Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell and use in therapy

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 5, 30.06.2023

Zeynep Aral Sena Çakır

Öz

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell therapy is a cellular therapy method that has developed rapidly in recent years and is especially promising in cancer treatment. Although there is a long history of cell-mediated therapies, the development of CARs has recently been among the cell-mediated therapies. Among the biggest reasons for this is the success of CAR-T Cell therapy against hematological malignancies. In this review, the history of cell-mediated therapy methods, the structure of the CAR-T Cell, its production methods, the method of application during treatment, its mechanism of action and the diseases in which this cell-mediated therapy method is used are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chimeric Antigen Receptor, cell-mediated therapy, T cell, hematological cancers

Kimerik antijen receptorü (CAR-T) hücresi ve tedavide kullanımı

Öz

Kimerik Antijen Reseptörü (CAR) T Hücre tedavisi son yıllarda hızla gelişen ve özellikle kanser tedavisinde umut vadeden bir hücresel terapi yöntemidir. Hücre aracılı terapilerin uzun süreli bir geçmişi mevcut olmakla birlikte CAR’ların gelişimi yakın bir geçmişte hücre aracılı tedavi yöntemleri arasında yer bulmuştur. Bunun en büyük sebepleri arasında CAR-T Hücre tedavisinin hematolojik maligniteler karşısındaki başarısı gelmektedir. Bu makalede hücre aracılı terapi yöntemlerinin tarihçesi, CAR-T Hücresinin yapısı, üretim yöntemleri, tedavi sırasında uygulanma yöntemi, etki mekanizması ve bu hücre aracılı terapi yönteminin kullanıldığı hastalıklara değinilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kimerik Antijen Reseptör, hücre aracılı terapi, T hücre, hematolojik kanserler

Kaynakça

• Aly RM. Current state of stem cell-based therapies: an overview. Stem Cell Investig. 2020;7:8.
• El-Kadiry AE, Rafei M, Shammaa R. Cell therapy: types, regulation, and clinical benefits. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:756029.
• Brown-Sequard C. Notes on the effects produced on man by sub-cutaneous injections of a liquid obtained from the testicles of animals. Lancet. 1889;134:105-7
• Wang LL, Janes ME, Kumbhojkar N, Kapate N, Clegg JR, Prakash S et al. Cell therapies in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med. 2021;6:e10214.
• De Bousser E, Callewaert N, Festjens N. T Cell engaging immunotherapies, highlighting Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13:6067.
• Lei W, Xie M, Jiang Q, Xu N, Li P, Liang A et al. Treatment-related adverse events of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR T) in clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13:3912.
• Fischer JW, Bhattarai N. CAR-T cell therapy: mechanism, management, and mitigation of inflammatory toxicities. Front Immunol. 2021;12:693016..
• Sterner RC, Sterner RM. CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies. Blood Cancer J. 2021;11:69.
• Lefrère JJ, Berche P. La thérapeutique du docteur Brown-Séquard. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2010;71:69–75.
• Bongso A, Richards M. History and perspective of stem cell research. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;18:827-42.
• Blau CA. E. Donnall Thomas, M.D. (1920–2012). Stem Cells Transl Med. 2013;2:81–2.
• Kasakura S. Great contributions of E. Donnall Thomas to the development of clinical applications of bone marrow transplantation, leading to the 1990 Nobel Prize in Medicine/Physiology. Int J Hematol. 2005;81:87-8.
• Fuchs E, Tumbar T, Guasch G. Socializing with the neighbors: stem cells and their niche. Cell. 2004;116:769-78.
• Dobosz P, Dzieciątkowski T. The intriguing history of cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2965.
• Rodrigues MC, Morais JAV, Ganassin R, Oliveira GRT, Costa FC, Morais AAC et al. An overview on immunogenic cell death in cancer biology and therapy. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14:1564..
• Bernadic M Jr, Duchon R, Aziri R, Mladosievicova B. New principles of cancer therapy give new hope for oncological patients. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2019;120:15-8.
• Zhang X, Zhu L, Zhang H, Chen S, Xiao Y. CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies: current opportunities and challenges. Front Immunol. 2022;13:927153.
• Aparicio C, Belver M, Enríquez L, Espeso F, Núñez L, Sánchez A et al.. Cell therapy for colorectal cancer: the promise of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:11781.
• Brown K, Seftel MD, Hay KA. Innovations in cancer immunotherapy: chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T). CMAJ. 2021;193:E1300-2.
• Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Böll B, Schellongowski P, Valade S, Metaxa V et al. Critical care management of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy recipients. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:78-93.
• Chmielewski M, Hombach AA, Abken H. Of CARs and TRUCKs: chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered with an inducible cytokine to modulate the tumor stroma. Immunol Rev. 2014;257:83-90.
• Miliotou AN, Papadopoulou LC. CAR T-cell therapy: a new era in cancer immunotherapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2018;19:5-18.
• Gören Şahin D, Akay OM. Kimerik Antijen Reseptör-T-Hücre Tedavisi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medicine. 2019;4(3):139–146.
• Solmaz Ş, Gökmen Sevindik Ö, Acar C, Türkyilmaz D, Kaya SY, Tunali S et al. Akut myeloid lösemi hastalarımızın retrospektif değerlendirilmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;29:65-9.
• Singh N, Frey NV, Grupp SA, Maude SL. CAR T cell therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and potential for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2016;17:28.
• Zhang C, Liu J, Zhong JF, Zhang X. Engineering CAR-T cells. Biomark Res. 2017;5:22.
• Priceman SJ, Forman SJ, Brown CE. Smart CARs engineered for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Oncol. 2015;27:466-74..
• Moon EK, Wang LC, Dolfi DV, Wilson CB, Ranganathan R, Sun J et al. Multifactorial T-cell hypofunction that is reversible can limit the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor-transduced human T cells in solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2014;20:4262-73..
• Zheng Y, Zha Y, Gajewski TF. Molecular regulation of T-cell anergy. EMBO Rep. 2008;9:50-5..