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Duygusal Emeğin Çalışanlar Üzerindeki Sonuçlarının İncelenmesi: Hemşirelik Mesleğinde Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 62, 2031 - 2046, 01.01.2019

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Eskişehir’de faaliyet gösteren devlet ve özel hastanesi olmak üzere toplam iki hastanede hemşireler üzerinde yapılan araştırmada, hemşirelerin sergiledikleri duygusal emek davranışlarının onların tükenme ve örgütsel bağlılık düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu araştırmada ayrıca paternalistik lider ve öz değerlendirmenin tükenme ve örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Toplam 190 hemşireden elde edilen verilere regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgulara göre yüzeysel rol yapmanın tükenme üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi yoktur. Paternalistik liderlik ve olumlu öz değerlendirme ile tükenme arasında ise anlamlı ve olumsuz bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Derinden rol yapma ile örgütsel bağlılık arasında ise anlamlı ve olumlu bir ilişki ortaya çıkmıştır. Paternalistik liderlik ve olumlu öz değerlendirme ile örgütsel bağlılık arasında ise anlamlı ve olumlu bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Arnold, K. A., Turner, N., Barling, J., Kelloway, E. K., & McKee, M. C. (2007). Transformational leadership and psychological well-being: the mediating role of meaningful work. Journal of occupational health psychology, 12(3), 193-203.
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88-115.
  • Aycan, Z. (2002). Leadership and teamwork in developing countries: Challenges and opportunities. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 7(2), 1-13.
  • Aycan, Z. (2006). Paternalism. In indigenous and cultural psychology. Springer US.
  • Aycan, Z., & Fikret-Pasa, S. (2003). Career choices, job selection criteria, and leadership preferences in a transitional nation: The case of Turkey. Journal of Career Development, 30(2), 129-144.
  • Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., & Kurshid, A. (2000). Impact of culture on human resource management practices: A 10‐country comparison. Applied Psychology, 49(1), 192-221.
  • Aycan, Z., Schyns, B., Sun, J. M., Felfe, J., & Saher, N. (2013). Convergence and divergence of paternalistic leadership: A cross-cultural investigation of prototypes Journal of International Business Studies, 44(9), 962-969.
  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
  • Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Demerouti, E., & Euwema, M. C. (2007). An organisational and social psychological perspective on burnout and work engagement. The Scope of Social Psychology: Theory and Applications (A Festschrift for Wolfgang Stroebe), 227-241.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252-1265.
  • Benligiray, S., & Sönmez, Y. D. D. H. (2011). Hemşirelerin mesleki bağlılıkları ile diğer bağlılık formları arasındaki ilişki: Örgüte bağlılık, işe bağlılık ve aileye bağlılık. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi,18(1), 28-40.
  • Biçkes, D. M., Yılmaz, C., Demirtaş, Ö., & Uğur, A. (2014). Duygusal emek ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik sermayenin aracılık rolü: Bir alan çalışması Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 97-121.
  • Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Core self‐evaluations: A review of the trait and its role in job satisfaction and job performance. European Journal of Personality, 17(S1), 5-18.
  • Burke, R. J., Koyuncu, M., & Fiksenbaum, L. (2010). Burnout, work satisfactions and psychological well-being among nurses in Turkish hospitals. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 63-81.
  • Cheung, F., Tang, C. S. K., & Tang, S. (2011). Psychological capital as a moderator between emotional labor, burnout, and job satisfaction among school teachers in China. International Journal of Stress Management,18(4), 348-371.
  • Çaldağ, M. A. (2010). Duygusal emek davranışlarının sağlık çalışanlarında iş sonuçlarına etkileri. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Çelik, M., & Turunç, Ö. (2011). Duygusal emek ve psikolojik sıkıntı: İş-aile çatışmasının aracılık etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2), 226-250.
  • de Vries, R. E., Roe, R. A., & Taillieu, T. C. (2002). Need for leadership as a moderator of the relationships between leadership and individual outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(2), 121-137.
  • Diefendorff, J. M., Erickson, R. J., Grandey, A. A., & Dahling, J. J. (2011). Emotional display rules as work unit norms: A multilevel analysis of emotional labor among nurses. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(2), 170-189.
  • Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach tükenmişlik ölçeğinin uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal psikoloji kongresi bilimsel çalışmaları, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Fikret-Paşa, S., Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2001). Society, organizations, and leadership in Turkey. Applied Psychology, 50(4), 559-589.
  • Fisher, C. D., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2000). The emerging role of emotions in work life: An introduction. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 21(1), 123- 129.
  • Freudenberger, H. J. (1975). The staff burn-out syndrome in alternative institutions. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 12(1), 73-82.
  • Goodwin, R. E., Groth, M., & Frenkel, S. J. (2011). Relationships between emotional labor, job performance, and turnover. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 538-548.
  • Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95-110.
  • Grandey, A. A. (2003). When “the show must go on”: Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of Management Journal, 46(1), 86-96.
  • Grandey, A. A., Fisk, G. M., Mattila, A. S., Jansen, K. J., & Sideman, L. A. (2005). Is “service with a smile” enough? Authenticity of positive displays during service encounters. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 96(1), 38-55.
