REKABET ÜSTÜNLÜĞÜ SAĞLAMADA İNOVASYON VE REKABET STRATEJİLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 488 - 511, 29.10.2022

Özlem Tuna , Münevvere Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1123679

Öz

Artan küreselleşme, hızlı teknolojik değişiklikler ve yeni yaşam tarzları kurumlar için muazzam stratejik fırsatlar ortaya çıkarırken inovasyon, rekabet yarışında ana farklılaştırıcılardan biri haline gelmiştir. Yeni fikirlerin başarılı bir şekilde kullanılması bir kurumun süreçlerini iyileştirmesi, piyasaya yeni ürünler ve gelişmiş hizmetler sunması, verimliliğini artırması ve en önemlisi performansını iyileştirmesi için çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmayla, hastanelerin inovasyon ve stratejik seçimleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin yedi farklı bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren kamu, üniversite ve özel olmak üzere toplam 79 hastanede, hastane üst düzey yöneticileri ile bir anket uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnovasyon ve rekabet stratejilerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre fark gösterip göstermediği tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile çözümlenmiştir. Ayrıca inovasyon ve rekabet stratejileri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi için korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda hastaların gruplara ayrılmasında kullanılan değişkenlerin hastanelerin özelliklerine göre bir farklılık göstermediği ve hastaların gruplara ayrımı ile rekabet stratejileri arasında bir ilişkinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda hastanelerde inovasyon faaliyetlerinin desteklenmesi ile her üç rekabet stratejisi arasında anlamlı orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnovasyon, Rekabet stratejileri, Maliyet liderliği, Farklılaşma, Hastaneler

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES IN PROVIDING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Öz

Innovation has become one of the main differentiators in the competitive race, as increasing globalization, rapid technological changes and new lifestyles open up enormous strategic opportunities for corporations. The successful use of new ideas is crucial for an organization to improve its processes, bring new products and improved services to market, increase efficiency and most importantly improve performance. With this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between innovation and strategic choices of hospitals. In line with the purpose of the research, a survey was conducted with hospital senior managers in a total of 79 public, university and private hospitals operating in seven different regions of Turkey. Whether innovation and competition strategies differ according to various variables was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, correlation and regression analyzes were applied to determine the relationship between innovation and competitive strategies. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the variables used to divide the patients into groups did not differ according to the characteristics of the hospitals, and there was no relationship between the separation of the patients into groups and the competitive strategies. At the same time, a significant moderate relationship was found between supporting innovation activities in hospitals and all three competitive strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Innovation, Competitive strategies, Cost leadership, Differentation, Hospitals

