HPV (İnsan papillomavirus) aşısına güncel yaklaşımlar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 18 - 23, 30.06.2024

Özlem Dal , Leman Gafarlı , Melek İpek Karagöz , Ayşe Nur Çakır Güngör

Öz

İnsan papilloma virüs (HPV) dünyada en sık cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalık olarak kabul edilmektedir. HPV enfeksiyonu yaygın siğillere ve diğer dermatolojik olmayan hastalıklara sebep olur. Onkojenik (yüksek riskli) HPV suşları ve serviks kanseri arasındaki ilişki ise açıkça ortaya konulmuştur. HPV aşıları, kanser ilişkili HPV enfeksiyonlarına karşı uzun süre ve güvenilir bir koruma sağlar. Ayrıca HPV aşılaması, HPV’nin sebep olduğu serviks dışı kanserlerin gelişim riskini de azaltır. Aşı, doğal maruziyetten önce enfeksiyonları engelleyerek etki gösterir. Bu yüzden faydalarını en üst düzeye çıkarmak için HPV aşısının cinsel aktivite başlamadan önce yapılması önerilir. HPV ve aşı konusunda eğitim vermek özellikle düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde enfeksiyon yükünü azaltmada en önemli yöntemlerden biridir. Bu makalede HPV aşılarında stratejiler, koruyuculuk ve muhtemel yan etkiler ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

HPV, HPV aşısı, serviks kanseri, koruyuculuk, yan etkiler

Current approaches to HPV (Human papillomavirus) vaccine

Öz

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered as the most common viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. HPV infection causes common and anogenital warts, as well as other non-dermatological diseases. The association between certain oncogenic (high-risk) strains of HPV and cervical cancer is well established. The HPV vaccine offers a long-lasting, reliable defence against the HPV infection that is most frequently linked to cancer. Also, HPV vaccination reduces the risk of developing cancers caused by HPV at sites other than the cervix. Vaccines work by preventing infections prior to natural exposure so HPV vaccination prior to onset of sexual activity is recommended to maximize the benefit of the vaccine. Providing education about HPV and vaccination is one of the most important issues that decreases the burden of the infection especially in low and middle income countries. This article will discuss the vaccination strategies, protectivity and possible side effects of HPV vaccination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

HPV, HPV vaccine, cervix cancer, protectivity, side effects

Kaynakça

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