  • Halbesleben, J. R. (2006). Sources of social support and burnout: a meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1134-1154.
  • Hetland, H., Sandal, G. M., & Johnson, T. B. (2007). Burnout in the information technology sector: Does leadership matter? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16, 58–75.
  • Hochschild, A. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Hülsheger, U. R., & Schewe, A. F. (2011). On the costs and benefits of emotional labor: A meta-analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 361-374.
  • Jourdain, G., & Chênevert, D. (2010). Job demands–resources, burnout and intention to leave the nursing profession: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(6), 709-722.
  • Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2003). The Core selfevaluations scale: Development of a measure. Personnel Psychology, 56, 304-317.
  • Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., & Durham, C. C. (1997). The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organizational Behavior, 19, 151-188.
  • Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction–job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376-386.
  • Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Erez, A., & Locke, E. A. (2005). Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: the role of self-concordance and goal attainment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(2), 257-268.
  • Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (1998). Leadership, values and institutions: The case of Turkey.Research papers. Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Kelloway, E. K., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Loughlin, C. (2012). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership. Work & Stress, 26(1), 39-55.
  • Kisbu, Y. (2006). Influences of regulatory focus, core self-evaluations and age on biases in perception and choice. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Koç University.
  • Li, X., Guan, L., Chang, H., & Zhang, B. (2014). Core self-evaluation and burnout among nurses: the mediating role of coping styles. PloS One, 9(12).
  • Maslach, C. (1976). Burnout. Human Behavior, 5(9), 16-22.
  • Maslach, C. (2003). Job burnout new directions in research and intervention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(5), 189-192.
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1984). Patterns of burnout among a national sample of public contact workers. Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration, 7(2), 189-212.
  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2008). Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 498-512.
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1986). Maslach burnout inventory. (2nd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Minibas-Poussard, J., Le Roy, J., & Erkmen, T. (2017). The moderating role of individual variables in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. Personnel Review, 46(8), 1635-1650.
  • Morris, J. A., & Feldman, D. C. (1997). Managing emotions in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Issues, 9(3), 257-274.
  • Motowidlo, S. J., Packard, J. S., & Manning, M. R. (1986). Occupational stress: Its causes and consequences for job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology,71(4), 618-629.
  • Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-247.
  • Nguyen, H., Groth, M., & Johnson, A. (2013). When the going gets tough, the tough keep working impact of emotional labor on absenteeism. Journal of Management, 42(3), 615-643.
  • Padavic, I., & Earnest, W. R. (1994). Paternalism as a component of managerial strategy. The Social Science Journal, 31(4), 389-405.
  • Pellegrini, E. K., & Scandura, T. A. (2006). Leader–member exchange (LMX), paternalism, and delegation in the Turkish business culture: An empirical investigation. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(2), 264-279.
  • Pellegrini, E. K., & Scandura, T. A. (2008). Paternalistic leadership: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 34(3), 566-593.
  • Pisaniello, S. L., Winefield, H. R., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2012). The influence of emotional labour and emotional work on the occupational health and wellbeing of South Australian hospital nurses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 579-591.
  • Schaufeli, W., & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis. CRC press.
  • Schmidt, K. H., & Diestel, S. (2014). Are emotional labour strategies by nurses associated with psychological costs? A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(11), 1450-1461.
  • Shirom, A. (1989). Burnout in work organizations. in C. L. Cooper & 1. T. Robertson (Eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Wiley: Chichester.
  • Tafvelin, S., Armelius, K., & Westerberg, K. (2011). Toward understanding the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 18(4), 480-492.
  • Tokmak, İ. (2014). The moderating effect of psychological capital in the relation between emotional labor and work alienation. Journal of Business Research-Türk, 6(3), 134-156.
  • Uhl-Bien, M., & Maslyn, M. (2005). Paternalism as a form of leadership: Differentiating paternalism from leader-member exchange. In 65th Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, August.
  • Ünler Öz, E. (2007). Effect of emotional labor on employees’ work outcomes. Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İngilizce İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Organizational Behavior Bilim Dalı.
  • Wasti, S. A. (1999).Organizational commitment in a collectivist culture: The case of Turkey (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).
  • Yang, F. H., & Chang, C. C. (2008). Emotional labour, job satisfaction and organizational commitment amongst clinical nurses: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies,45(6), 879-887.