Kaynakça

• Adhikari, B. (2011). Innovation: Tools to create competitive advantage for business. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1-13.
• Ahmed, P.K., & Shepherd, C.D. (2010). Innovation Management: Context, strategies, systems, and processes. Pearson Education Limited.
• Akan, O., Allen, R.S., Helms, M., & Spralls, A. vd. (2006) Critical tactics for implementing Porter’s generic strategies. J Bus Strateg, 27(1):43–53.
• Akpolat, M. & Işık, O. (2012). Hastanelerde Rekabet Stratejileri ve Performans. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(1): 401-424.
• Allen, R., Helms, M., Takeda, M., & White, C. (2007). Porter's generic strategies: an exploratory study of their use in Japan. Journal of business strategies, 24(1): 69-90.
• Anahita B., Jennifer R., & Sally S. (2009). Towards a Multidisciplinary Definition of Innovation, Management Decision 47(8),1323-1339.
• Angelmar, R. (1990). Product innovation: A tool for competitive advantage. European Journal of Operational Research, 47:182-189.
• Anning-Dorson, T. (2018). Innovation and competitive advantage creation: The role of organizational leadership in service firms from emerging markets. International Marketing Review, 35(4): 580-600.
• Aslan, Ö., Boz, C., & Cerit, M. (2018). Sağlık inovasyonu üzerine kavramsal bir çerçeve ve sağlıkta dönüşüm programı. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4(15): 786-789.
• Başara, B.B. Güler, C. (2020). Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2020 Haber Bülteni, ~2021~ T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri Genel Müdürlüğü.
• Bayraktar, C.A. Hancerliogullari, G. Çetingüç, B., & Çalışır, F. (2016). Competitive strategies, innovation, and firm performance: an empirical study in a developing economy environment. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 1-15.
• Bertelèa, U., & Chiesa, V. (2001). Competitive Strategies: Organizational. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2436-2440.
• Buul, O.B., & Omundi, R. (2017). An analysis of competitive strategies and performance of small and medium enterprises in Kenya: a case of Nairobi central business district. Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 2(2): 72 – 94.
• Claudia, R.G., Olivia, V.M., & Leticia, R.G (2012). Relationship between competitive strategies and innovation types. XVI Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Ciencias Administrativas.
• Coşkun, S., Mesci, M. & Kılınç, İ. (2013). Stratejik Rekabet Üstünlüğü Sağlama Aracı Olarak İnovasyon Stratejileri: Kocaeli Otel İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Güz, 13(2), 101-132.
• D’Aveni, R.A., (With Gunther, R.) (1994). Hypercompetition: Managing the Dynamics of Strategic Maneuvering. Maxwell Macmillan Canada Inc. The Free Press.
• De Mello, A. M., Demonel de Lima, W., Boas, E.V., & Marx, R. (2008). Innovation capability and competitive advantage: A case study of two Brazilian Firms. RAI- Revista de Administração e Inovação, São Paulo, 5(2): 57-72.
• Dereli, D.D. (2015), Innovation and Entrepreneurship Innovation Management in Global Competition and Competitive Advantage, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1365-1370.
• Dess, G.G., Gupta, A. Hennert, J.F., & Hill, C.W. (1995). Conducting and integrating strategy research at the international, corporate, and business levels: Issues and directions. Journal of Management, 21: 357-393.
• Distanont, A., & Khongmalai, O. (2018). The role of innovation in creating a competitive advantage. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 1-7.
• Dobni, C.B. (2010). The relationship between an innovation orientation and competitive strategy. International Journal of Innovation Management, 14(2): 331–357.
• Doğan, E. (2017). Rekabet stratejileri perspektifinden sürdürülebilir rekabet üstünlüğü. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(1): 163-178.
• Efrata, T. C., Radianto, W.E.D., Marlina, M.A.E., & Budiono, S.C. (2019). The impact of innovation, competitive advantage, and market orientation on a firm’s marketing performance in the garment industry in Indonesia. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 100: 399-403.
• Galbreath, J. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in Italian firms, the Moderating Role of Competitive Strategy. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, (26) 4: 629-646.
• Ghemawat, P ve Rivkin, J.W. (2006). Creating competitive advantage. Harvard business school Background Note; 798-062.
• Gümüş Bilim, H.G., Gümüş, S. & Dayal, M. (2014). İnovasyonu Oluşturan İşletmelerin Yaşam Döngüleri, Hiperlink Yayınları, 1. Baskı.
• Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
• Hamdan, A.L. (2017). Strategic Thinking in a Hospital Setting, Chapter 3: Porter’s Strategies in Healthcare, Springer Briefs in Public Health.
