Evaluation of food consumption and physical activity status in patients with schizophrenia

Year 2023, Volume: 48 Issue: 2, 409 - 418, 02.07.2023

Gülbin Karagöl , Emrah Songur , Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1239968

Abstract

Purpose: Unhealthy lifestyle factors make up a significant proportion of the factors that cause high morbidity and mortality risk. The life span of patients with schizophrenia is 10–20 years less than that of the general population due to lifestyle-related diseases. The aim of this study is to compare with healthy individuals the nutritional habits, nutritional status, and physical activity levels of schizophrenic patients.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 25–55-year-old 40 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders and 30 healthy controls matched for age and gender. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional habits, three-day food consumption and a 24-hour retrospective physical activity records were collected.
Results: Dietary energy, protein, total fat, cholesterol, and fiber intakes were found to be lower only in female schizophrenia patients than in their healthy counterparts. Patients with schizophrenia presented with lower intakes of dietary thiamine, niacin, iron, and zinc compared to healthy controls. Patients with schizophrenia recorded lower physical activity levels compared to healthy controls (1.59±0.22 and 1.77±0.17 respectively ).
Conclusion: Unhealthy diet and sedentary life observed in patients with schizophrenia can lead to the development of serious medical comorbidities and to an increase in the side effects of antipsychotic medications. Therefore, patients with schizophrenia should be encouraged to consume healthy diets and undertake more physical activities requires the multidisciplinary approach of specialized professionals.

Keywords

Schizophrenia, nutrition, energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate

Şizofreni tanılı hastaların besin tüketimi ve fiziksel aktivite durumlarının değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Yüksek morbidite ve mortalite riskine neden olan etmenlerin önemli bir kısmını yanlış beslenme alışkanlıkları oluşturmaktadır. Şizofreni hastalarında yaşam tarzı ile ilgili hastalıklar nedeniyle yaşam süreleri genel popülasyona göre 10-20 yıl kadar daha azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, şizofreni hastalarının beslenme alışkanlıklarını, beslenme durumlarını ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerini sağlıklı bireyler ile karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 25-55 yaş arası, şizofreni veya şizoaffektif bozukluk tanısı almış 40 hasta ile yaş ve cinsiyet yönünden eşleştirilmiş 30 sağlıklı kontrol üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Sosyodemografik özellikler, beslenme alışkanlıkları, üç günlük besin tüketimi ve 24 saatlik geriye dönük fiziksel aktivite kayıtları ile ilgili veriler toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Kadın şizofreni hastalarında diyetle enerji, protein, toplam yağ, kolesterol ve posa alımları sağlıklı kontrollerden düşük bulunmuştur. Şizofreni hastalarında diyetle tiamin, niasin, demir ve çinko alımları sağlıklı kontrollerden daha düşük bulunmuştur. Şizofreni hastalarının sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri daha düşüktür (sırasıyla 1.59±0.22 and 1.77±0.17).
Sonuç: Şizofreni hastalarında gözlenen sağlıksız beslenme ve sedanter yaşam ciddi tıbbi komorbiditelerin gelişmesine ve antipsikotik ilaçların yan etkilerinin artmasına neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, şizofreni hastalarının sağlıklı beslenmeleri ve daha fazla fiziksel aktivite yapmaları için teşvik edilmesi, uzman profesyonel multidisipliner yaklaşımını gerektirir.

Keywords

Şizofreni, sağlıklı beslenme, besin ögeleri, fiziksel aktivite.

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