The Examination of Emotional Labor’s Consequences on Employees: A Research in Nursing Occupation

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 62, 2031 - 2046, 01.01.2019

Öz

The aim of the present study is to explore the impact of emotional labor behaviors of nurses on burnout and organizational commitment levels, working for a private and public hospitals. Also, in present study the effect of paternalistic leader and core selfevaluation on burnout and organizational commitment are examined. The data, consisted of 190 nurses, are analyzed using regression analysis. The findings pointed out that surface acting has no impact on burnout. Paternalistic leader and positive core self-evaluation are significantly and negatively correlated with burnout. Deep acting is positively correlated with organizational commitment. Paternalistic leader and positive core self-evaluation are significantly and positively correlated with organizational commitment

Kaynakça

  • Arnold, K. A., Turner, N., Barling, J., Kelloway, E. K., & McKee, M. C. (2007). Transformational leadership and psychological well-being: the mediating role of meaningful work. Journal of occupational health psychology, 12(3), 193-203.
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88-115.
  • Aycan, Z. (2002). Leadership and teamwork in developing countries: Challenges and opportunities. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 7(2), 1-13.
  • Aycan, Z. (2006). Paternalism. In indigenous and cultural psychology. Springer US.
  • Aycan, Z., & Fikret-Pasa, S. (2003). Career choices, job selection criteria, and leadership preferences in a transitional nation: The case of Turkey. Journal of Career Development, 30(2), 129-144.
  • Aycan, Z., Kanungo, R., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., & Kurshid, A. (2000). Impact of culture on human resource management practices: A 10‐country comparison. Applied Psychology, 49(1), 192-221.
  • Aycan, Z., Schyns, B., Sun, J. M., Felfe, J., & Saher, N. (2013). Convergence and divergence of paternalistic leadership: A cross-cultural investigation of prototypes Journal of International Business Studies, 44(9), 962-969.
  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
  • Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Demerouti, E., & Euwema, M. C. (2007). An organisational and social psychological perspective on burnout and work engagement. The Scope of Social Psychology: Theory and Applications (A Festschrift for Wolfgang Stroebe), 227-241.
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998). Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252-1265.
  • Benligiray, S., & Sönmez, Y. D. D. H. (2011). Hemşirelerin mesleki bağlılıkları ile diğer bağlılık formları arasındaki ilişki: Örgüte bağlılık, işe bağlılık ve aileye bağlılık. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi,18(1), 28-40.
  • Biçkes, D. M., Yılmaz, C., Demirtaş, Ö., & Uğur, A. (2014). Duygusal emek ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik sermayenin aracılık rolü: Bir alan çalışması Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 97-121.
  • Bono, J. E., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Core self‐evaluations: A review of the trait and its role in job satisfaction and job performance. European Journal of Personality, 17(S1), 5-18.
  • Burke, R. J., Koyuncu, M., & Fiksenbaum, L. (2010). Burnout, work satisfactions and psychological well-being among nurses in Turkish hospitals. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 63-81.
  • Cheung, F., Tang, C. S. K., & Tang, S. (2011). Psychological capital as a moderator between emotional labor, burnout, and job satisfaction among school teachers in China. International Journal of Stress Management,18(4), 348-371.
  • Çaldağ, M. A. (2010). Duygusal emek davranışlarının sağlık çalışanlarında iş sonuçlarına etkileri. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Çelik, M., & Turunç, Ö. (2011). Duygusal emek ve psikolojik sıkıntı: İş-aile çatışmasının aracılık etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2), 226-250.
