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Piketty'nin Kapital’indeki Sermaye, Yoksulluk ve Eşitsizlik Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 78, 2121 - 2150, 19.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1325494

Öz

Son elli yılda gelişmiş kapitalist dünyada artan gelir ve servet eşitsizlikleri sorunu, hem sosyal araştırmaların hem de siyasi mücadelenin konusu olmuştur. Bu gelişmeye paralel olarak 1970'lerin ortalarından bu yana küresel olarak eşitsizliğin büyümesini fazlasıyla belgeleyen kapsamlı bir literatür oluşmuştur. Özellikle Fransız ekonomist Thomas Piketty'nin, Batı’daki ekonomik eşitsizliğe ilişkin dönüm noktası niteliğindeki analizi bu açıdan önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. “Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Kapital” isimli kitap, hem popüler hem de akademik çevrelerde büyük ilgi gören ve kapitalizmin geleceği ile ilgili kapsamlı bir eserdir. Bu kitapta Piketty, ekonomik büyüme teorileri ile fonksiyonel ve kişisel gelir dağılımları arasında bağlantı kurarak kapitalist ekonominin işleyişine dair birleşik bir teori oluşturmaya çalışır. Bunu yaparken aynı zamanda sermaye birikimini ve dağıtımını yönlendiren büyük dinamiklerin neler olduğunu bulmaya çalışır. Ona göre eşitsizliğin uzun vadeli evrimi, servetin yoğunlaşması ve ekonomik büyüme beklentisi ile ilgili sorular, ekonomi politiğin merkezinde yer alır. Uzun vadeli tarihsel veri serilerine dayanarak, ekonomik ayrışmanın güçlerinin kapitalizmde egemen olma eğilimindedir. 20. yüzyılı bu kuralın bir istisnası olarak görür ve 21. yüzyılda kapitalizmi sürdürülebilir kılacak politikalar önerir. Bu doğrultuda, temel ekonomik ve sosyal kalıpları ortaya çıkarmak için on sekizinci yüzyıla kadar uzanan yirmi ülkeden benzersiz bir veri koleksiyonunu analiz ediyor. Ayrıca zenginlik ve eşitsizliğin tarihsel gelişimini açıklamak için 18. yüzyıla kadar uzanan verileri kullanıyor. Verilerle eşleşen bir model önerir ve bu modeli 21. yüzyılda artan servet eşitsizliğini tahmin etmek için kullanır. Hatta senaryoyu desteklemek için yüksek gelir ve servet üzerinden vergi alınmasını önerir.

