Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye'de Fasulye Ekim Alanlarında Görülen Fungal Hastalıklar ve Yaygınlıkları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 98 - 107, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.69560/cujast.1792764

Öz

Türkiye, baklagil üretiminde önemli bir konuma sahiptir. 2023 üretim yılı verilerine göre, Türkiye 305 bin tonluk kuru fasulye üretimi ile dünyada 19. sırada; 519 bin tonluk taze fasulye üretimi ile de dünyada 4. sırada yer almaktadır. Son yıllarda mantari hastalıkların artması nedeniyle fasulye üretimi ve kalitesi büyük oranda düşmüştür. Fasulye üretimini etkileyen kritik hastalıklardan biri kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü olup, bu çalışma ile başta Eskişehir, Balıkesir, Kütahya, Bursa, Niğde, Nevşehir, Burdur, Karaman ve Konya olmak üzere Türkiye'nin 9 ilinde kök çürüklüğüne neden olan fungal hastalıklar araştırılmıştır. Bu dokuz ilde ana üretim alanları için 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında sürveyler yapılmıştır. Sürveylerde çökerten, köklerde nekroz, yapraklarda sararma, vasküler elemanlarda renk değişikliği, solgunluk ve kuruma belirtileri gösteren bitkiler toplanmıştır. Hastalıklı bitkilerden izolasyonlar yapılmış ve 214 adet Fusarium spp., 83 adet Rhizoctonia sp., 32 adet Macrophomina sp., 12 adet Alternaria spp., 11 adet Athelia sp., 4 adet Ceratobasidium sp., 4 adet Bionectria sp, 1 adet Trichoderma spp. ve 1 adet Phythium sp. izolatı elde edilmiştir. Bu fungal cinslerden en yaygın olanı %16.2 yaygınlık oranıyla Fusarium spp. olmuştur.

Etik Beyan

Çalışmanın tüm süreçlerinin araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olduğunu, etik kurallara ve bilimsel atıf gösterme ilkelerine uyduğumu beyan ederim.

Destekleyen Kurum

TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMALAR VE POLİTİKALAR GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TBAD/Ü/18/A7/P3/4)

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü’ nün TAGEM/TBAD/Ü/19/A7/P3/1871 numaralı projesi tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Abawi, G. S., & Pastor-Corrales, M. A. (1990). Root rots of beans in Latin America and Africa: Diagnosis, research methodologies, and management strategies (No. 35). CIAT.
  • Akarca, Z. (2013). Erzincan ilinde fasulye bitkilerinin toprak üstü aksamlarından izole edilen Rhizoctonia türlerinin anastomosis grupları ve patojenitesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Akber, M. A., Mubeen, M., Sohail, M. A., Khan, S. W., Solanki, M. K., Khalid, R., Abbas, A., Divvela, P. K., & Zhou, L. (2023). Global distribution, traditional and modern detection, diagnostic, and management approaches of Rhizoctonia solani associated with legume crops. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, Article 1091288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1091288
  • Arca, G., & Yıldız, M. (1989). Investigation on the physiological variation of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. in the Aegean Region. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 18, 39–45.
  • Avan, M., İslamoğlu, M., Tümsavaş, Z., & Bolat, A. (2025). Adıyaman ili fasulye ekim alanlarında görülen bitki koruma sorunlarının tespiti. Adıyutayam, 13(1), 18–29.
  • Babu Kishore, B., Saxena, A. K., Srivastava, A. K., & Arora, D. K. (2007). Identification and detection of Macrophomina phaseolina by using species-specific oligonucleotide primers and probe. Mycologia, 99(6), 797–803. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.99.6.797
  • Baran, B., & Kurt, Ş. (2001). Evaluation of sesame line/cultivars for resistance against charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina [Tassi] Goid.). In Proceedings of the IV International Symposium “New and Non-traditional Plants and Prospects of Their Utilization” (Vol. 3, pp. 23–25). Moscow, Russia.
  • Booth, C. (1971). Fusarium. CABI.
  • Bora, T., & Karaca, İ. (1970). Kültür bitkilerinde hastalığın ve zararın ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları (No. 167).
  • Canpolat, S., Tülek, S., Yağmur, A., Duman, K., Karayel, R., Atmaca, E., & Kılınç, A. T. (2022). Screening some bean genotypes for resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina in Türkiye. Biodiversity Studies, 1(1), 13–20.
  • Canpolat, S., Woodward, S., & Kurbetli, İ. (2023). Molecular and pathological characterization of the isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Türkiye. Journal of Plant Pathology, 105(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01377-2
  • Carling, D. E., & Summer, D. R. (1992). Rhizoctonia. In L. L. Singleton, J. D. Mihail, & C. M. Rush (Eds.), Methods for research on soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi (pp. 157–165). APS Press.
  • Clarkson, J. D. S., & Cook, R. J. (1983). Effect of sharp eyespot on yield loss in winter wheat. Plant Pathology, 32, 421–428.
  • Cromey, M. G., Butler, R. C., Boddington, H. J., & Moorhead, A. R. (2002). Effects of sharp eyespot on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30, 9–17.
  • Crous, P. W., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Rheeder, J., Marasas, W. F. O., & Phillips, A. J. L. (2006). Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology, 55, 235–253. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.55.1.235
  • Demirci, E., & Çağlar, A. (1998). Fungi isolated from seeds of bean in Erzurum province. Plant Protection Bulletin, 38(1–2), 91–97.
  • Dhingra, O. D., & Sinclair, J. B. (1978). Biology and pathology of Macrophomina phaseolina. Australasian Plant Pathology, 7, 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03212337
  • Ellis, M. B. (1971). Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
  • FAOSTAT. (2024). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat
  • Hall, R. (1994). Bean diseases, bean pathogens, and bean disease control. APS Press.
  • Hall, R., Schwartz, H. F., Steadman, J. R., & Forster, R. L. (2005). Compendium of bean diseases (2nd ed.). APS Press.
  • Hatat, G. (1995). Samsun ilinde bazı kültür bitkilerinde bulunan Pythium türlerinin tespiti ve patojeniteleri (Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Hesami, N., Darvishnia, M., & Bazgir, E. (2021). Reaction of nine bean cultivars to two Fusarium species. Plant Pathology Science, 10(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.2982/PPS.10.2.93
  • Ichielevich-Auster, M., Sneh, B., Koltin, Y., & Barash, I. (1985). Suppression of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia species by a nonpathogenic isolate of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 75, 1080–1084.
  • Karonji, S., Odhiambo, N. O., Muli, J. K., Mugweru, J., & Mwirichia, R. (2024). Control of Alternaria leaf spot of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using soil-derived biological agents. Scientifica, Article 3896663. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3896663
  • Kınay, P., & Yıldız, M. (1994). The effects of some fertilizers on vine decline on melon caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. In 9th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union (pp. 389–391).
  • Luna, M. P. R., Mueller, D., Mengistu, A., Singh, A. K., Hartman, G. L., & Wise, K. (2017). Advancing our understanding of charcoal rot in soybeans. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 8(1), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmw020
  • Sneh, B., Burpee, L., & Ogoshi, A. (1994). Identification of Rhizoctonia species. APS Press.
  • Wrather, A., Shannon, G., Balardin, R., Carregal, L., Escobar, R., Gupta, G. K., Ma, Z., Morel, W., Ploper, D., & Tenuta, A. (2010). Effect of diseases on soybean yield in the top eight producing countries in 2006. Plant Health Progress, 11, Article 29. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-2010-0102-01-RS