  • de Vries, R. E., Roe, R. A., & Taillieu, T. C. (2002). Need for leadership as a moderator of the relationships between leadership and individual outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(2), 121-137.
  • Diefendorff, J. M., Erickson, R. J., Grandey, A. A., & Dahling, J. J. (2011). Emotional display rules as work unit norms: A multilevel analysis of emotional labor among nurses. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(2), 170-189.
  • Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach tükenmişlik ölçeğinin uyarlanması. VII. Ulusal psikoloji kongresi bilimsel çalışmaları, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Fikret-Paşa, S., Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (2001). Society, organizations, and leadership in Turkey. Applied Psychology, 50(4), 559-589.
  • Fisher, C. D., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2000). The emerging role of emotions in work life: An introduction. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 21(1), 123- 129.
  • Freudenberger, H. J. (1975). The staff burn-out syndrome in alternative institutions. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 12(1), 73-82.
  • Goodwin, R. E., Groth, M., & Frenkel, S. J. (2011). Relationships between emotional labor, job performance, and turnover. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 538-548.
  • Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95-110.
  • Grandey, A. A. (2003). When “the show must go on”: Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. Academy of Management Journal, 46(1), 86-96.
  • Grandey, A. A., Fisk, G. M., Mattila, A. S., Jansen, K. J., & Sideman, L. A. (2005). Is “service with a smile” enough? Authenticity of positive displays during service encounters. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 96(1), 38-55.
  • Halbesleben, J. R. (2006). Sources of social support and burnout: a meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1134-1154.
  • Hetland, H., Sandal, G. M., & Johnson, T. B. (2007). Burnout in the information technology sector: Does leadership matter? European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16, 58–75.
  • Hochschild, A. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Hülsheger, U. R., & Schewe, A. F. (2011). On the costs and benefits of emotional labor: A meta-analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 361-374.
  • Jourdain, G., & Chênevert, D. (2010). Job demands–resources, burnout and intention to leave the nursing profession: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(6), 709-722.
  • Judge, T. A., Erez, A., Bono, J. E., & Thoresen, C. J. (2003). The Core selfevaluations scale: Development of a measure. Personnel Psychology, 56, 304-317.
  • Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., & Durham, C. C. (1997). The dispositional causes of job satisfaction: A core evaluations approach. Research in Organizational Behavior, 19, 151-188.
  • Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction–job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376-386.
  • Judge, T. A., Bono, J. E., Erez, A., & Locke, E. A. (2005). Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: the role of self-concordance and goal attainment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(2), 257-268.
  • Kabasakal, H., & Bodur, M. (1998). Leadership, values and institutions: The case of Turkey.Research papers. Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Kelloway, E. K., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Loughlin, C. (2012). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership. Work & Stress, 26(1), 39-55.
  • Kisbu, Y. (2006). Influences of regulatory focus, core self-evaluations and age on biases in perception and choice. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Koç University.
  • Li, X., Guan, L., Chang, H., & Zhang, B. (2014). Core self-evaluation and burnout among nurses: the mediating role of coping styles. PloS One, 9(12).
  • Maslach, C. (1976). Burnout. Human Behavior, 5(9), 16-22.
  • Maslach, C. (2003). Job burnout new directions in research and intervention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(5), 189-192.