Kaynakça

  • Ataman, Berrin Ceylan. (2014), Kitap İncelemesi: Thomas Piketty'nin 21. YY'da Eşitsizlik Dinamiklerini Bir Kıt'a Avrupası Bakış Açısından Değerlendirmesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, SBF Dergisi, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 3, 631 – 637
  • Beker, V.A.(2014), Piketty: inequality, poverty and managerial capitalism, Real-world Economics Review, Issue no. 69
  • Berman Sheri.(2014), “Francis Fukuyama’s ‘Political Order and Political Decay,’” New York Times, September 11, www.nytimes.com/2014/09/14/books/review/francis-fukuyamas-political-order-and-political-decay.html
  • Birdsall, Nancy.(2014), Thomas Piketty’s Capital and the Developing World, https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2014/thomas-pikettys-capital-and-the-developing-world/ December 2014
  • Boratav, K. (2014). Kitap İncelemesi: "21. Yüzyılda Kapital" Üzerine Notlar, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Cilt: 69, Sayı:3, 9-36
  • Chancel L, T. Piketty.(2019), Indian income inequality, 1922–2014: From British Raj to Billionaire Raj? WIDER (2017), The review of income and wealth, Volume65, IssueS1, November, p.S33-S62
  • Dahms, Harry F.(2015), Toward a Critical Theory of Capital in the 21st Century: Thomas Piketty between Adam Smith and the Prospect of Apocalypse, Critical Sociology, Volume: 41, Issue: 2, pp:359-374
  • Delalande, Nicolas.(2015), Toward a Political History of Capital? Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, Volume 70, Issue 1, 2015, pp:47-59
  • Dolcerocca, A and G. Terzioglu (Winter 2015), ‘Interview with Thomas Piketty: Piketty responds to criticisms from the left, Potemkin Review, vol.1, n°1. Available from: < http://www.potemkinreview.com/pikettyinterview.html> (29 April 2015).
  • Gaiha R, K. Imai, M.A. Nandhi.(2009), Millennium development goal of halving poverty in Asia: Progress, prospects and priorities, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Volume: 44 issue: 2, pp: 215-237
  • Gordon, David.(2018), Inequality, Capital, and the Problem of Piketty, The Austrian A Publication Of The Mise S Institute, Vol. 4, No. 1 January – February, pp.15-18
  • Hopkin, Jonathan.(2014), The politics of Piketty: what political science can learn from, and contribute to, the debate on Capital in the twenty-first century, The British Journal of Sociology, Dec;65(4), pp:678-95
  • https://theconversation.com/welfare-works-redistribution-is-the-way-to-create-less-violent-less-unequal-societies-128807
  • https://theconversation.com/why-inequality-matters-for-the-rich-and-the-poor-47804
  • https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/10/thomas-piketty-class-struggle-book-review
  • https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/03/09/thomas-piketty-goes-global
  • Kevin J. Lansing, Agnieszka Markiewicz.(2018), Top Incomes, Rising Inequality and Welfare, The Economic Journal, Volume128, Issue608, February, pp:262-297
  • Kopczuk, Wojciech, and Saez, Emmanuel (2004) Top wealth shares in the United States, 1916–2000: Evidence from estate tax returns, National Tax Journal, 57 (2, Pt. 2), pp:445–88
  • Kotz D. M. (2015), The Rise and Fall of Neoliberal Capitalism, Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, pp:50-63
  • Kotz David M, Terrence McDonough and Cian McMahon.(2019), Reading Capital in the Twenty-First Century: Thomas Piketty and Political Economy, Revue de la régulation, Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, 26|2nd semestre/Autumn
  • Lemieux, T. (2006), Postsecondary education and increasing wage inequality, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, Vol. 96 (2), pp:195-9
  • Milanovic, Branko.(2014), The Return of “Patrimonial Capitalism”: A Review of Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Journal of Economic Literature, 52(2), pp:519–534
  • O’Brien, John Eustice .(2020), Thomas Piketty’s Historical-Institutional Study of Wealth and Income Inequality, Critical Sociology, Volume: 46 issue: 7-8, pp:1311-1325
  • OECD.(2014), Education at a Glance 2014, OECD indicators, OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/Education-at-a-Glance-2014.pdf
  • O'Neill Martin.(2017), Survey Article: Philosophy and Public Policy after Piketty, Political Philosophy, Volume25, Issue3, September 2017, pp:343-375
  • Piachaud David.(2014), Piketty's capital and social policy, The British Journal of Sociology, Volume 65, Issue 4, Special Issue: Piketty Symposium, December 2014, pp.696-707
  • Piketty Thomas.(2014), Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Kapital, (Çeviren:Hande Koçak), İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Piketty Thomas.(2020), Capital and Ideology, Harvard University Press
  • Randall G. Holcombe.(2014), Capital and labor, Past and present, in the context of Piketty’s Capital, The Review of Austrian Economics, Volume 28, pp:195–207
  • Rieder Maria & Theine Hendrik.(2019), Piketty is a genius, but … ’: an analysis of journalistic delegitimation of Thomas Piketty’s economic policy proposals, Critical Discourse Studies, Volume 16, Issue3, pp.248-263
  • Robinson William I.(2018), Capitalism in the Twenty-First Century: Global Inequality, Piketty, and the Transnational Capitalist Class, Twenty-First Century Inequality& Capitalism: Piketty, Marx and Beyond, Series:Studies in Critical Social Sciences, Volume: 116,Volume (Editors: Lauren Langman and David A. Smith), ISBN: 978-90-04-35704-4, pp:238–254
  • Rubén M. Lo Vuolo.(2015), Piketty’s Capital, His Critics and Basic Income, Basic Income Studies, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp.29-43
  • Stiglitz. Joseph.(2014), Eşitsizliğin Bedeli, (Çev:Ozan İşler), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Summers, L.H. (2014), The inequality puzzle, Democracy, A Journal of Ideas, Vol (33).
  • Sutch Richard.(2017), The One Percent across Two Centuries: A Replication of Thomas Piketty's Data on the Concentration of Wealth in the United States, Published online by Cambridge University Press,13 October
  • Vallier, K. (2019), Rawls. Piketty. and the Critique of Welfare-State Capitalism, Journal of Politics, 81 (1), pp:142-152
  • Varsha, S. S. Kulkarni, Raghav Gaiha.(2020), Beyond Piketty: A new perspective on poverty and inequality in India, Journal of Policy Modeling, Available online 17 November
  • Warshawsky Mark J.(2016), Review and Critique of Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Mercatus Research, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Arlington, VA, June
  • Wilkinson, R.,& Pickett, K. (2010), The Spirit Level:Why Equality is Better For Everyone. London: Penguin
  • World Bank.(2005), World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development (Washington, D.C.econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469372&piPK=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000112742_20050920110826

