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THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922)

Cilt: 22 Sayı: Özel Sayı 30 Eylül 2022
  • Elçin Yılmaz *
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THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922)

Öz

The Turkish War of Independence continued for more than 3 years and ended with the liberation of İzmir from the Allied occupation on September 9, 1922. The victory won after a great struggle on three big fronts laid the foundations for the new state to be established. In the struggle for independence led by Mustafa Kemal Pasha, a diplomatic and military struggle was given at the same time. This struggle had been both the Turkish Grand National Assembly's struggle for its existence in the international arena and the existence of the Turkish Nation against those who wanted to end its existence as a nation. Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who set out with the principle of "Independence or Death", and the heroic assembly never compromised on the decisions of the National Pact, regardless of the circumstances, and declared that they were in favor of accepting all kinds of peace conditions that did not contradict the national independence and sovereignty. In this process, the diplomatic efforts with the United States of America in the Turkish War of Independence were of great importance. Delegations, semi-official and official statesmen sent by the United States to Turkey at various times played an important role in promoting Turkey's struggle in the international community. Meetings were held with the delegations sent from America and the most important political leaders, and Turkey's demands on the most important issues were expressed in these meetings. In this study, we have researched the issues that came to the fore in the American official archive documents in the last 2 months of the Turkish War of Independence's victory (August and September). We particularly selected and researched these two months as the last months before the recapture of Izmir by Turkish armies. We tried to reveal how the political leaders of America, which we can accept as impartial, handle some of the controversial issues even today. While doing this, we made primary use of the original official documents in the Gale National Archive documents. We consulted original British official archives and newspapers, as well as American newspapers, on some subjects that we needed to compare. In this study, the articles about Turkey in the American archive documents in August and September of 1922 will be discussed in detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Central File: Decimal File 767.68, Political Relations Of States, Relations; Bi-Lateral Treaties., Turkey And Greece, June 18, 1914 - September 25, 1922. National Archives (United States)
  2. ATASE Archive, İSH, K: 23, G: 50, B: 6,7.
  3. British Foreign Office Archive, FO 424/254, No: 139.
  4. Askeri Tarih Belgeleri Journal, Ankara Genel Kurmay Publication, Vol: 151, Ankara, 2008.
  5. Genel Kurmay Başkanlığı, Türk İstiklal Harbi Batı Cephesi, Büyük Taarruz (1-31 August 1922), Vol: 2, Part 6, Genel Kurmay Publication, Ankara, 1995.
  6. Akın, Rıdvan, Türk Siyasal Tarihi (1908-2000), On iki Levha Press, Istanbul, 2009.
  7. Armaoğlu,Fahir, Türk Amerikan İlişkileri, Kronik Kitap, İstanbul, 2019.
  8. Ayışığı, Metin Kurtuluş Savaşı Sırasında Türkiye’ye Gelen Amerikan Heyetleri, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 2004.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Elçin Yılmaz * Bu kişi benim
0000-0001-6385-8504
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Eylül 2022

Gönderilme Tarihi

6 Ağustos 2022

Kabul Tarihi

2 Eylül 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2022 Cilt: 22 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA
Yılmaz, E. (2022). THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922). Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı), 5-34. https://izlik.org/JA36JE69PF
AMA
1.Yılmaz E. THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922). ÇTTAD. 2022;22(Özel Sayı):5-34. https://izlik.org/JA36JE69PF
Chicago
Yılmaz, Elçin. 2022. “THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922)”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 22 (Özel Sayı): 5-34. https://izlik.org/JA36JE69PF.
EndNote
Yılmaz E (01 Eylül 2022) THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922). Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 22 Özel Sayı 5–34.
IEEE
[1]E. Yılmaz, “THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922)”, ÇTTAD, c. 22, sy Özel Sayı, ss. 5–34, Eyl. 2022, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA36JE69PF
ISNAD
Yılmaz, Elçin. “THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922)”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 22/Özel Sayı (01 Eylül 2022): 5-34. https://izlik.org/JA36JE69PF.
JAMA
1.Yılmaz E. THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922). ÇTTAD. 2022;22:5–34.
MLA
Yılmaz, Elçin. “THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922)”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 22, sy Özel Sayı, Eylül 2022, ss. 5-34, https://izlik.org/JA36JE69PF.
Vancouver
1.Elçin Yılmaz. THE UNITED STATES ATTITUDE IN THE PROCESS LEADING TO THE LIBERATION OF IZMIR (AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1922). ÇTTAD [Internet]. 01 Eylül 2022;22(Özel Sayı):5-34. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA36JE69PF