity: From discourse to doctrine? Revista da Associação Nacional dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2, 1-23.
  • Sethi, R., Smith, D.C. & Park, C.W. (2001). The effect of cross-functional product development teams on the innovativeness of new consumer products. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(1), 73-85.
  • Shneiderman, B., Hewett, T., Fischer, G., Jennings,. P., Czerwinski, M., Kules, B., Resnick, M., Nakakoji, K., Myers, B., Nunamaker, J., Candy, L., Edmonds, E., Pausch, R., Eisenberg, M., Giaccardi, E., Selker, T., Sylvan, E. & Terry, M. (2006). Creativity support tools: Report from a U.S. National Science Foundation sponsored workshop. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 20(2), 61-77.
  • Simonton, D.K. (2016). Defining creativity: don’t we also need to define what is not creative? The Journal of Creative Behavior, 52(1), 80-90.
  • Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2013). Translating team creativity to innovation implementation the role of team composition and climate for innovation. Journal of Management, 39(3), 684-708.
  • Sun, L.-Y., Zhang, Z., Qi, J. & Chen, Z.X. (2012). Empowerment and creativity: A cross-level investigation. The Leadership Quarterly, 23, 55-65.
  • Tadmor, C.T., Chao, M.M., Hong, Y. & Polzer, J.T. (2013). Not just for stereotyping anymore: racial essentialism reduces domain-general creativity. Psychological Science, 24(1), 99-105.
  • Tadmor, C.T., Satterstrom, P., Jang, S. & Polzer, J.T. (2012). Beyond individual creativity: The superadditive benefits of multicultural experience for collective creativity in culturally diverse teams. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(3), 384-392.
  • Tepper, S. (2002). Creative assets and the changing economy. The Journal of Arts Management, Law and Society, 32(1),159–68.
  • Tremblay, G. (2011). Creative statistics to support creative economy politics. Media, Culture & Society, 33(2), 289-298.
  • Vinton, K. (2017, October 27). Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos Is The Richest Person In The World–Again. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/katevinton/2017/10/27/amazon-ceo-jeffbezos-is-the-richest-person-in-the-world-again/#5b70f0919480
  • Visser, B.A., Ashton, M.C. & Vernon, P.A. (2006). Beyond g: Putting multiple intelligences theory to the test. Intelligence, 34, 487-502.
  • Ward, J., Thompson-Lake, D., Ely, R. & Kaminski, F. (2008). Synaesthesia, creativity and art: What is the link? British Journal of Psychology, 99, 127-141.
  • Williams, S. D. (2004). Personality, attitude, and leader influences on divergent thinking and creativity in organizations. European Journal of Innovation, 7, 187-204.
  • Woodman, R.W., Sawyer, J.E. & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293-321.
  • Yang, H., Chattopadhyay, A., Zhang, K. & Dahl, D.W. (2012). Unconscious creativity: When can unconscious thought outperform conscious thought. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22, 573–581.
  • Yao, X., Yang, Q., Dong, N., & Wang, L. (2010). Moderating effect of Zhong yong on the relationship between creativity and innovative behavior. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 53-57.
  • Yusuf, S. & Nabeshima, K. (2005). Creative industries in East Asia. Cities, 22(2), 109- 122.
  • Zampetakis, L.A. & Moustakis, V. (2006). Linking creativity with entrepreneurial intentions: A structural approach. Entrepreneurship Management, 2, 413-428.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ulaş Başar Gezgin Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 62

Kaynak Göster

APA Gezgin, U. B. (2019). What is Wrong With the Notion of Creative Industry?: 20 Objections to the Notion of Creative Industry. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 3(62), 1737-1756.
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