Araştırma Makalesi

Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye

Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2 30 Aralık 2024
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Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye

Öz

Climate change and the growth of the population have led to changes in both the quantity and the quality of water resources. In Turkiye, a Mediterranean country, over 75% of its surface water is used for irrigation. Given the average annual precipitation (574 mm) of Turkiye, except for the Black Sea Region, all arable land in the country relies on irrigation to maintain sustainable food production. Agriculture constitutes 6% of Turkiye’s gross domestic product (GDP), with exports including crops such as cotton, corn, cereals, pulses, oilseeds, nuts, citrus orchards, and various fruits. As a result, the water provided for irrigation in any irrigation system must meet acceptable water quality standards to ensure sustainability of irrigation and food security. This study aims to a) investigate two essential irrigation water parameters: Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and b) evaluate their empirical relationship using samples collected from various water sources within a large-scale irrigation district, covering an area of 9495 ha in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkiye. Water samples were collected over one year, from October 2022 to September 2023. A total of thirteen locations were considered: a) Seven agricultural drainage channels, b) Four irrigation water sources (Seyhan River, Ceyhan River, one spring, and one groundwater well), c) Two outlets - the existing research catchment outlet and the other downstream. EC values of water samples were determined by using a benchtop type EC meter in the laboratory and TDS was determined by gravimetric method. Research results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation (r≥0.98) between EC and TDS across all water samples. The proportionality constant (K) ranged predominantly between 400-800 and was consistent with literature indicating the linear relationship between EC and TDS. Research findings suggest that the quality of different water supplies is suitable for the irrigation of all kinds of crops grown in the Lower Seyhan Plain of Turkiye. The overall characteristics of the average EC and TDS values throughout the year are reflected in the proposed equations for each water body. However, in future research, we suggest that the water sample volume should be at least 100 ml in order to provide more accurate results for water quality assessment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Unit of Cukurova University

Proje Numarası

FDK-2022-1490

Etik Beyan

The authors declare no conflicts of interest

Teşekkür

The authors thank the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Unit of Cukurova University for funding this research [Project Number: FDK-2022-14907]. The author, Angela Hiuhu, would like to thank the authorities of the University of Cukurova and the University of Nairobi for allowing her to be in Turkiye as part of the Erasmus Plus mobility program.

Kaynakça

  1. Alsenjar, O., Aksu, H., Cetin, M. (2022) The use of some specific drought indices to evaluate meteorological drought events in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Çukurova J Agric Food Sci 37(2): 261-272. https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2022.93.
  2. Alsenjar, O., Cetin, M., Aksu, H., Akgul, M. A., Golpinar, M. S. (2023a) Cropping pattern classification using artificial neural networks and evapotranspiration estimation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 29:677-689. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1174645.
  3. Alsenjar, O., Cetin, M., Aksu, H., Golpinar, M. S., Akgul, M. A. (2023b) Actual evapotranspiration estimation using METRIC Model and Landsat Satellite Images over an irrigated field in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews, 5:35-49.
  4. Anyango, G. W., Bhowmick, G. D., Sahoo Bhattacharya, N. (2024) A critical review of irrigation water quality index and water quality management practices in micro-irrigation for efficient policy making. In Desalination and Water Treatment. Elsevier B.V. Vol. 318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100304.
  5. Atekwana, E. A., Atekwana, E. A., Rowe, R. S., Werkema, D. D., Legall, F. D. (2004) The relationship of total dissolved solids measurements to bulk electrical conductivity in an aquifer contaminated with hydrocarbon. Journal of Applied Geophysics 56(4):281-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2004.08.003.
  6. Boyd, C. E. (2020) Water Quality: an Introduction. Springer Nature, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23335-8.
  7. Cetin, M., Alsenjar, O., Aksu, H., Golpinar, M. S., Akgul, M. A. (2023) Comparing actual evapotranspiration estimations by METRIC to in-situ water balance measurements over an irrigated field in Turkey. Hydrological Sciences Journal 68(8), 1162–1183. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2023.2198649.
  8. Cetin, M., Golpinar, M. S., Can, M. E. (2020) Deriving mathematical relationships between electrical conductivity and concentrations of some minerals in groundwater: A case study in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 4(3):318–327. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2020.274.5.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sulama Suyu Kalitesi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Aralık 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

7 Ağustos 2024

Kabul Tarihi

23 Ağustos 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çetin, M., Alsenjar, O., Hiuhu, A., Gölpınar, M. S., & Erkan Can, M. (2024). Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 39(2), 254-266. https://izlik.org/JA29JY88MZ
AMA
1.Çetin M, Alsenjar O, Hiuhu A, Gölpınar MS, Erkan Can M. Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye. Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil. Der. 2024;39(2):254-266. https://izlik.org/JA29JY88MZ
Chicago
Çetin, Mahmut, Omar Alsenjar, Angela Hiuhu, Muhammet Said Gölpınar, ve Müge Erkan Can. 2024. “Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye”. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 39 (2): 254-66. https://izlik.org/JA29JY88MZ.
EndNote
Çetin M, Alsenjar O, Hiuhu A, Gölpınar MS, Erkan Can M (01 Aralık 2024) Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 39 2 254–266.
IEEE
[1]M. Çetin, O. Alsenjar, A. Hiuhu, M. S. Gölpınar, ve M. Erkan Can, “Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye”, Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil. Der., c. 39, sy 2, ss. 254–266, Ara. 2024, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA29JY88MZ
ISNAD
Çetin, Mahmut - Alsenjar, Omar - Hiuhu, Angela - Gölpınar, Muhammet Said - Erkan Can, Müge. “Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye”. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 39/2 (01 Aralık 2024): 254-266. https://izlik.org/JA29JY88MZ.
JAMA
1.Çetin M, Alsenjar O, Hiuhu A, Gölpınar MS, Erkan Can M. Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye. Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil. Der. 2024;39:254–266.
MLA
Çetin, Mahmut, vd. “Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye”. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 39, sy 2, Aralık 2024, ss. 254-66, https://izlik.org/JA29JY88MZ.
Vancouver
1.Mahmut Çetin, Omar Alsenjar, Angela Hiuhu, Muhammet Said Gölpınar, Müge Erkan Can. Assessing the Relationship Between Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids of Different Water Resources in a Large-scale Irrigation Scheme in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin of Turkiye. Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil. Der. [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2024;39(2):254-66. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA29JY88MZ

Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi” yayın hayatına 1 Ocak 2016 tarihi itibariyle “Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi” adıyla devam etmektedir.


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