An Overview of Micro-Hydropower Technologies and Design Characteristics of Waterwheel Systems

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1, 117 - 134, 15.06.2016

Mehmet Bilgili Arif Ozbek

https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.317742

Öz

In recent years, the global warming and efficient usage of energy sources are become most attractive issues. Furthermore, renewable energy technologies play an important role in addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Among the renewable energy technologies, hydropower is considered to be the most advanced and mature, providing some level of electricity generation in more than 160 countries worldwide. Micro-hydropower plant is in the category of small-scale hydropower projects, and it provides an affordable, reliable, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally energy alternative for rural area. In this article, micro-hydropower technologies, design and performance characteristics, power losses, mechanical powers and efficiencies for the waterwheel systems such as breastshot, overshot and undershot are reviewed in detail and compared each other. In addition, the development of worldwide hydropower capacity is discussed, and the top countries in terms of total installed capacity are reported and investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Micro-hydropower, Waterwheels systems, Breastshot, Overshot, Undershot

Mikro-Hidroelektrik Teknolojileri ve Su Çarkı Sistemlerinin Tasarım Özelliklerine Genel Bir Bakış

Öz

Son yıllarda, küresel ısınma ve enerji kaynaklarının verimli kullanılması en cazip konular haline gelmiştir. Ayrıca, yenilenebilir enerji teknolojileri, küresel enerji ve çevre sorunları açısından önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerji teknolojileri arasında, hidroelektrik dünya çapında 160'tan fazla ülkede elektrik üretimini belli bir düzeyde sağlayarak, en gelişmiş ve olgun olarak kabul edilmektedir. Mikro hidroelektrik santrali küçük ölçekli hidroelektrik projelerin kategorisindedir ve kırsal alan için uygun fiyatlı, güvenilir, sosyal açıdan kabul edilebilir, ekonomik ve çevre açısından duyarlı bir enerji alternatifi olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu makalede, gövde çarpmalı, üstten çarpmalı ve alttan çarpmalı gibi su çarkı sistemleri için mikro hidroelektrik teknolojilerinin tasarım ve performans özellikleri, güç kayıpları, mekanik güçler ve verimliliği ayrıntılı olarak gözden geçirilmiş ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Buna ek olarak, tüm dünyada hidroelektrik kapasitesinin gelişmesi tartışılmış ve toplam kurulu güç açısından başta gelen ülkeler detaylı olarak incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikro-hidroelektrik, Su çarkı sistemleri, Gövde çarpmalı, Üstten çarpmalı, Alttan çarpmalı.

Kaynakça

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