An Assessment on Capital, Poverty and Inequality Approach in Pıketty's Capital

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 78, 2121 - 2150, 19.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1325494

Öz

The problem of increasing income and wealth inequalities in the developed capitalist world in the last fifty years has been the subject of both social studies and political struggle. In the process, an extensive literature has emerged that amply documents the growth of inequality globally since the mid-1970s. Especially French economist Thomas Piketty's landmark analysis of economic inequality in the West has an important place in this respect. The book “Capital in the Twenty-First Century” is a comprehensive work on the future of capitalism, which has received great attention in both popular and academic circles. In this book, Piketty tries to create a unified theory of the workings of the capitalist economy by linking economic growth theories with functional and personal income distributions. While doing this, it also tries to find out what the major dynamics are that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital. For him, questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospect of economic growth are central to political economy. Based on long-term historical data series, the forces of economic disintegration tend to dominate capitalism. It sees the 20th century as an exception to this rule and proposes policies that will make capitalism sustainable in the 21st century. Piketty analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries dating back to the eighteenth century to reveal key economic and social patterns. In this context, he uses data dating back to the 18th century to explain the historical development of wealth and inequality. It proposes a model that matches the data and uses this model to predict rising wealth inequality in the 21st century. He recommends levying taxes on high income and wealth to support this scenario.