Fungal Diseases Occurring in Bean Cultivation Areas of Turkiye and Their Prevalence

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 98 - 107, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.69560/cujast.1792764

Öz

Türkiye has an important position for legume production. Occording to the data of 2023, Türkiye has 19th rank for dry bean and 4th rank for fresh bean production in the world. Due to the increase of fungal diseases, bean production and quality has recently shown great reduction. One of the critical diseases affecting bean production is root and collar rots and with this study, fungal diseases causing root rot were investigated in 9 provinces of Turkiye, mainly in Eskişehir, Balıkesir, Kütahya, Bursa, Niğde, Nevşehir, Burdur, Karaman and Konya. Surveys were carried out in these nine provinces in 2018 and 2019 for the main production areas. During the surveys, plants showing damping-off, necrosis on the roots, yellowing on the leaves, discoloration on the vascular elements, wilting and drying symptoms were collected. From the diseased plants; 214 Fusarium spp., 83 Rhizoctonia sp., 32 Macrophomina sp., 12 Alternaria spp., 11 Athelia sp., 4 Ceratobasidium sp., 4 Bionectria sp., 1 Trichoderma spp. and 1 Phythium sp. isolates were obtained. The most common of these fungal genera was Fusarium spp. with a prevalence rate of 16.2%.

Etik Beyan

I declare that all processes of the study are in accordance with research and publication ethics and that I comply with ethical rules and scientific citation principles.

Destekleyen Kurum

GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND POLICIES (TAGEM)

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TBAD/Ü/18/A7/P3/4)

Teşekkür

This study was supported by the Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies project numbered TAGEM/TBAD/Ü/19/A7/P3/1871.

