Stres ve beyin: psikiyatrik hastalıklarda kortizolün yeri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 44 - 51, 30.12.2024

Özlem Dal , Mehmet Emin Demirkol

Öz

Kortizol, stres yanıtında önemli bir rol oynayan bir glukokortikoiddir ve hipotalamus-pituiter-adrenal (HPA) aks üzerinden kontrol edilir. Bu eksendeki aksaklıklar, endokrin, kardiyovasküler, immünolojik ve nörolojik sistemlerde çeşitli patolojilere yol açabilir. Son yıllarda birçok psikiyatrik hastalığın patofizyolojisinin daha iyi anlaşılmasıyla, kortizolün özellikle kronik stresle bağlantılı olarak bu hastalıklarla ilişkisi önemli bir araştırma konusu olmuştur. Çalışmalar, kronik stres ve yüksek kortizol seviyelerinin beyinin özellikle hipokampüs, amigdala ve prefrontal korteks gibi bölgelerde olumsuz değişimlere neden olabileceğini göstermektedir. Derlemede kortizol ve psikiyatrik hastalıklar arasındaki ilişkiyi kapsamlı bir başlık altında toplayarak stresin insan sağlığına kısa süreli ruhsal sıkıntı olmaktan çok öte etkilerine dikkat çekmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu makalede, kortizol ile ilişkili psikiyatrik hastalıkların patofizyolojisi, tanı yöntemleri ve tedavi yaklaşımları ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

stres, kortizol, depresyon, travma sonrası stres bozuklukğu, bipolar bozukluk, şizofreni

Stress and the brain: the role of cortisol in psychiatric diseases

Öz

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid that plays a crucial role in the stress response and is regulated via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Dysfunctions in this axis can lead to various pathologies in the endocrine, cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological systems. In recent years, with a better understanding of the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders, the relationship between cortisol and these disorders—particularly in connection with chronic stress—has become a significant area of research. Studies indicate that chronic stress and elevated cortisol levels can cause negative changes in the brain, particularly in regions such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. The review aims to highlight the effects of stress on human health, emphasizing that it goes far beyond short-term psychological distress, by comprehensively addressing the relationship between cortisol and psychiatric disorders under a unified title. This article discusses the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches related to cortisol-associated psychiatric disorders.

Anahtar Kelimeler

stress, cortisol, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia

Kaynakça

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