Kaynakça

  • Ataman, Berrin Ceylan. (2014), Kitap İncelemesi: Thomas Piketty'nin 21. YY'da Eşitsizlik Dinamiklerini Bir Kıt'a Avrupası Bakış Açısından Değerlendirmesi, Ankara Üniversitesi, SBF Dergisi, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 3, 631 – 637
  • Beker, V.A.(2014), Piketty: inequality, poverty and managerial capitalism, Real-world Economics Review, Issue no. 69
  • Berman Sheri.(2014), “Francis Fukuyama’s ‘Political Order and Political Decay,’” New York Times, September 11, www.nytimes.com/2014/09/14/books/review/francis-fukuyamas-political-order-and-political-decay.html
  • Birdsall, Nancy.(2014), Thomas Piketty’s Capital and the Developing World, https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2014/thomas-pikettys-capital-and-the-developing-world/ December 2014
  • Boratav, K. (2014). Kitap İncelemesi: "21. Yüzyılda Kapital" Üzerine Notlar, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, Cilt: 69, Sayı:3, 9-36
  • Chancel L, T. Piketty.(2019), Indian income inequality, 1922–2014: From British Raj to Billionaire Raj? WIDER (2017), The review of income and wealth, Volume65, IssueS1, November, p.S33-S62
  • Dahms, Harry F.(2015), Toward a Critical Theory of Capital in the 21st Century: Thomas Piketty between Adam Smith and the Prospect of Apocalypse, Critical Sociology, Volume: 41, Issue: 2, pp:359-374
  • Delalande, Nicolas.(2015), Toward a Political History of Capital? Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, Volume 70, Issue 1, 2015, pp:47-59
  • Dolcerocca, A and G. Terzioglu (Winter 2015), ‘Interview with Thomas Piketty: Piketty responds to criticisms from the left, Potemkin Review, vol.1, n°1. Available from: < http://www.potemkinreview.com/pikettyinterview.html> (29 April 2015).
  • Gaiha R, K. Imai, M.A. Nandhi.(2009), Millennium development goal of halving poverty in Asia: Progress, prospects and priorities, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Volume: 44 issue: 2, pp: 215-237
  • Gordon, David.(2018), Inequality, Capital, and the Problem of Piketty, The Austrian A Publication Of The Mise S Institute, Vol. 4, No. 1 January – February, pp.15-18
  • Hopkin, Jonathan.(2014), The politics of Piketty: what political science can learn from, and contribute to, the debate on Capital in the twenty-first century, The British Journal of Sociology, Dec;65(4), pp:678-95
  • https://theconversation.com/welfare-works-redistribution-is-the-way-to-create-less-violent-less-unequal-societies-128807
  • https://theconversation.com/why-inequality-matters-for-the-rich-and-the-poor-47804
  • https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/10/thomas-piketty-class-struggle-book-review
  • https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/03/09/thomas-piketty-goes-global
  • Kevin J. Lansing, Agnieszka Markiewicz.(2018), Top Incomes, Rising Inequality and Welfare, The Economic Journal, Volume128, Issue608, February, pp:262-297
  • Kopczuk, Wojciech, and Saez, Emmanuel (2004) Top wealth shares in the United States, 1916–2000: Evidence from estate tax returns, National Tax Journal, 57 (2, Pt. 2), pp:445–88
  • Kotz D. M. (2015), The Rise and Fall of Neoliberal Capitalism, Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, pp:50-63
  • Kotz David M, Terrence McDonough and Cian McMahon.(2019), Reading Capital in the Twenty-First Century: Thomas Piketty and Political Economy, Revue de la régulation, Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, 26|2nd semestre/Autumn
  • Lemieux, T. (2006), Postsecondary education and increasing wage inequality, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, Vol. 96 (2), pp:195-9
  • Milanovic, Branko.(2014), The Return of “Patrimonial Capitalism”: A Review of Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Journal of Economic Literature, 52(2), pp:519–534
  • O’Brien, John Eustice .(2020), Thomas Piketty’s Historical-Institutional Study of Wealth and Income Inequality, Critical Sociology, Volume: 46 issue: 7-8, pp:1311-1325
  • OECD.(2014), Education at a Glance 2014, OECD indicators, OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/education/Education-at-a-Glance-2014.pdf
  • O'Neill Martin.(2017), Survey Article: Philosophy and Public Policy after Piketty, Political Philosophy, Volume25, Issue3, September 2017, pp:343-375
  • Piachaud David.(2014), Piketty's capital and social policy, The British Journal of Sociology, Volume 65, Issue 4, Special Issue: Piketty Symposium, December 2014, pp.696-707
  • Piketty Thomas.(2014), Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Kapital, (Çeviren:Hande Koçak), İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Piketty Thomas.(2020), Capital and Ideology, Harvard University Press
  • Randall G. Holcombe.(2014), Capital and labor, Past and present, in the context of Piketty’s Capital, The Review of Austrian Economics, Volume 28, pp:195–207
  • Rieder Maria & Theine Hendrik.(2019), Piketty is a genius, but … ’: an analysis of journalistic delegitimation of Thomas Piketty’s economic policy proposals, Critical Discourse Studies, Volume 16, Issue3, pp.248-263
  • Robinson William I.(2018), Capitalism in the Twenty-First Century: Global Inequality, Piketty, and the Transnational Capitalist Class, Twenty-First Century Inequality& Capitalism: Piketty, Marx and Beyond, Series:Studies in Critical Social Sciences, Volume: 116,Volume (Editors: Lauren Langman and David A. Smith), ISBN: 978-90-04-35704-4, pp:238–254
  • Rubén M. Lo Vuolo.(2015), Piketty’s Capital, His Critics and Basic Income, Basic Income Studies, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp.29-43
  • Stiglitz. Joseph.(2014), Eşitsizliğin Bedeli, (Çev:Ozan İşler), İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Summers, L.H. (2014), The inequality puzzle, Democracy, A Journal of Ideas, Vol (33).
  • Sutch Richard.(2017), The One Percent across Two Centuries: A Replication of Thomas Piketty's Data on the Concentration of Wealth in the United States, Published online by Cambridge University Press,13 October
  • Vallier, K. (2019), Rawls. Piketty. and the Critique of Welfare-State Capitalism, Journal of Politics, 81 (1), pp:142-152
  • Varsha, S. S. Kulkarni, Raghav Gaiha.(2020), Beyond Piketty: A new perspective on poverty and inequality in India, Journal of Policy Modeling, Available online 17 November
  • Warshawsky Mark J.(2016), Review and Critique of Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Mercatus Research, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Arlington, VA, June
  • Wilkinson, R.,& Pickett, K. (2010), The Spirit Level:Why Equality is Better For Everyone. London: Penguin
  • World Bank.(2005), World Development Report 2006: Equity and Development (Washington, D.C.econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469372&piPK=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000112742_20050920110826
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Makro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yaşar Bülbül Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8169-2376

Abdulkadir Şenkal Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5888-7474

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 78

Kaynak Göster

APA Bülbül, Y., & Şenkal, A. (2023). Piketty’nin Kapital’indeki Sermaye, Yoksulluk ve Eşitsizlik Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 3(78), 2121-2150. https://doi.org/10.54752/ct.1325494
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