• Hana, U. (2013) Competitive advantage achievement through innovation and knowledge. Journal of Competitiveness, 5 (1), 82-96.
• HBR (2017). The Harvard Business Review manager’s handbook: the 17 skills leaders need to stand out. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Review Press.
• Hambrick, D.C. (1983). An empirical typology of mature industrial product environments. Academy of Management Journal, 26, no.2: 213-30.
• Hana, U. (2013) Competitive advantage achievement through innovation and knowledge. Journal of Competitiveness, 5 (1): 82-96.
• HBR (2017). The Harvard Business Review manager’s handbook: the 17 skills leaders need to stand out. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Review Press.
• Helms, M.M., Dibrell, C., & Wright, P. (1997). Competitive strategies and business performance: evidence from the adhesives and sealants industry. Management Decision, 35(9): 689-703
• Herzlinger, R.E. (2006). Why innovation in health care ıs so hard. Harvard Business Review.
• Hill, C.W. (1988). Differentiation versus low cost or differentiation and low cost: A contingency framework. Academy of Management Review, 13: 401-412.
• Hillman H. & Kaliappen N. (2014), Do Cost Leadership Strategy and Process Innovation Influence the Performance of Malaysia Hotel Industry? Asian Social Science, 10(10), 134-141.
• Hipp, C. & Grupp, H. (2005). Innovation in the service sector: The demand for service-specific innovation measurement concepts and typologies, Research Policy, 34, 517–535.
• Hlavacka, S., Bacharova, L., Rusnakova, V., & Wagner, R. (2001), Performance implications of Porter’s generic strategies in Slovak hospitals. Journal of Management in Medicine, 15(1): 44-66.
• Islam, Q.M. (2021). Innovation in Primary Healthcare in the Twenty-first Century. Journal of Health Management, 23(1) 129– 142,
• Islami, X., Mustafa, N., & Latkovik, M.T. (2020). Linking Porter’s generic strategies to firm performance. Future Business Journal, J 2020, 6(1):1-15.
• Jakes, L. (2018). Success strategies of small business owners, Walden University, College of Management and Technology, Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies.
• Jong, J.P.J., Bruins, A., Dolfsma, W. & Meijaar, J. (2003). Innovation in service firms explored: what, how and why?, Zoetermeer.
• Kamaşak, R. (2010). Jenerik Rekabet Stratejilerinin İşletme Karlılığı ve Pazar Performansına Etkisi, Yönetim, 21(65): 47-64.
• Kiechel, W. (2010). The Lords of Strategy. Harvard Business Press.
• Kimble, L., & Massoud, M.R. (2017). What do we mean by innovation in healthcare?. EMJ Innovation, 1(1):89-91.
• Kumar, K., Subramanian, R., & Strand Holm, K. (2001). Competitive strategy, environmental scanning and performance: A context specific analysis of their relationship, IJCM, 11(1): 1-33.
• Lee, J. & Miller, D. (1999). People matter: Commitment to employees, strategy and performance in Korean firms. Strategic Management Journal, 20:579-593.
• Lengnick-Hall, C.A. (1992). Innovation and Competitive Advantage: What We Know and What We Need to Learn, Journal of Management, 18(2): 399-429.
• Li, Y. (2011). Software Industry competitive strategy and innovation: a comparison among typical nations, 2011 International Conference of Information Technology, Computer Engineering and Management Sciences.
• Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G.G. (2006). The Effect of ‘Simplicity’ on the Strategy–Performance Relationship: A Note. Journal of Management Studies, 43(7): 1583-1604.
• Mahasneh, M.S.M., Alnahdi, S.A. & Bani-H, J.S. (2020). Innovation in Health Services alignment with the Competitive Advantage Achievement in Private Hospitals in Saudi Arabia: Strategic Evidence, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 11(3), 58-68.
• Mburu, V.N. (2007). Competitive Strategies Adopted by Private Hospitals in Mombasa, Degree Of Master Of Business Administration (MBA), School Of Business, University Of Nairobi.
• Memişoğlu, D., & Kalkan, B. (2016). Sağlık hizmetlerinde yönetişim, inovasyon ve Türkiye, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2): 645-665.
• Mende, M. (2019). The innovation imperative in healthcare: an interview and commentary. AMS Review, 9:121–131.
• Miles, R.E., & Snow, C.C. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. New York: McGraw-Hill. Miller, A., & Dess, G.G. (1993). Assessing Porter's (1980) model in terms of its generalizability, accuracy and simplicity. Journal of Management Studies, 30: 553-585.
• Miller, A., & Dess, G.G. (1993). Assessing Porter's (1980) model in terms of its generalizability, accuracy and simplicity. Journal of Management Studies, 30, 553-585.
• Miller, D. (1989). Matching strategies and strategies making: Process, content, and performance. Human Relations, 42: 241-260.
• Miller, D., & Friesen, P.H. (1986). Porter's (1980) generic strategies: An empirical examination with American data. Organization Studies, 7: 37-55
