Differences in Linguistic Features of Spontaneous Speech: The Case of Obama’s Speeches at the London, Toronto and Cannes G-20 Summit Press Conferences
Yıl 2014,
Cilt: 43 Sayı: 1, 39 - 45, 24.01.2014
Bilal Genç
,
Ali Göksu
,
Kağan Buyukkarcı
Öz
The research presented in this paper aimed to investigate the linguistic and discourse characteristics of Mr. Obama’s press conferences held after the G-20 summits in London in 2009, in Toronto in 2010 and in Cannes in 2011. The President’s speeches were divided into two separate parts: (1) the first part during which he spoke about his plans to deepen international connections and the second during which he answered the questions of journalists from different nationalities– question/answer session –considered as spontaneous speech text and labeled a TC, LC and CC. Using concordance software the number of types and tokens and the type-token ratio were calculated. The results show that although the number of tokens decreases chronically, in terms of the qualitative analysis all speeches display similar characteristics regarding vocabulary variation.
Kaynakça
- Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1992). The telling of a tale: Discourse structure and tense use. learners' narratives. Pragmatics and Language Learning 3, 144-161.
- Crossley, S.A & Mcnamara, D.S. (2009). Computational assessment of lexical differences in L1 and L2 writing. Journal of Second Language Writing 18, 119-135.
- Dewaele, J. M. (2005). Investigating the psychological and emotional dimensions in instructed language learning: Obstacles and possibilities. The Modern Language Journal 89 (3), 367–380.
- Dewaele, J. M., & Pavlenko, A. (2002). Emotion vocabulary in interlanguage. Language Learning 52 (2), 263–322.
- Hinkel, E. (2004). Tense, aspect and the passive voice in L1 and L2 academic texts. Language Teaching Research 8(1), pp. 5-29.
- Hinkel, E. (2009). The effects of essay topics on modal verb uses in L1 and L2 academic writing. Journal of Pragmatics 41, 667-683.
- Horowitz, R. & S.J. Samuels (Eds.). 1987. Comprehending oral and written language. San Diego, CA: Academic Press Inc.
- Kormos, J. (2011). Task complexity and linguistic and discourse features of narrative writing performance. Journal of Second Language Writing 20, 148-161.
- Laufer, B. & Nation, P. (1995).Vocabulary size and use: Lexical richness in L2 written production. Oxford University Press.
- Laufer, B. (2003). The influence of L2 on L1 collocational knowledge and on L1 lexical diversity in free written expression. In V. Cook (Ed.), Effects of the second language on the first (pp. 19–31).Clevedon, OH: Multilingual Matters.
- Pu, M.M. (2006). Spoken and written narratives: A comparative study. Journal of Chinese Language and Computing 16(1), 37-61.
- Yee Ho, J.W. (2009). The language of anger in Chinese and English narratives. International Journal of bilingualism. 13(4), 481-500.
Yıl 2014,
Cilt: 43 Sayı: 1, 39 - 45, 24.01.2014
Bilal Genç
,
Ali Göksu
,
Kağan Buyukkarcı
Kaynakça
- Bardovi-Harlig, K. (1992). The telling of a tale: Discourse structure and tense use. learners' narratives. Pragmatics and Language Learning 3, 144-161.
- Crossley, S.A & Mcnamara, D.S. (2009). Computational assessment of lexical differences in L1 and L2 writing. Journal of Second Language Writing 18, 119-135.
- Dewaele, J. M. (2005). Investigating the psychological and emotional dimensions in instructed language learning: Obstacles and possibilities. The Modern Language Journal 89 (3), 367–380.
- Dewaele, J. M., & Pavlenko, A. (2002). Emotion vocabulary in interlanguage. Language Learning 52 (2), 263–322.
- Hinkel, E. (2004). Tense, aspect and the passive voice in L1 and L2 academic texts. Language Teaching Research 8(1), pp. 5-29.
- Hinkel, E. (2009). The effects of essay topics on modal verb uses in L1 and L2 academic writing. Journal of Pragmatics 41, 667-683.
- Horowitz, R. & S.J. Samuels (Eds.). 1987. Comprehending oral and written language. San Diego, CA: Academic Press Inc.
- Kormos, J. (2011). Task complexity and linguistic and discourse features of narrative writing performance. Journal of Second Language Writing 20, 148-161.
- Laufer, B. & Nation, P. (1995).Vocabulary size and use: Lexical richness in L2 written production. Oxford University Press.
- Laufer, B. (2003). The influence of L2 on L1 collocational knowledge and on L1 lexical diversity in free written expression. In V. Cook (Ed.), Effects of the second language on the first (pp. 19–31).Clevedon, OH: Multilingual Matters.
- Pu, M.M. (2006). Spoken and written narratives: A comparative study. Journal of Chinese Language and Computing 16(1), 37-61.
- Yee Ho, J.W. (2009). The language of anger in Chinese and English narratives. International Journal of bilingualism. 13(4), 481-500.