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1984). Patterns of burnout among a national sample of public contact workers. Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration, 7(2), 189-212.
  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2008). Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 498-512.
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1986). Maslach burnout inventory. (2nd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Minibas-Poussard, J., Le Roy, J., & Erkmen, T. (2017). The moderating role of individual variables in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment. Personnel Review, 46(8), 1635-1650.
  • Morris, J. A., & Feldman, D. C. (1997). Managing emotions in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Issues, 9(3), 257-274.
  • Motowidlo, S. J., Packard, J. S., & Manning, M. R. (1986). Occupational stress: Its causes and consequences for job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology,71(4), 618-629.
  • Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-247.
  • Nguyen, H., Groth, M., & Johnson, A. (2013). When the going gets tough, the tough keep working impact of emotional labor on absenteeism. Journal of Management, 42(3), 615-643.
  • Padavic, I., & Earnest, W. R. (1994). Paternalism as a component of managerial strategy. The Social Science Journal, 31(4), 389-405.
  • Pellegrini, E. K., & Scandura, T. A. (2006). Leader–member exchange (LMX), paternalism, and delegation in the Turkish business culture: An empirical investigation. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(2), 264-279.
  • Pellegrini, E. K., & Scandura, T. A. (2008). Paternalistic leadership: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 34(3), 566-593.
  • Pisaniello, S. L., Winefield, H. R., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2012). The influence of emotional labour and emotional work on the occupational health and wellbeing of South Australian hospital nurses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 579-591.
  • Schaufeli, W., & Enzmann, D. (1998). The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis. CRC press.
  • Schmidt, K. H., & Diestel, S. (2014). Are emotional labour strategies by nurses associated with psychological costs? A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(11), 1450-1461.
  • Shirom, A. (1989). Burnout in work organizations. in C. L. Cooper & 1. T. Robertson (Eds), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Wiley: Chichester.
  • Tafvelin, S., Armelius, K., & Westerberg, K. (2011). Toward understanding the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 18(4), 480-492.
  • Tokmak, İ. (2014). The moderating effect of psychological capital in the relation between emotional labor and work alienation. Journal of Business Research-Türk, 6(3), 134-156.
  • Uhl-Bien, M., & Maslyn, M. (2005). Paternalism as a form of leadership: Differentiating paternalism from leader-member exchange. In 65th Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, August.
  • Ünler Öz, E. (2007). Effect of emotional labor on employees’ work outcomes. Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İngilizce İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Organizational Behavior Bilim Dalı.
  • Wasti, S. A. (1999).Organizational commitment in a collectivist culture: The case of Turkey (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign).
  • Yang, F. H., & Chang, C. C. (2008). Emotional labour, job satisfaction and organizational commitment amongst clinical nurses: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies,45(6), 879-887.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Aytül Ayşe Cengiz Bu kişi benim

Harun Sönmez Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 62

Kaynak Göster

APA Cengiz, A. A., & Sönmez, H. (2019). The Examination of Emotional Labor’s Consequences on Employees: A Research in Nursing Occupation. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 3(62), 2031-2046.
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