Robotların İstihdam Üzerindeki Etkisi: Seçilmiş Ülkeler Üzerine Ampirik İnceleme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 68, 269 - 288, 01.01.2021

Aslı Aydın

Öz

Robotların fiziksel donanımları ve ileri teknoloji içerikli yazılım teknolojileri bugün insan emeğinin gerçekleştirdiği işlerin büyük bir kısmını yerine getirmelerini mümkün kılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla robotların hızlı yayılımı dikkate alındığında, üretim süreçlerinde robotların emeği ikame etmesi ile oluşan teknolojik işsizlik endişelerinin hızlanmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma, robotların emek üzerindeki etkilerini istihdam açısından ele almaktadır. Çalışmada 2004-2016 yılları için robotlar ve istihdam arasındaki ilişki, seçili 47 ülke üzerinden Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu’nun sistem yöntemi System-Generalized Methods of Moments, SYSGMM çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, bir birim ilave robot kullanımının toplam istihdamda % 0.7 düşüşe neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Bulgular, yüksek gelirli ülkelerde robotların istihdama etkisinin daha olumsuz olduğunu, bir birim ilave robot kullanımının toplam istihdamda %3.1 düşüşe yol açtığını göstermektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

İstihdam, teknoloji, robotlar, SYS-GMM

Robotic Impact on Employment: Empiriıcal Investigation on Selected Countries

Öz

Today, robots' physical hardware and high-tech software technologies make it possible for them to perform most of the work done by human labor today. Therefore, considering the rapid spread of robots, concerns about the technological unemployment arising from the robots replacing human labor in production processes have become an important line of research in labor economics. This study addresses the impact of robots on human labor in terms of employment. In the study, the relationship between robots and employment for the time period 2004-2016 is analyzed within the framework of the System Generalized Moments Method SYSGMM over 47 selected countries. The findings show that the use of one unit of additional robots causes a 0.11% decrease in total employment. Moreover the findings indicate that the impact of robots on employment is more negative in high-income countries; each robot increase causes 0.17% decrease in aggregate employment

Anahtar Kelimeler

Employment, technology, robots, SYS-GMM

Kaynakça

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