• Miller, D., & Friesen, P.H. (1978). Archetypes of strategy formulation. Management Science, 24: 921-33.
• Mirzayeva, G. ve Türkay, O. (2016). Rekabet Stratejilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Bakü'deki Otel İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1 (1), 74-83. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tdtad/issue/21282/228463
• Munyoki, C., & K’Obonyo, P.O. (2015). The role of competitive strategies on performance of Kenya state corporations. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 3 (12).
• Musiello-Neto, F., Rua, O.L., Arias-Oliva, M., & Silva, A.F. (2021). Open Innovation and competitive advantage on the hospitality sector: the role of organizational strategy. Sustainability, 13: 1-19.
• Nyachwaya, J.M., & Rugami, J.M. (2020). Competitive strategies and performance of Commercial Banks in Mombasa County, Kenya. International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2(1): 65-74
• OECD & Eurostat. 2005, Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, Third Ed., OECD Publishing.
• Onditi, E.O. (2018). Competitive strategies and firm performance: a review of literature. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 5(4): 1869-1879.
• Ortega, M.J.R. (2010). Competitive strategies and firm performance: Technological capabilities' moderating roles. Journal of Business Research, 63: 1273–1281.
• Ouddasser, A., Mellouki, A., Belyagou, Y., & Yazzif, K. (2021). The health sector between innovation and organizational performance: Applied research in Moroccan Hospitals, Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 6(3): 277-285.
• Ökem, Z.G. (2011). Innovation in the health sector in Turkey on its way to European Union Membership, TUSİAD Report.
• Öztürk, E. (2017). Rekabet stratejileri ile inovasyon arasındaki ilişkide kurumsal itibarın rolü: otel işletmeleri üzerine bir araştırma, (yayınlanmamış doktora tezi), Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Page, T. (2014). Notions of innovation in healthcare services and products. International Journal, Innovation and Sustainable Development, 8(3): 217-231.
• Panayides, P.M. (2003). Competitive strategies and organizational performance in ship management. Maritime Policy & Management, 30(2): 123-140.
• Peker, A.A., Özdemir, Ş. Kerse, G. & Arsu, T. (2016). Porter’ın jenerik rekabet stratejileri ve performans ilişkisi; Aksaray ili organize sanayi bölgesi örneği. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5 (5): 11-22.
• Porter, M. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York: The Free Press.
• Prajogo, D.I. (2007). The relationship between competitive strategies and product quality. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 107(1): 69-83.
• Reguia, C. (2014). Product innovation and the competitive advantage. European Scientific Journal, 1:140-157.
• Rivers, P.A., & Glover, S.H. (2008). Health care competition, strategic mission, and patient satisfaction: Research model and propositions. Health Organ Manag., 22(6): 627–641.
• Sagwa, E.V., & Kembu, A.S. (2016). Effects of competitive strategy on the performance of deposit taking SACCOs in Nairobi County, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management, 8 (8): 30-37.
• Sharma, S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques. John Wiley&Sons Inc., New York.
• Sungur, O. (2009). Antalya'da faaliyet gösteren ihracatçı firmaların AR-GE, teknoloji geliştirme ve inovasyon faaliyetleri. Uluslararası Davraz Kongresi: “Küresel Diyalog”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, 938-953.
• Tahralı, İ, Alpkan, L. ve Aren, S. (2015). Effects of generic strategies and environmental conditions on ınnovation efforts, Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 63, 1-30.
• T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2011). T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı (2010), Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Refik Saydam Hıfzıssıhha Merkezi Başkanlığı Hıfzıssıhha Mektebi Müdürlüğü.
• Torgovicky, R., Goldberg, A., Shvarts, S., Bar Dayan, Y., Onn, E., Levi, Y., & BarDayan, Y. (2005). Application of Porter’s Generic Strategies in Ambulatory Health Care: A Comparison of Managerial Perceptions in Two Israeli Sick Funds. Health Care Manage Rev, 30(1): 17-23.
• Uzuntarla, Y., Ceyhan, S., & Fırat, İ. (2016). Sağlık kurumlarında yenilikçilik: Bingöl ili örneği. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(11): 189-201.
• Ülgen, H., & Mirze, S. K. (2007). İşletmelerde Stratejik Yönetim, Arıkan, 4. Baskı.
• Yamin, S. (1997). A study of competitive strategy, organizational innovation and organizational performance among Australian manufacturing companies. Int. J. Production Economics, 52:161-172.
• Zapletalová, Š. (2016). Porter’s competitive strategies and human resources in Czech family businesses, The 4th Human and Social Sciences at the Common Conference, Conference Paper, November.