EN
TR
The Letter Rā (ر) in the Science of Qirāat: A Study on the Risāla al-Rāiyya of Suleyman Vehbi Efendi of Bursa, a member of the Council of Tedkīk-i Mesāhif-i Şerīfe (Investigation of the Noble Manuscripts of the Qurʾān), one of the late Ottoman Qurrās
Abstract
In this article, the issues related to the reading of the letter rā as tafhīm/thick and tarqīq/thin are discussed in the context of the Risāla al-Rāiyya of one of the last Ottoman qurrās, Süleyman Vehbi of Bursa (d. 1334/1916). Phonetic differences, which express the way the letters of the Qurʾān are vocalised, are the most important element that constitutes the practical dimension of the science of qirāat. In this respect, the letters in the Qurʾānic alphabet are generally vocalised with one of the opposite adjectives of tafhīm-tarqīq. However, the letters lām and rā are sometimes pronounced thick and sometimes thin. It is unanimous that what is essential in the letter lām is that it is pronounced with tarqīq and in some cases it is read with taḥlīz/tafhīm. However, the scholars have disagreed on whether the letter rā is pronounced with tafhīm or tarqīq. While some of them say that the letter rā does not have the feature of tafhīm-tarqīq in its original form and that it is pronounced with one of them under certain conditions; the majority (jumhūr), on the other hand, argues that what is essential in rā is tafhīm and that it is pronounced with tarqīq under certain conditions. In particular, according to the narration of Warsh (d. 197/812) and al-Azraq (d. 240/854), the determination of the places where the letter rā should be read with tafhīm-tarqīq has been considered one of the most difficult issues in the study of qirāat. Yet, up to the present day, there has not been a Turkish work -except for Suleyman Vehbi's treatise- in which the disagreements among the Quraysh regarding the letter rā have been fully explained and clarified. In Turkish works, the issues related to the reading of the letter rā are generally dealt within the narration of Hafs (d. 180/796), and information on the reading of the letter rā by Warsh and al-Azraq is not included to a sufficient extent. In this context, filling this gap is one of the aims of this study. The reason why the article is discussed within the framework of Risāla al-Rāiyya is that the author refers to almost all of the works such as al-Nashr, Ithāf, Zubdat al-irfān, Umdat al-hullān, al-Ītilāf, Bedā' al-burhān and Murshid al-talaba, which were used as the main sources in the study of qirāat in the Ottoman period, and deals with the subject in a systematic manner and mentions the errors and deficiencies in the aforementioned works when necessary. In this article, firstly, the author's life is given and then the subjects covered in the treatise are clarified. While doing this, the place of the information given by the author in the original sources and the reason for the recitation of the rā with tafhīm-tarqīq were tried to be determined. In addition, it is aimed to facilitate the researchers by identifying the relevant places of the sources in which the author mentioned errors and deficiencies in the work and pointing out which phrases and expressions should be corrected. At the end of the study, it is seen that al-Azraq is in agreement with other Quraysh in the composition of the rā with kasra and the exegesis of the rā with damma at the beginning of words. However, he only uses the mansūb-maftūh rās in the middle-end of the word with the tarqīq if "it comes after the essential fractional letter from the original of the word", "the absence of a calm hurūf al-isti'lān between the necessary fraction and rā, except for hā/خ" and "the rā comes after the calm letter yā"; If the rā is with a tanwīn although it has these conditions, he recited it in two ways as tarqīq and tafhīm, and if one of these conditions is not present, he recited it only with tafhīm. As for the madmūm and marfū rās, if they fulfil the conditions mentioned for the mansūb rās, Warsh read them only with tarqīq and al-Azraq read them with tarqīq and tafhīm. It should be noted here that many works of qirāat, especially from the Ottoman period, are waiting to be unearthed in libraries. The discovery and examination of these works is important both in terms of determining how the science of qirāat followed a course in the process and in terms of putting forward new studies by making use of the data of the aforementioned works.
Keywords
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
Türkçe
Konular
Kuran-ı Kerim Okuma ve Kıraat
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Osman Bostan
*
0000-0002-7543-9187
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
15 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi
29 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi
22 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 1970 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2
ISNAD
Bostan, Osman. “Kıraat İlminde Râ (ر) Harfi: Son Dönem Osmanlı Kurrâlarından Tedkîk-i Mesâhif-i Şerîfe Meclisi Âzası Bursalı Süleyman Vehbi Efendi’nin Risâle-i Râiyye Adlı Eseri Özelinde Bir İnceleme”. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 28/2 (01 Aralık 2024): 592-618. https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.1523889.