Kaynakça

  • Abawi, G. S., & Pastor-Corrales, M. A. (1990). Root rots of beans in Latin America and Africa: Diagnosis, research methodologies, and management strategies (No. 35). CIAT.
  • Akarca, Z. (2013). Erzincan ilinde fasulye bitkilerinin toprak üstü aksamlarından izole edilen Rhizoctonia türlerinin anastomosis grupları ve patojenitesi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Akber, M. A., Mubeen, M., Sohail, M. A., Khan, S. W., Solanki, M. K., Khalid, R., Abbas, A., Divvela, P. K., & Zhou, L. (2023). Global distribution, traditional and modern detection, diagnostic, and management approaches of Rhizoctonia solani associated with legume crops. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, Article 1091288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1091288
  • Arca, G., & Yıldız, M. (1989). Investigation on the physiological variation of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. in the Aegean Region. Journal of Turkish Phytopathology, 18, 39–45.
  • Avan, M., İslamoğlu, M., Tümsavaş, Z., & Bolat, A. (2025). Adıyaman ili fasulye ekim alanlarında görülen bitki koruma sorunlarının tespiti. Adıyutayam, 13(1), 18–29.
  • Babu Kishore, B., Saxena, A. K., Srivastava, A. K., & Arora, D. K. (2007). Identification and detection of Macrophomina phaseolina by using species-specific oligonucleotide primers and probe. Mycologia, 99(6), 797–803. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.99.6.797
  • Baran, B., & Kurt, Ş. (2001). Evaluation of sesame line/cultivars for resistance against charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina [Tassi] Goid.). In Proceedings of the IV International Symposium “New and Non-traditional Plants and Prospects of Their Utilization” (Vol. 3, pp. 23–25). Moscow, Russia.
  • Booth, C. (1971). Fusarium. CABI.
  • Bora, T., & Karaca, İ. (1970). Kültür bitkilerinde hastalığın ve zararın ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları (No. 167).
  • Canpolat, S., Tülek, S., Yağmur, A., Duman, K., Karayel, R., Atmaca, E., & Kılınç, A. T. (2022). Screening some bean genotypes for resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina in Türkiye. Biodiversity Studies, 1(1), 13–20.
  • Canpolat, S., Woodward, S., & Kurbetli, İ. (2023). Molecular and pathological characterization of the isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. associated with dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Türkiye. Journal of Plant Pathology, 105(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-023-01377-2
  • Carling, D. E., & Summer, D. R. (1992). Rhizoctonia. In L. L. Singleton, J. D. Mihail, & C. M. Rush (Eds.), Methods for research on soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi (pp. 157–165). APS Press.
  • Clarkson, J. D. S., & Cook, R. J. (1983). Effect of sharp eyespot on yield loss in winter wheat. Plant Pathology, 32, 421–428.
  • Cromey, M. G., Butler, R. C., Boddington, H. J., & Moorhead, A. R. (2002). Effects of sharp eyespot on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 30, 9–17.
  • Crous, P. W., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Rheeder, J., Marasas, W. F. O., & Phillips, A. J. L. (2006). Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology, 55, 235–253. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.55.1.235
  • Demirci, E., & Çağlar, A. (1998). Fungi isolated from seeds of bean in Erzurum province. Plant Protection Bulletin, 38(1–2), 91–97.
  • Dhingra, O. D., & Sinclair, J. B. (1978). Biology and pathology of Macrophomina phaseolina. Australasian Plant Pathology, 7, 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03212337
  • Ellis, M. B. (1971). Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
  • FAOSTAT. (2024). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat
  • Hall, R. (1994). Bean diseases, bean pathogens, and bean disease control. APS Press.
  • Hall, R., Schwartz, H. F., Steadman, J. R., & Forster, R. L. (2005). Compendium of bean diseases (2nd ed.). APS Press.
  • Hatat, G. (1995). Samsun ilinde bazı kültür bitkilerinde bulunan Pythium türlerinin tespiti ve patojeniteleri (Doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Hesami, N., Darvishnia, M., & Bazgir, E. (2021). Reaction of nine bean cultivars to two Fusarium species. Plant Pathology Science, 10(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.2982/PPS.10.2.93
  • Ichielevich-Auster, M., Sneh, B., Koltin, Y., & Barash, I. (1985). Suppression of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia species by a nonpathogenic isolate of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 75, 1080–1084.
  • Karonji, S., Odhiambo, N. O., Muli, J. K., Mugweru, J., & Mwirichia, R. (2024). Control of Alternaria leaf spot of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using soil-derived biological agents. Scientifica, Article 3896663. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3896663
  • Kınay, P., & Yıldız, M. (1994). The effects of some fertilizers on vine decline on melon caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. In 9th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union (pp. 389–391).
  • Luna, M. P. R., Mueller, D., Mengistu, A., Singh, A. K., Hartman, G. L., & Wise, K. (2017). Advancing our understanding of charcoal rot in soybeans. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 8(1), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmw020
  • Sneh, B., Burpee, L., & Ogoshi, A. (1994). Identification of Rhizoctonia species. APS Press.
  • Wrather, A., Shannon, G., Balardin, R., Carregal, L., Escobar, R., Gupta, G. K., Ma, Z., Morel, W., Ploper, D., & Tenuta, A. (2010). Effect of diseases on soybean yield in the top eight producing countries in 2006. Plant Health Progress, 11, Article 29. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-2010-0102-01-RS
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Biyomühendislik (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sirel Canpolat 0000-0003-4595-6148

Senem Tülek 0000-0002-7364-4750

Abdulaziz Yağmur 0000-0003-0960-6714

Duygu Mermer Doğu 0000-0003-4577-1741

Proje Numarası TAGEM/TBAD/Ü/18/A7/P3/4)
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 12 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Canpolat, S., Tülek, S., Yağmur, A., Mermer Doğu, D. (2025). Fungal Diseases Occurring in Bean Cultivation Areas of Turkiye and Their Prevalence. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(2), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.69560/cujast.1792764